On October 20, 1962, a self-defense counterattack against India broke out that shocked the world.
At that time, India, with its halo as the leader of the third world , claimed to be the "third military power" and received strong support in terms of weapons and morals from the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. At the same time, New China was not only deeply troubled by natural disasters, but also had conflicts with the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, in the international community. It could be described as real internal and external troubles. Therefore, India and other countries agree that the war will be one-sided.
Facts have proved that their predictions are indeed quite accurate. As soon as the war started, the aggressive Indian elites were instantly defeated. After being beaten until they cried for their fathers and mothers, the 170,000 troops ran out of the African wildebeest migration on the Ganges Plain Formation, India not only turned the war of aggression into a battle to defend the capital, but as the founder of the country, Indian Prime Minister Nehru almost became the king of subjugation for the rest of his life.
In the history of world wars, the Sino-Indian war was not large in scale, did not last long, and the casualties on both sides were not heavy, but it had an extremely far-reaching impact. In addition to completely breaking the backbone of India and ruining its hope of rising as a great power, New China was able to extend its influence to South Asia. The figure of "printing" that was so prosperous also deeply inspired the South Asian countries that had suffered from India for a long time to rise up and "print". struggle.
and Nepal are among those who are deeply inspired.
In South Asia today, it is abnormal not to be bullied by India. As a so-called ancient civilization, the history of the South Asian subcontinent was due to the perennial opening of the Khyber Pass "green printing channel". Conquerors including Aryans rushed south to superimpose Indian civilization. It has become a delicious thousand-layer cake , which makes today's India not have a single rupee relationship with ancient India .
As a masterpiece of British colonization, modern India originated from the "India-Pakistan Partition " plan promoted by the British colonists. By dividing British India into three, India finally had the conditions for its emergence.
Because India, supported by Hindus, has a larger area and a larger population than Pakistan, India cannot help but regard itself as the successor to British India and is determined to fight for the rest of its life to restore the territory of British India. Under the guidance of this idea, post-independence India changed its past state of "not loving arms, loving red clothes, kneeling and singing about conquest and waiting for reincarnation", and quickly devoted itself to bullying neighboring countries.
Although all countries in South Asia after the war basically started from the same starting point, India is too big and is invisibly more vicious. Therefore, except for Pakistan, which insists on "printing", other South Asian countries are all silent and fearful, and Nepal is one of them.
As a mountainous country at the southern foot of the Himalayas, although Nepal’s area is insignificant compared to India, its terrain suitable for guerrilla warfare allowed Nepal to maintain its most basic independence while conquerors from all walks of life continued to sweep across the South Asian subcontinent.
And because it is connected with the Central Plains Dynasty on the other side of the Himalayas, Nepal has a closer relationship with the Central Plains Dynasty in history. This close relationship is directly reflected in the fact that today's Nepalis are mostly yellow people, and their language is also Sino-Tibetan language .
The close connection between Nepal and the Central Plains Dynasty can be traced back to the Mongolian period. It is said that after the "Liangzhou Alliance" in 1247, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau became part of the Mongol Empire, and Nepal also became a satellite of the Central Plains Dynasty.
After the Shah Dynasty established and unified Nepal in 1768, it invaded Qing Dynasty Tibet in 1789. It was then counterattacked by the Qing army in 1792, and Nepal once again became a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty.
At that time, the British colonists landed in the South Asian subcontinent in 1600. After more than a century of brutal expansion, they successively defeated their counterparts in Portugal, the Netherlands, and France, and finally eliminated the Mughal Empire and unified the South Asian subcontinent, known as the British Empire. India.
After the establishment of British India, the British colonists continued their efforts and extended their claws to surrounding areas such as Afghanistan, Tibet, Nepal, and Myanmar.
In 1814, 30,000 British troops brutally invaded Nepal. After paying a heavy price, they forced Nepal to sign the "Treaty of Segoli" in 1815, ceding more than one-third of Nepal's land area, and Nepal immediately became British India. an integral part.
Because the British colonists were impressed by the strong fighting power of the Nepalese in the Anti-British War, when the British "conquered" Nepal, they began to recruit a large number of Nepalese to form the Gurkha Regiment.
However, Britain's "preference" for the Nepalese did not ease the hatred between the two parties. Instead, it intensified the Nepalese's struggle against the British colonists. As a result, after World War I was severely damaged, the United Kingdom had to fight in 1923. Recognizing the independence of Nepal and signing a permanent contract treaty with it, on the condition that a large number of privileges are retained in Nepal, has laid the foundation for India's "son inheritance".
After the founding of India in 1947, it quickly entered the role of the so-called "successor of British India". In addition to fighting non-stop with Pakistan, India also signed a peace and friendship treaty with Nepal in 1950, fully inheriting the British colonial rule. Nepal’s privilege.
With the support of India, the Nepalese royal family regained power in 1951 and embarked on the path of constitutional monarchy . Due to India's kindness, the Nepalese royal family returned favors to India. For example, King Mahendra announced a ban on all political party activities in 1961 and The 1962 constitution stipulated that Nepal was a Hindu monarchy, legally establishing the relationship between India and Nepal of "one religion, two countries". With the support of the Nepalese royal family, Indian forces were able to fully penetrate, paving the way for Nepal's turbulent political situation.
It should be said that for Nepal, which is far smaller than India, it is a reliable choice to bow down to India's sari . After all, Nepal and British India not only share the historical memory of being under the same roof, but the terrain of Nepal also tilts towards India. In addition, Nepal is sandwiched between China and India, and is surrounded by India on three sides. It can be said that Nepal has many options. , but basically none.
But the problem is that India itself is not good at developing the economy and can only lead Nepal towards common poverty. Even if it is such a noob, India is not satisfied with being the stepfather of Nepal. What it wants is to make the curry of Nepal's current rice paste. Therefore, in the decades after India's independence, although India did not directly attack Nepal, its annexation of Sikkim and control of Bhutan still frightened Nepal.
More importantly, India, as a country without a grand strategic vision, did not establish a so-called united front in order to annex Nepal. Instead, it tried to use the British father's "overbearing president" method to overlord and forcefully take over the country. He has made repeated moves and successfully offended almost all strata in Nepal, so the various Nepali governments have become increasingly disgusted with India.
In order to contain China and instigate rebellion against India, the United States also began to turn its attention to Nepal. After the massacre of the Nepalese royal family in 2001, the United States intervened in Nepal's internal affairs in the name of anti-terrorism and cooperated with India to put pressure on the Nepalese royal family, forcing the Nepalese royal family to "return Government for the people."
The intervention of the United States has made Nepal, sandwiched between China and India, even more miserable. You know, compared to India's efforts to win over Nepal in order to counter China, the United States can be said to just leave after patting its butt. It just wants to mess up Nepal without taking responsibility. Therefore, Nepal, which is in dire straits, has gradually strengthened its determination to get closer to China.
In fact, as early as after the end of the Sino-Indian War, the China-Nepal Highway , which represented the thawing and warming of Sino-Nepal relations, broke ground in 1963 and was fully completed in 1967.
The natural chasm of the China-Nepal Highway was turned into a road, allowing Nepal, which had been suffering from India for a long time, to see a glimmer of light in getting rid of India's control. After all, with the China-Nepal Highway, Nepal was no longer completely controlled by India, so in 1969, Nepal, which had hardened its waist, In 2006, the Indian military advisory team in Nepal was asked to pack up and leave.
But the problem is that although the China-Nepal highway is good, its transportation capacity is too small, and it is always disturbed by geological activities and bad weather. It cannot support Nepal's need to get rid of India and establish itself on its own.
Therefore, while the large-scale reconstruction and expansion of the China-Nepal highway in 2003 greatly improved the transportation capacity, the construction of the China-Nepal railway was gradually put on the agenda.
In 2006, and of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were fully connected. This not only marked the end of Tibet's history of no railways, but also meant that the spatial distance between Nepal and China at the railway level was getting closer and closer.
Therefore, at the 2019 "Belt and Road" Summit Forum, the 170-kilometer-long China-Nepal railway from Geelong to Kathmandu was listed as a key project. Nepal's wish to catch the express train of China and completely get rid of India's influence is just around the corner.
Now, as the foreign ministers of China and Nepal have unanimously stated that they will build a three-dimensional interconnection network across the Himalayas, and at the same time, China will use aid to Nepal to support the feasibility study of the China-Nepal cross-border railway and send experts to Nepal within the year to conduct surveys. This marks that the construction of the China-Nepal Railway will no longer be an elusive dream.
Compared with the China-Nepal highway, the significance of the China-Nepal railway is reflected in its strategic value and economic value.
As we all know, the “One Belt, One Road” initiative uses railways as its basic carrier. Due to the natural barrier of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China and South Asian countries are basically isolated from South Asia by railway, except for the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor with Pakistan. In this context, if the China-Nepal railway can be successfully completed, it will not only connect China and Nepal, but also make up the last link of the "Belt and Road" land channel and build a channel from China to South Asia. It also provides the possibility of railway connection with Bangladesh and other South Asian coastal countries, further breaking the dilemma of Malacca.
After all, if international relations can be eased, the China-Nepal railway will be extended directly to the Bay of Bengal through India, thus completely connecting China and South Asia by land. It will have a greater impact on China’s influence in South Asia and the competition for national defense and security. Big strategic maneuvering space and other aspects are of great significance.
On the economic level, the China-Nepal Railway will gradually upgrade Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, from railway terminals to railway hubs. And with the smooth flow of goods transportation between China and Nepal, Nepal will surely catch the express train of China's great national rejuvenation and achieve common prosperity faster.
Although the transportation cost of transporting goods from the China-Nepal Railway to the mainland via the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is bound to remain high, the significance of Nepal's use of the China-Nepal Railway to further get rid of the hostage of India cannot be ignored.
Therefore, precisely because the value of the China-Nepal Railway is so huge, the difficulties and obstacles from nature and humanity are difficult to overcome.
In addition to the dramatic elevation fluctuations, high construction costs caused by active geological conditions, and obstacles from India and the United States, the China-Nepal Railway will definitely face difficulties and even uncertain prospects. After all, once the China-Nepal railway is successfully opened, India, which has been drained from the bottom of the cauldron, will inevitably lose the capital to manipulate Nepal at will, and the United States will not be able to stir up trouble in Nepal as it pleases. Without the interference of the United States and India, Nepal will surely move towards a peaceful and peaceful future under the influence of China.
Therefore, what we can do is to try our best to ensure that the natural chasm of the China-Nepal Railway is accessible.
Today's China has already accumulated rich experience in road construction on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau through the completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the Sichuan-Tibet Railway under construction. This means that technically China has overcome natural difficulties and built a railway across the Himalayas to Kathmandu. It's not a fantasy.
However, the obstruction of the United States and India will inevitably cause huge difficulties to the construction of the China-Nepal railway. After all, they have never considered the welfare of the Nepalese people. What they want to do is to use Nepal as a springboard to achieve the dirty purpose of containing China. .
So the construction of the China-Nepal Railway seems to be a technical issue, but is essentially a political issue. Under such circumstances, what we can do is not only unite with Pakistan and other South Asian countries to insist on "printing", but we should also start from all parties in Nepal and make efforts at all levels to finally achieve a unified situation. You must know that the fundamental reason why the United States and India are able to cause turmoil in Nepal is that Nepal is already full of mountains and has a restless environment.
In Jingye Shi’s view, the construction of the China-Nepal Railway is an important proof of the continuous improvement of China’s comprehensive national strength. So once the decision is made, the next thing we can do is work together to achieve the early completion of the China-Nepal railway.
has many omissions, please correct me.
I am Jing Ye Shi, looking forward to your attention.
