Sangzhi County has a total of 28 ethnic groups living and reproduction for a long time, of which the population of Bai ethnic group has more than 130,000, accounting for 25% of the total population of the county. There are five Bai ethnic townships in the county, including Zoumaping, Liujiaping, Hongjiaguan , Furongqiao, and Mahekou. In recent years, mulberry tea has been among the "colorful Hunan Tea" with white tea , and the reputation of mulberry tea has become increasingly famous. Are the "white" of the Bai people and the "white" of white tea related to each other? This requires finding answers in the history and culture of the Bai people.
△Sangzhi County Bai Nation Association Chairman Gu Liming
"Sangzhi is the second largest Bai Nation settlement in the country." Speaking of the history of the Sangzhi Bai Nation, the 79-year-old Gu Liming is well aware of it.
As the president of the Sangzhi County Bai Nationality Association, he studies Bai nationality history and culture for many years. Through his story, the reason why the ancient Bai people, who mainly lived in Dali, Yunnan, appeared on a large scale in the Sangzhi area has gradually become clear.
At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, after Mongolia captured the Yunnan region, the general Wulianghetai led the "Cunbai Army" composed of Bai people in Dali, Yunnan to the east. In 1260, Kublai Khan became a Khan and no longer appointed Wuliang Hetai, who was a heavy army and was a dissident, and ordered the reorganization and repatriation of the "Cunbai Army" the following year. Most of the "Cunbai Army" returned to their hometown Dali after obstacles, but a small number remained along the coast of the Yangtze River due to traffic barriers. Gu Junwan, the ancestor of the Sangzhibai people, and others lived in Jiangxi. On the way along the Yangtze River, they came to Maidiping and Mahekou areas to settle down. With the end of a major military operation, Hunan Sangzhi had Bai people.
This important discovery is attributed to the old Red Army Gu Youzhen. In the early 1950s, Gu Youzhen, a "minister" who was in Hongjiaguan, Sangzhi, went to Yunnan for more than 40 years. He found that Sangzhi's "minister family members" have many similarities with the Dali Bai people in terms of religious beliefs and language. So, he suggested to the relevant departments in his hometown to investigate the origin of the "people's family".
With the joint promotion of relevant departments, the experts finally uncovered the historical origins of the two places after historical materials verification and on-site visits. On June 27, 1984, the General Office of the Hunan Provincial Government officially identified Sangzhi as the Bai people, and at the same time, Bai people's townships such as Hongjiaguan in Sangzhi County were established.
The Bai people of Sangzhi and the Bai people of Dali are thousands of miles apart but have the same roots. In addition to the inheritance of ethnic clothing and architectural styles, Gu Liming believes that the "tea" of Sangzhi may also have some connection with the Bai people.
"Bai people love to drink tea, grow tea the most, and make tea the most. Every Bai people in Dali have tea sets." Gu Liming also has a lot of knowledge about the tea culture in Yunnan. He believes that when the "Cunbai Army" traveled eastward, tea was also carried as a military necessity. For these Bai ancestors, the tea they carried with them not only relieved their nostalgia, but also used as medicine in an era of lack of medicine to sterilize and disinfect.
They carry not only tea leaves, but also tea fruit . The ancestors of the Bai people brought the tea seeds from their hometown here, and mulberry plants provided suitable soil and climatic conditions for the growth of tea trees. Among the many ancient tea trees in mulberry plants, perhaps a certain tea tree still carries the memories of the past. He speculated that the Bai people may have also brought some changes in the local tea making process.
"Bai Cha's surname is Bai" is a joke that Mr. Gu said. The "white" that both have may have different meanings, but in Mangzhi, Bai people who love to drink and make tea and high-quality white tea have indeed achieved a wonderful gathering and fusion.
mentions the tea culture of the Bai people, and the three-course tea (also known as the three-general tea) must not be missed. Three Tea is a way to drink tea when the Bai people in Yunnan entertain guests. With its unique tea ceremony of "bitter bitterness, sweetness, and three aftertaste", it has become a kind of etiquette for the Bai family to make friends in the Ming Dynasty.
Gu Limin introduced that the Sangzhi Bai people have also made innovations in the three-course tea, paying attention to "one bitterness, two sweetness, and three reunion". The first tea is ordinary white tea, which is "bitter tea"; the second tea is "sweet tea", which adds honey, ginger, sesame , walnuts and other ingredients; the third "reunion tea" is also called "three egg tea", which is where the innovation lies, and brown sugar and three cooked eggs are added to the tea.
If the traditional three-course tea is the "recitation" after experiencing the taste of life, then the "reunion tea" of the Sangzhi Bai people is a good blessing for the sweet and bitter taste, and has the meaning of "reunion".
When the ancestors of the Bai people settled down on mulberry trees, they merged with the local Tujia and Miao cultures. The "three teas" of the Sangzhibai group also developed their own characteristics in inheriting the culture of their ancestors. However, no matter where their steps go, no matter what changes time has given the world, Sangzhi's tea culture has always been implicated in the ancestors and has always been rooted in the profound national history and culture.
Xiaoxiang Morning News reporter Wang Huan Intern Qin Yun
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