First, on the eve of the war, Fu Rong opposed Fu Jian's expedition to Jin. Fu Rong cried bitterly and advised Fu Jian not to go south to conquer Jin. Fu Rong had already told Fu Jian all the difficulties faced by the former Qin Dynasty at this time. Attacking the Jin Dynasty not

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The first character is Fu Rong .

Fu Rong was Fu Jian's biological brother, former Qin Yang Pinggong, and was also the commander-in-chief of the former Qin Dynasty in this war. It can be said that it is very tragic to be killed by and Eastern Jin Dynasty at the beginning of the war. There are three reasons for saying that he is miserable.

First, on the eve of the war, Fu Rong opposed Fu Jian's expedition to Jin. Fu Rong cried bitterly and advised Fu Jian not to go south to conquer Jin. Fu Rong had already told Fu Jian all the difficulties faced by the former Qin Dynasty at this time. Not only would the attack on Jin not solve the problem, but it would also cause problems within the former Qin Dynasty. Fu Jian not only refused to listen but appointed him as the chief general.

Second, Fu Jian first sent the Di vanguard army led by Fu Rong all the way south. Fu Rong's department actually went very smoothly at the beginning.

In August, Fu Jian set out and arrived in Xiangcheng. In fact, until Fu Jian arrived in Xiangcheng, Fulong's tribe had a confrontation with Xie Yan's tribe, and they won all the way. Fu Rong pulled out Shouchun and sent Murong Chui's troops to attack Yun City. Fu Rong General Liang Cheng was stationed in Luojian. At this time, the deployment of the former Qin was quite orderly. As a result, the former Qin's Xie Shi, Xie Xuan, Huan Yi, and Xie Yan's land and water forces were unable to complete their assembly, and were blocked by the former Qin, and Fu Rong's troops also intercepted them. Knowing that the Jin military headquarters in Xia Shi was out of food supplies, Fu Rong sent someone to secure the military aircraft to Fu Jian.

"Book of Jin" records that Fu Rong's letter was written like this. "Thieves are young and easy to capture, but if they are afraid of getting away, it is better to advance quickly and capture the commander of the thieves." Fu Rong meant that Jin soldiers were few and easy to capture, but he was worried that they would escape, so the armies should speed up their advance and capture the Jin generals in a desperate manner.

To be fair, Fu Rong's judgment at this time was not wrong, but Fu Jian's understanding was wrong. Fu Jian abandoned the 600,000 troops in Xiangcheng and led 8,000 light cavalry directly to Shouchun. When Fu Rong saw Fu Jian, he was stunned and asked him to speed up his march. It would be better for him to leave the army in Xiangcheng and come here alone. What is this, what kind of romance is this? I really don’t know what Fu Jian was thinking. Did he really want to give Fulong a romance? Hahaha. As a result, when I inspected with Fu Rong the night before, I was shocked. I thought all the vegetation on Bagong Mountain were the Jin army. They said that the grass and trees were all soldiers, and I was surprised that Fu Rong said there were few Jin soldiers. There were obviously many people. According to current parlance, this is called seeking death.

Third, on the eve of the decisive battle, Xie Xuan sent a message to Fu Jian, asking the former Qin army to retreat and allowing the Eastern Jin Dynasty's Beifu soldiers to engage in a decisive battle with the former Qin's cavalry. Fu Rong knew that because of Fu Jian's character, no one could stop him from attacking Jin, so he did not advise Fu Jian not to agree to Xie Xuan. As a result, the Eastern Jin army attacked when they were halfway across the Qin Dynasty, and Fu Rong was killed.

So the most tragic character in this war is Fulong.

Because he himself was not willing to do it, and he already knew the outcome of the war, but he had to do it.

The saddest thing in life is to do helpless things.

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The second character is Fu Jian.

"This son is handsome in appearance, extraordinary in character, and very handsome."

Fu Jian was a very ambitious emperor. Fu Jian had prepared for a long time to conquer Jin. On the eve of the Battle of Feishui , The Battle of Huainan was launched.

In the first stage, in 378, the southern general Fu Pi was sent to attack Xiangyang and captured the Xiangyang defender Zhu Xu.

In the second stage, it was difficult for Peng Chao to attack Pengcheng. It was a pity that the former Qin Dynasty was defeated.

In 383 AD, Fu Jian sent Fu Rong, the general who conquered the south and the prime minister of the current dynasty, Yangping Gong, Hussar general Zhang Hao, Fujun general Fu Fang, Guards general Liang Cheng, and Pingnan general Murong Wei to lead the infantry and cavalry. The 250,000-strong vanguard set out from Chang'an in early August and headed south to Jiankang.

Fu Jian personally led more than 600,000 infantry and 270,000 cavalry, stretching thousands of miles in front and behind, facing each other. In September, Fu Jian crossed the Huaihe River and arrived at Xiangcheng.

Schematic diagram of the Qin army going south

It can be seen that Fu Jian's former Qin formation was huge. At first, Fu Jian was full of confidence in this war. In Chang'an, he had built mansions and appointed official positions for the emperors and ministers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. I'm just waiting for the world to be one family after the war, the five ethnic groups will be united, and the world will be unified.

It’s just that all his wishful thinking turned out to be his carelessness. The war began to reach a turning point when he received Fulong’s letter, abandoned the army, and led eight thousand Qingqi to Shouchun.

His subordinates tried to stop him by saying "he would not do anything", but he did not listen. In fact, Fu Jian's original role in this war should be Xie An, sitting in the rear and serving as the commander-in-chief, but he did not. Thinking of himself as Xie Shi, in this way, there is no character like Wang Meng to play the opposite Xie An.

Moreover, Fu Jian’s biggest characteristic is that he is too kind. After capturing Xiangyang guard Zhu Xu, he trusted him unconditionally and instead asked Zhu Xu to persuade Xie Shi to surrender. As a result, Zhu Xu directly sent a letter to Xie Shi, informing Xie Shi of all the arrangements of the former Qin Dynasty. Zhu Xu said this: "Although the Qin army has millions of people, it is still marching and scattered. If the troops are concentrated, it will be difficult for the Jin army to resist. The situation is different now. Fu Jian is stationed in Xiangcheng. Fu Rong is in Shouchun, Liang Cheng is in Luojian, and Murong Chui is still in Yuncheng. At this moment, we should take advantage of the fact that the Qin army has not all arrived to rendezvous, and launch an attack quickly. As long as we can defeat its forward and weaken its energy, we can Defeated Qin's million-strong army. "Zhu Xu was actually an undercover agent of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and such an undercover agent still stayed with Fu Jian.

Sure enough, as soon as Fu Jian arrived in Shouchun, Fulong received the news of Liang Cheng's defeat in Luojian. Liu Laozhi defeated the former Qin's 50,000 troops with 5,000 Beifu soldiers, and beheaded Liang Cheng and others. Ten former Qin generals.

Battle of Luojian

In fact, at this time, the advantage of the war had not obviously shifted to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The real mistake was Fu Jian's next decision.

Xie Xuan, the former pioneer of the Eastern Jin Army who was actually in charge, sent a letter to Fu Jian. Xie Xuan's letter was very interesting.

"You are deeply alone, approaching Feishui and setting up a formation. This is a plan for a protracted war. How does it look like you want to fight? If the troops retreat slightly, allowing the soldiers of the two armies to fight, I and you will watch the battle immediately, no Isn't it great? I have never seen the Qin Army's cavalry, and I, the soldiers of the Jin Dynasty, have never fought against you. Wouldn't it be a great pity if I could see the Qin Army's cavalry? , and you can also see the heroic appearance of our soldiers in the north. Isn't this a good thing? I hope you will adopt it. I will wait for you to come and watch the battle in Feishui Pan. "

All the officials in the former Qin Dynasty couldn't figure out what medicine Xie Xuan was selling in the gourd, so they all tried to persuade him. Fu Jian asked not to act rashly, but Fu Jian told the ministers his plan to attack halfway, but he didn't know that this was Xie Xuan's plan. As a result, the army of the former Qin Dynasty was retreating according to the art of war, and the army of the Eastern Jin Dynasty launched an attack.

The results after the war were relatively clear. After this war, the former Qin Dynasty was no longer able to rule the various forces in the north.

The previously unified Xianbei , Qiang and other tribal chiefs in the north rebelled and established a separatist regime. Murong Chui of Xianbei fled back to his hometown of former Yan and besieged Yecheng . Tuoba Gui, the grandson of Daishi Yijian, also became king in Niuchuan and restored the country; Qiang Yao Chang and others also rose up again; Ding Ling and Wuwan continued Rebellion. The North was once again divided. Fu Jian did not expect that a war would split his empire so quickly. This emperor whose heart was for the world and who wanted to unify all nine states had never thought about it, but that was the fact, and history would not go back.

Fu Jian was forced by Murong Chong and escaped from Chang'an. Later, he was captured by Yao Chang and asked for the national jade seal. How can it be that the jade seal passed down from the state is given to Ruqiang? The picture shows the order of Ruqiang. What is the basis for it? Fu Jian put forward two concepts, one is the "Five Hus", and the other is the issue of "the order of the Five Hus". In fact, the five barbarians are Hu, Jie, Xianbei, Di and Qiang. It has the name of Qiang. What Fu Jian wants to scold here is Yao Chang personally, which means that you, the person who killed the emperor, do not deserve to get Jade Seal . Yao Chang couldn't get the jade seal, so he killed Fu Jian.

It is a pity that Fu Jian, an ambitious emperor, had his country subjugated in a war. It is indeed tragic.

In fact, Fu Jian’s original intention in launching this war was not to invade aggressively and destroy lives. On the contrary, he still thinks about conquest but not war. What he wants to do is to unify China. In the history of our country, unification cannot be based on blood but on cultural level. Those with low culture are subordinated to those with high culture, and inferior culture is subordinated to higher culture. The highest culture is the gentry in Han people . If you want to unify the Han people and the various barbarians, you must admire Hanization. If you want to Sinicize, you must admire the Chinese. And there is nothing better than respecting the Han people than the gentry. At that time, most of the clothes and clothes in the Central Plains traveled with the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Jiang, Han orthodoxy seems to be in the south. If we do not invade the Eastern Jin Dynasty, we will not be able to occupy the position of Han orthodoxy, and we will not be able to surrender to the Xianbei and other tribes. Fulong said to Fu Jian, "Your Majesty favored the Xianbei, Qiang, and Jiebu tribes. The old human race drove them to Xia Fang. Now that the country has moved away, if there is a change in the wind and dust, what will happen to its ancestral temple?" How could Fu Jian not know the hidden worries that Fulong mentioned? The reason why Fu Jian wanted to go south was precisely because he understood that the ethnic issue had not been resolved. Only by moving south to replace the Eastern Jin Dynasty could this thorny problem be solved. Unexpectedly, he was defeated in Feishui.

Fu Jian's purpose was to solve the national problem through war, but in the end he was defeated and the country was destroyed. Therefore, Fu Jian is also a tragic figure, which is sad. Throughout the ages, ethnic issues have never been so easy to resolve.

-03-

The third character is Murong Chui.

Murong Chui, one of the Four Murong Heroes

Murong Chui can be said to be the beneficiary of this war.

Fu Jian's arrangement was to use Yangping Gongfu Rongdu Zhang Hao, Murong Chui and other 250,000 cavalry as the vanguard, all the way south, only taking Jiankang, and Yao Chang as Longxiang general to supervise the military affairs of Yi and Liang.

In October, Murong Chui attacked Yun City. It can be said that Murong Chui's troops also made a certain contribution in the beginning. Fu Jian had to divide Murong Chui's elite troops here because Huan's troops were strong on the western front.

From this point, it can also be proved that Fu Jian wanted to solve the national problem through this war. Let Murong Chui, Yao Chang and Huan Chong fight. It is best for Huan Chong to destroy Murong Chui and Yao Chang. At this time, Fu Jian, Fu Rong, and the Xie family were fighting. They thought that after the war was won, even the emperor would reach Chang'an. At that time, even if Huan Chong won, he would not have to surrender. Fu Jian's wishful thinking was quite good. .

In the Battle of Feishui, Murong Chui's army did not participate in order to survive. Fu Jian did not expect that it was his own Di troops who were defeated, while the Xianbei troops led by Murong Chui remained unscathed.

Later, Murong Chui asked to go to Yecheng after the defeat of Fu Jian and Feishui, because Xianbei's base was in Guandong.

At this time, Fu Pi was stationed in Yecheng, so Murong Chui began to fight Fu Pi again. Murong Chui besieged the city. Fu Pi asked Xie Xuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty for help. Xie Xuan sent Liu Laozhi to rescue him. Fu Pi, Liu Laozhi, and Murong Chui were three. There were many episodes among the people. In August 1385, Fu Jian was killed by Yao Chang, and Fu Pi became the emperor. The Yan army took the opportunity to enter Yecheng.

html In 1386, Murong Chui proclaimed himself emperor and established Houyan .

Prior to this, Guanzhong had Xiyan established by Murong Hong. Later, the people who came to the throne were Murong Chong and Murong Yong.

Murong Chui later destroyed Xi Yan. The subsequent wars were almost all fought against and Tuoba's .

-04-

The fourth character is Yao Chang.

Before the war, Yao Chang was named General Longxiang by Fu Jian. Fu Jian said, "In the past, I built my career with Longxiang, and I did not teach people lightly. Please encourage them!" Fu Jian had high hopes for him, not to mention this. High hopes are true or false.

In fact, Fu Jian also had plans against foreigners such as Qiang and Xianbei in the Battle of Feishui. He sent Murong Chui and Yao Chang to deal with Huan Chong. It was best for them to lose both sides, thus realizing his original plan of using war to solve national issues. His long-cherished wish, but what about Fu Jian? He and Fulong's people had better persuade Xie An to surrender, and then Sima Yao and Xie An and other monarchs and ministers would be brought directly back to Chang'an, thus realizing his million-strong army can be conquered without fighting. As a result, Fu Jian's wishful thinking was indeed very good.

However, in the Battle of Feishui, Yao Chang did nothing. He made no big achievements and suffered no big losses. On the contrary, Fu Jian's own people returned home defeated.

After the Battle of Feishui, Murong Hong of Xianbei rebelled. Fu Jian sent Yao Chang and Fu Rui to conquer, but unfortunately they were defeated and Fu Rui also died in the battle. Yao Chang sent someone to plead guilty to Fu Jian, but Fu Jian was killed directly. , Yao Chang rebelled.

In fact, I don’t know whether Yao Chang’s rebellion was intentional or unintentional, but Fu Jian made a mistake at this time. If Fu Jian didn’t kill the person Yao Chang sent to plead guilty, I don’t know if Yao Chang would rebel. As an emperor, has he lost his mind at this time? Whether he was really furious and wanted to kill Yao Chang is unknown.

After Yao Chang rebelled, he began to cooperate with Murong Chong. In 385, Fu Jian was forced by Murong Chong and escaped from Chang'an. Yao Chang sent troops to capture him. Later, he asked for the jade seal passed down to the country, and Fu Jian cursed. Yao Chang killed Fu Jian and officially proclaimed himself emperor. He established the Later Qin Dynasty and was called the "King of Qin for Ten Thousand Years".

This Yao Chang is Fu Jian's barbarian to the end. Fu insists that he will be the King of Qin. It would be better for him to directly call him the King of Qin for ten thousand years. The story of Yao Chang behind

is also more interesting. It mainly involves fighting with Fu Deng. Yao Chang lost to Fu Deng, and Fu Deng's descendants lost to Yao Chang's descendants.

-05-

The fifth character is Murong Chong.

Phoenix Emperor Feng Huang Zhi Afang

In fact, Murong Chong has nothing to do with the Battle of Feishui. Putting him here is just that he is the complete beneficiary.

After the Battle of Feishui, Fu Jian's Di troops were severely damaged, and other Di troops were divided into garrison in Shandong. After Fu Jian returned to Chang'an, he had to use the Xianbei troops of Murong Hong and Murong Chong, but he did not want Murong to Hong and Murong rebelled, and they lacked Di soldiers to resist, so Fu Jian had to use Qiang soldiers, but the Qiang people rebelled again. He was truly the most tragic figure at that time!

Murong Chong cooperated with Yao Chang. Murong Chong invaded Chang'an and Fu Jian had to flee. After Murong Chong captured Chang'an, he began to covet the prosperity of Chang'an. However, the Xianbei soldiers wanted to return to Guandong, but at this time there was Murong Chui in Guandong. Murong Chong was afraid of Murong Chui. Later Murong Chong was killed by his subordinate Han Yan. The most beautiful man in the Five Hus and Sixteen Kingdoms died like this.

The fate of the five major figures related to the former Qin Dynasty was changed by a war. The first and second tragic figures were none other than Fu Rong, Fu Jian, and Di people.

As the saying goes, the snipe and the clam fight, and the fisherman wins. The beneficiaries of the war are Xianbei Murongchui, Murong Chong, Qiang Yao Chang and other foreigners.

Fu Jian had great ambitions but could not realize them. It is pitiful and miserable. This is destiny, and destiny cannot be violated.

suddenly thought of a poem: "I have so many talents in vain, but I have never opened my arms in my life."Where are the birds and the fallen flowers? The bamboos are dead and the tung trees are withered and the phoenixes are not coming. "" Crying for Li Shangyin" written by Cui Jue expresses regret for Li Shangyin's lack of talent. It is quite appropriate to use it on Fu Jian.