1420 The Forbidden City has a history of more than 600 years, witnessing the rise and fall of the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as the Republic of China. For ordinary houses, the service life is often only 50 to 80 years. How does the Forbidden City do a good job in disaster prevention? After such a long period of ups and downs, it still stands tall to this day?
The disaster prevention needs of the Forbidden City are mainly concentrated in the three parts of fire prevention, lightning protection and shock prevention.
The Forbidden City is a wooden building, and the main disaster prevention requirement is fire prevention. From the completion of the Forbidden City to the liberation of Peiping, it encountered more than 60 fires. During the feudal dynasty, the main causes of fires were lightning strikes and firecrackers. Historically, the Forbidden City encountered 5 particularly large fires:
1420 was built. The next year (the 19th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty), the Forbidden City suffered a fire due to lightning strikes. Fengtian Hall , Huagai Hall , and Jinshen Hall were all burned in the fire.
1557 (the 36th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty), the Forbidden City was struck by lightning again. In addition to the three halls, Fengtianmen , Wenwu Tower, Meridian Gate and other buildings were also buried in the sea of fire.
1597 (the 25th year of Wanli, Ming Dynasty), a fire broke out in Forbidden City. , Zhonghe Palace , Baohe Palace , Baohe Palace , Qianqing Palace , Jiaotai Palace , Kunning Palace were all burned. The cause of this fire was unknown.
1644 (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), after Li Zicheng captured Beijing, he burned all buildings except the surrounding corner towers and Huangji Gate before evacuating the Forbidden City.
1923 (the Republic of China period), Jianfu Palace caused a fire due to a mistake in the use of electricity by eunuchs, which caused a fire.
Counting the previous fires in the Forbidden City, we can find that the number of large-scale fires occurred during the Qing Dynasty period is significantly lower than that of the Ming Dynasty . This is because the Qing Dynasty rulers strengthened the fire prevention and disaster prevention work of the Forbidden City and provided better protection for the Forbidden City.
After the Qing Dynasty entered the pass, a fire prevention class of more than 200 people was set up in the Forbidden City since , Kangxi and emperors. The traditional working methods of fire prevention classes can be summarized as twelve-word formulas: "Cearing ice in winter, filling water in summer, weeding in spring, and clearing leaves in autumn." These twelve-character mantras can be described as being every word that is still used today.
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summer water injection, storing water into the 308 large iron, copper and gilded copper jar of the Forbidden City. I believe readers who have visited the Forbidden City have seen a big jar in the Forbidden City. If a fire occurs, the firefighting team can call the water sources in these large cylinders as soon as possible for fire extinguishing work. Nowadays, there is a more advanced fire protection system in the Forbidden City. In order to protect the safety of tourists, these tanks no longer store water.
spring weeding and autumn clear leaves refer to the lush grass and trees in spring and autumn. fire fighting teams should promptly clean up combustible materials such as fallen leaves in plants and trees to eliminate fire hazards.
In addition, during the Qing Dynasty, the Forbidden City also equipped with various fire prevention tools such as cloud ladder, fire hook, impulse barrel, wooden dragon lift and other fire protection tools. For example, the stimulus barrel is very similar to the current water gun. If a fire occurs in the palace, manpower will lift the bucket around the palace. The fire prevention team will place the bucket in the bucket, pump water into the bucket through the piston, and then press it down hard to allow the water column to spray out. The head of the barrel can reach up to 20 meters, which can be regarded as a fire fighting artifact.
Yongzheng When Emperor Yongzheng was in power, he also set up multiple firewalls in the Forbidden City.Emperor Yongzheng ordered craftsmen to transform the wooden wall into a brick and stone firewall, and divide the Forbidden City into multiple different areas, so as to ensure that the fire will only spread in a small range when there is a fire.
New China was founded ,
A fire squadron entered the Forbidden City, which was specifically responsible for the fire fighting work of the Forbidden City. Firefighters must patrol the Forbidden City every day and regularly inspect and maintain firefighting facilities. With the development of technology, the fire prevention hardware facilities of the Forbidden City are becoming more and more perfect. From multiple perspectives such as software and hardware, the Forbidden City has effectively done a good job in lightning protection and fire prevention, so that the Forbidden City can truly be "impeccable" in the face of disasters.
