In 1072, Alp Arslan died and his 17-year-old son Malik Shah succeeded him. Taking advantage of the transition between the old and new rulers of the Seljuk Empire, Shams-ul-Molkh, the then ruler of the Halakhanid dynasty in the Transoxiana region, invaded Khorasan and occupied Bal

1072, Alp Arslan died, and his 17-year-old son Malik Shah succeeded to the throne.

Taking advantage of the transition between the old and new rulers of the Seljuk Empire , the then ruler of the Halakhan dynasty in the Transoxiana region, Shams Ul Molk, invaded Khorasan and occupied Balkh . The newly appointed Malik Shah immediately launched a war against the Hara Khan dynasty.

When the Seljuk army advanced to Samarkand, Shams had to ask for peace, and finally surrendered to Malik Shah. Malik Shah handed over Balkh to his younger brother Takash, but soon Takash rebelled. For this reason, Malik Shah sent troops twice to suppress Takash, and in 1084 he sent people to gouge out Takash's eyes. Prior to this, in 1078, Malik Shah's uncle Ka'ud launched a rebellion in Qi'erman. Malik Shah sent troops to suppress it and sentenced Ka'ud to hanging .

These events showed that, despite the shrewd management of Persian Prime Minister Nicham ul-Mork, Malik Shah was leading his Ghuz tribe to accept an Arab-Persian state system with him as sultan , is still very difficult. Both the Mork and Persian bureaucracies sought to limit the role of the Seljuk tribal confederacy to that of the Turkic Guards in the past.

However, it is indeed an extremely difficult task to make these restless clan members obey orders and to make these uncivilized nomads settle on the land. Finally, Sultan Malik Shah and Prime Minister Mork agreed that the adventure of the Seljuk Empire must be established on a stable basis, and these nomads of the Ghuz tribe must be forced to accept the settled lifestyle of the Persians . This makes Seljuk the traditional Persian Empire . Malik Shah himself was very happy to continue the lineage of the ancient Iranian Shahs in the luxurious palace of the capital Isfahan.

1080, in order to oppose the Harahan dynasty in the northeast, Malik Shah launched the second expedition to the river, attacking the successor of Shams Ul Molk and his nephew Ahmad. Malikshah first imprisoned Ahmad, and later appointed him as his vassal in Samarkand.

In 1081, Malik Shah's cousin Suliman ibn Kutumish, a Seljuk youth, was not under his control and settled in Nicaea in Asia Minor, which was very detrimental to Byzantium. The Byzantines, who were in the middle of a civil war at the time, rashly asked Suliman for help, and Suliman finally established the Seljuk Roman Sultanate . The Sultanate of Roma first took Nicaea as its capital, and then moved its capital to Ikon.

As a settled regime, the Seljuk Empire actually only controlled Persia, but the independent Guz tribal alliance was very active in the former Byzantine territory of Asia Minor. Some of these Guz tribes are led by young Seljuk tribes like Suliman, while others are led by Turkic chiefs of unknown origin. Like the Danishmend emirs of Cappadocia, these tribes apparently ruled Sivas and Caesarea from 1084 onwards.

With the migration of the wandering Guz tribe, these ancient civilization areas were divided by them in the way of Kyrgyz grassland. In order to avoid these wandering "brothers" and prevent the rich Iranian territory from being invaded by them, the sultans of the Seljuk Empire chose to place them on the border in Asia Minor. This explains the fact well-why Persia itself was not Turkized, but Anatolia became the second Turkestan.

Among these independent Guzi tribes, chiefs fought for the spoils of war. In 1086, after occupying large areas of Asia Minor, Suliman ibn Qutumish attacked Syria . He had a war conflict with Malik Shah's brother Tutusi in Syria. Tutusi had opened up a fief for himself in Damascus in 1079, and the two sides fought a war for Damascus near Aleppo. .Tutus killed Suliman and annexed Aleppo to Damascus.

In 1087, just as Tutusi was preparing to establish an independent Seljuq kingdom in Aleppo, his brother Malik Shah came to Syria and forced Tutusi to hand over Aleppo and retreat to Damascus. Malik Shah held an audience ceremony in Aleppo to redistribute the chiefs' fiefdoms comprehensively.

Like their predecessors, Malik Shah devoted his life to legitimizing the conquest of the western territories. He mainly adopted two methods of conquest: one was to let a Guz team use nomadic migration to infiltrate into the territories of the Eclidean dynasty around Syria and Greece in Asia Minor; the other was to use websites such as In the event of civil strife such as the Byzantine Empire and the Arab Empire , direct invasion would be adopted.

In the Persian region, Malik Shah relied on Prime Minister Mork to implement traditional Arab-Persian administration and maintain a unified situation. In the East and Syria, Malik Shah relied entirely on his own militaristic politics for control. In Asia Minor, because the mountains are high and the emperor is far away, the Guzi tribe here is in a state of complete anarchy.

1092, Malik Shah died, and the areas ruled by the Seljuk Empire immediately fell into a state of anarchy. The following year, Malik Shah's eldest son Balki Yaruk succeeded to the throne and was revolted by all his relatives. The first to rebel against him was his uncle Tutusi, who had once again annexed Aleppo to his territory of Damascus and attempted to seize Persia. On February 26, 1095, Tutusi was defeated and died near Lai. From then on until 1104, Balkiyaluk was at war with his relatives.

Finally, he was forced to divide Persia with them, and the Seljuq Empire was divided into three kingdoms: Balki Yaruk and his brothers held the Persian Sultanate; the sons of Tutusi held Aleppo and Kingdom of Damascus ; Suliman's son Qezor Arslan owned the Sultanate of Asia Minor.