On September 22, 2011, the main body of the Cha Mi City sculpture group on Dazhong Road was completed.
Location: | 未分类: | 未分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分类方分Monthly September 22, 2011: Recently, the main part of the Cha Mi City sculpture group in the Dazhong Road (Western Section) upgrade and renovation project has been installed and accepted. reporter learned that the Chashi Mishi sculpture group is located at the intersection of Dazhong Road and Jiaotong Road. It is designed and created by the Sculpture Department of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. It adopts the expression form of traditional Chinese long scroll painting. The character scenes are unfolded horizontally in a long line, centered on a stone archway in the style of Ming and Qing dynasties. One side shows the tea city cultural scene and the other side shows the Mishi cultural scene. The two groups of sculptures rely on each other and have backgrounds. Taking the heyday of the commercial culture of Jiujiang in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China as the historical background, it forms a grand, prosperous and lively historical and cultural scene. Source: China Garden Materials Network
Jiujiang was once one of the four rice markets and three tea markets in China. It is an important commercial port in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River . This article tells the story of Jiujiang Rice City, which Jiujiang Tea City will tell next month. China's four rice markets were the four most important rice trading cities from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Since they are all located in the south of the Yangtze River, they are also called the "Four Rice Markets in the south of the Yangtze River". They are: Wuhu, Anhui, Wuxi, Jiangsu, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, and Changsha, Hunan. These four rice markets are important commercial ports in the four major grain-producing provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. A keen reader will find that there is no Hubei among them, and Hubei is also a major grain-producing province. As the saying goes: , Huguang is familiar, and the whole world is full. Huguang means Hunan and Hubei. 《号号号号号号》January 19, 1937 This is because the so-called four rice markets are a false indicator, and there are also three rice markets and five rice markets, and they have changed with the times. In addition to the above four cities, there are Shashi in Hubei, Anhui's Anqing and Jiangxi's Nanchang , etc. As can be seen from the above picture, in a report in 1937, Nanchang was still one of the four rice markets, and Jiujiang was not among them. Many articles introducing Jiujiang Rice City often start from ancient times, as if it has always been an important grain trading market in China, but it is not. Not only "Huguang is ripe, the world is full", but "Huguang is ripe, the world is full only when it is ripe". Jiangxi has always been the main production area of rice in southern China. Historically, the main export terminal of Jiangxi rice is Nanchang, the capital of the provincial capital located in the downstream of Ganjiang . This is because the main rice-producing areas in Jiangxi are five major river basins, including Ganjiang District, Jinjiang District, Yuanjiang District, Fuhe District, and Xiushui District, among which the yield along the Ganjiang River is the largest. The following figure shows the rice yields in Jiangxi in 1933 and 1934. Among them, the Jianghu Districts include six counties: Jiujiang, Ruichang , Hukou , Pengze , Duchang , and Xingzi . It can be seen that the rice yield in this area is the lowest, even less than half of the Xiushui River Basin. "Research on the Rise and Fall of China's Four Rice Markets" Guo Hongye According to the article "Jiujiang Rice City" in the 18th year of Guangxu (1892), "Jiujiang is a non-rice producing area, and it depends on the reposting of merchants from all over the country." Jiujiang area is densely populated and has limited arable land area, so the rice produced is not even enough for local consumption. Therefore, before the Republic of China, Jiujiang rice market transactions were only for the purpose of satisfying the consumption of this city. major changes occurred in the opening of a port in Jiujiang in the late Qing Dynasty. Foreign companies such as Britain, the United States, and Japan set up ship companies in Jiujiang and built docks, so that the conditions for foreign trade in Jiujiang were quickly improved. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Nanxun Railway was opened to traffic, and Jiujiang became the largest water and land transportation center in Jiangxi and a distribution center for materials in the province.The rice that originally gathered in the Nanchang market in Jiangxi Province began to be transferred to Jiujiang by train. By the 1920s, 80% of the rice exported by Jiangxi was transported out through Jiujiang. Jiujiang also became one of the largest rice markets in China (ranked third), and received the titles of four rice markets from Nanchang. In the article "Today in Jiujiang History·May 7·The Unsatisfied Wucheng", the author explained the reasons for the rise of Jiujiang and the decline of Nanchang. The water transportation from Nanchang and Wucheng is much cheaper than railway transportation. However, although the Qing government opened several riverside ports to foreign countries, foreign ships did not allow foreign ships to enter the tributaries of the Yangtze River. Therefore, foreign iron-hulled ships with greater capacity could not enter the Poyang Lake . Chinese wooden civilian ships not only had small carrying capacity, but also had a higher risk when crossing Poyang Lake. Even if the materials are transported out of Poyang Lake by civilian ships, they have to be sent to Jiujiang Port for transactions. In this way, the cost-effectiveness of railway transportation is still higher. Jiujiang Yuan Shunchang Rice Village Money Ticket Source: Xunyang Trading Jiujiang Rice City’s biggest feature is customs declaration and transportation. The former is because Jiujiang is the only concession city among the four rice markets, with the important Jiujiang Customs in the Yangtze River Basin, and Jiujiang has many internal and foreign trade institutions and mature business. Transfer is because Jiujiang rice market is a typical carrier market, not a distribution market. Its function is to concentrate the rice from Jiangxi and then transport it to other provinces. Jiujiang has poor rice processing capabilities and there are not many mechanized rice mills. Although Nanchang has lost its export market, its rice processing capacity is still the first in the province. Therefore, we can see this clear rice output line: most of the rice in Jiangxi is concentrated in Nanchang to process into rice, and then transported to Jiujiang, and shipped from Jiujiang Wharf to outside the province. The main output of Jiujiang rice is Wuhan and Shanghai. According to the "Jiangxi Economic Weekly" Volume 9 of 1937, "Shanghai has an annual output of about 70%, Hankou is about 26%, Guangzhou 2% and Tianjin 1%." In addition to Jiujiang city, there are also three towns around Poyang Lake, Wucheng ( Yongxiu ), Tujiabu (now Yongxiu County), and Hukou. The rice produced in Huangmei, Guangji, Hubei, and Anhui, Taihu , and Susong also flow into Jiujiang, which is also an important reason for the rising of Jiujiang Rice City. Jiujiang Rice City was at its peak and there were nearly a thousand practitioners, with more than 130 rice shops. According to the owner's hometown, it is divided into Guangdong Gang, Nanchang Gang and local Gang. Guangdong Gang mainly engages in foreign trade and Guangdong business; Nanchang Gang has a large capital and has acquisition points in Nanchang; local Gangs are mostly rice-sale shops, doing small local businesses. Jiujiang Yong'an Rice Village Money Tickets Source: Xunyang Trade The mid-1930s was the heyday of the four rice markets and the starting point of their decline. Jiujiang was the one with the most serious decline in the four rice markets. The collapse of Jiujiang Rice City was caused by several reasons: First, the several "bandit suppression" in the 1930s basically destroyed Jiangxi's economy, and the province's agricultural production suffered a huge blow. From 1930 to 1935, Jiujiang Pass exported only a few of the previous rice. It was not until 1936 after the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression ended that Jiujiang Pass completely returned to the level of the 1920s, and even had a significant increase. The second is that after the Jiujiang Concession was taken back in 1927, the customs declaration business was no longer advantage. Moreover, because the tax revenue was too heavy, many rice merchants found ways to smuggle rice out of the country in order to evade heavy taxes. Third, the large-scale entry of imported foreign rice (Southeast Asian rice) has hit the local rice market hard. , which brought a devastating blow to the four rice markets was the Anti-Japanese War . In 1937, the full-scale anti-Japanese war broke out, and the Wuxi and Wuhu among the four rice markets fell into the enemy shortly after the war started. In 1938, Wuhan battled , and Jiujiang was destroyed. In the following several battles in Changsha, Changsha almost became a ruin. The four rice markets have completely lost their basic function of rice valley distribution, and the market has been completely divided and can only conduct regional transactions, or become a distribution venue for enemy and pseudo-requisition materials.What made the four rice markets have no value anymore was that in 1952, the state implemented the unified purchase and sales policy, abolishing the free food trade policy. At this point, the four rice markets have completely withdrawn from the historical stage.
1990, Jiujiang Grain Wholesale Market opened. Photo: Cai Shaomin 1979, Jiujiang Rice City was officially restored. In 1990, Jiujiang built a grain wholesale market. For a long time, there have been calls for restoring the former glory of Jiujiang Rice City. However, compared with more than a hundred years ago, business models and transportation logistics have undergone earth-shaking changes. Will there be a few more rice markets in China today?
"Today in Jiujiang History" is a series of short articles introducing local history. Each article selects an event that occurs on the same day or month with clear historical records, accompanied by relevant photos, news pictures, literature books and other video materials, and makes appropriate comments on the causes and impacts of the incident. Because the author's level is limited and the information is incomplete, there will be fallacies and inappropriate choices. Please criticize and correct me. history Category Latest News
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