"The dragon in the wild is hibernating, and the deer in the Central Plains is fertile."
Beiyang warlords During the rule of the rule, society was in turmoil and the people lived in dire straits. China suffered the double oppression of imperialism and warlordism.
.6 million square kilometers of land are filled with warlords of all sizes, including large and small warlords such as Feng Guozhang , Wu Peifu , Sun Chuanfang , Zhang Zuolin , medium warlords such as Yan Xishan , Tang Jiyao , and even small warlords such as Liu Cunhou, Liu Xiang , and Xiong Kewu. During this period of warlord separatism, a group of bandits were also derived.
is supported by economic groups or foreign forces compared to warlords, and has its own armed forces and guns. Most bandits have to take risks due to life, and are barbaric and backward, and their behavioral norms are generally primitive and outdated.
However, as social contradictions continue to deepen, the difference between warlords and bandits is becoming increasingly blurred. More and more former "bandits" were recruited and absorbed by warlords and appeared on the political stage.
Among the many bandits, there is a bandit leader who once had more than 30,000 people worth our discussion. He is Zhang Qing, a giant bandit in Henan.
Join Bailang Uprising
1 In 893, Zhang Qing was born in an ordinary peasant family in Henan. Although his family was poor, he had the love of his parents and the care of his elder brother, and the family lived a happy life. However, when he was ten years old, happiness came to an abrupt end. His parents died of illness. When he was young, he could only make a living with his brother, and he dared to do anything and had to do anything in order to survive.
At the same time, Zhang Qing and his brother were in a difficult life and had no choice but to join the uprising army of fellow villager Bai Lang. However, due to its limitations, the Bailang Uprising ended in failure after four years of persistence. In 1914, Bai Lang led hundreds of people to fight in Shizhuang, Lushan, and was seriously injured and killed. The rest of his troops fled in all directions, and the uprising failed at this point.
Follow the Henan Governor Zhao Ti
Follow Bai Lang's uprising failed, and his brother was also killed in battle. Zhang Qing didn't know where to go. After the confusion faded, Zhang Qing still believed that in such an era of warlord segregation, "Hong Kong" was more stable and promising. So he went to join the Henan Governor Zhao Ti.
So who is Zhao Ti?
During the Second Revolution, Zhao Ti came to Henan under the order of Yuan Shikai to pursue Bai Lang and others. He was awarded the position of "Henan Guardian" for his outstanding military merits, and began to manage Henan military affairs in 1914.
After Zhang Qing defected to Zhao Ti, he also lived a safe and comfortable life. With his flexible mind and experience in participating in the rebel army, he even became the platoon leader and company commander for a time.
However, there are naturally suspicions and exclusion among the warlords. After Yuan Shikai's death, Zhao Ti first had a conflict with Duan Qirui ; later he supported and opposed Anhui War in Zhianhui War ; but after the war, he was excluded by Wu Peifu of Zhianhui and was finally defeated by Feng Yuxiang
in 1922. Zhang Qing was once again "homeless".
However, unlike the failure after the last Bailang Uprising, this time Zhang Qing is no longer alone. In Zhao Ti's Hongwei Camp, Zhang Qing restrained many people for his own use. So after Zhao Ti’s failure, more than 300 people followed Zhang Qing and returned to their hometown in Baofeng County, Henan Province with him.
Take the mountain as the king, and fall into the grass as the bandit
1922, when Zhang Qing was holding more than a thousand people, he realized that it would be better to find a way out for himself than to follow others. So, he established the "Henan Autonomous Army" in the western part of Henan Province and established himself as king., and Zhang Qing's "history of making a fortune" since then is similar to many bandits.
Zhang Qing, this person has fair face, high nose bridge, deep eyes, and tall and powerful figure. Because he looks like a foreigner, he is called "old foreigner" by villagers because he is akin to the snow. But our "old foreigner" is resentful of the real foreigner.
At that time, most foreigners had an outrageous status in China, and the warlords were bullied by foreigners but had to protect them.
Zhang Qing has captured a French engineer and a Greek engineer and asked for 3000 ocean and 4 pistols, and it can be said that he has discovered the door to a new world. He began to focus on foreigners targeting prisoners to obtain guns, ammunition and supplies.
After Zhang Qing captured foreigners well and became well-known, a large number of people who were dissatisfied with the rule of the Beiyang warlords and were unwilling to watch foreigners control China come to join him. He also became famous among the bandits. At his peak, his subordinates even had more than 30,000. After
has a certain material and organizational foundation, Zhang Qing's military strength has gradually emerged. 's combat experience in the rebel army and the regular army made him feel as if he was in water, and he also strived to be formal and perfected in the reorganization of the army. Whether he is fighting with other bandits or fighting with warlords, he can find the right direction of battle.
During this period, Zhang Qing was in full swing, and more than 30,000 troops made ordinary officers and soldiers not even dared to fight him. He often threatened foreigners, which made the officers and soldiers afraid of their hands and feet and had no idea how to start.
It is precisely because Zhang Qing targeted foreigners many times that foreigners in western Henan and northern Anhui were panicked. Therefore, the foreign ambassador to China strongly demanded that the Beiyang warlords send troops to Zhang Qing.
At the same time, Wu Peifu never stopped pursuing Zhang Qing. However, after several unsuccessful exterminations, Wu Peifu had to change his strategy and implement a recruitment policy to Zhang Qing.
recruitment and enrollment, and the weapons faced each other and faced with the army's pressure, Zhang Qing was indeed powerless and had to temporarily accept the adaptation.
However, after Wu Peifu incorporated Zhang Qing's army, he was unwilling to allocate food and salary to him as agreed, which naturally made Zhang Qing dissatisfied. Later, Zhang Qing repeatedly asked for military expenses but failed, and was furious and broke up with Wu Peifu again and faced each other with weapons.
923, Zhang Qing led his subordinates to counterattack many times, and the battlefields were spread across Henan, Hubei, Sichuan and Anhui. Zhang Qing also survived death several times in the hands of the enemy.However, in 1924, Zhang Qing and his group were defeated many times and suffered heavy casualties. In the end, only more than 200 subordinates were left with Zhang Qing and still resisting tenaciously. In early January, Zhang Qing was shot and killed by his subordinate Ding Baocheng. Later, Ding Bao became a surrender to show his goodwill and sent Zhang Qing's body to Kaifeng hanging beam for public display.
The bandit leader of the first generation failed to die on the battlefield, but died under the gun of his companions, which was also the helplessness of fate.
Zhang Qing, as a well-known bandit leader in Henan, may have become a bandit just to survive. At first, he also strictly required his subordinates to establish military rules. However, as the number of subordinates increases, the management of personal behavior will only gradually lose control.
No matter what the original intention is, the existence of bandits has truly harmed the interests of the people. During the war, I always followed the poem "Hang Hao" by Zhang Yanghao, "The people suffer; the people suffer" .
