Rouran, one of the ancient ethnic minorities, was active in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. Its clan name was not unified in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Southern Dynasties, it was called "Rui Rui". "Book of Southern Qi" records: "Rui Rui Lu, miscellaneous Hu outside the Great Wall" Also, the name of "Xixue" in the Northern Dynasties is "Xixue, a descendant of Donghu". It is worth mentioning that the name "Xixue" was attributed to Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Tuoba Tao was given to them, and it was very discriminatory. "Book of Wei" records that Tuoba Tao "was ignorant and looked like an insect, so he changed his name to Weiwei." Northern Wei Emperor Tuoba Tao believed that Rouran people were a group of people with low intelligence and ignorant behavior, and ridiculed him They were like a group of bugs that couldn't think, so they ordered everyone in the Northern Wei Dynasty to call them "worms".
The clan name "Rouran" is the self-proclaimed name of the ethnic group. "Book of Wei" and " Northern History " both clearly record: "Self-named Rouran".
Regarding the meaning of "Rouran", there are different interpretations in history. Shiratori Kuji explained it as "wise" in "Tonghu Ethnic Research"; Fujita Toyohachi explained it in "Research on the History of East-West Negotiation" It is "laws and etiquette"; Uchiguchi Yinfeng is in "Historical Research on the History of Kita Aya". The name of a type of grass grown on their territory.
The ethnic origin of the "Rouran" ethnic minority has not yet been determined to this day. There are many theories, including Donghu, Xianbei, Xiongnu, and Zahu. The "Book of Southern Qi", which was the earliest biography of Rou Rui, said that Rou Rui was a "miscellaneous Hu outside the Great Wall". The so-called "Miscellaneous Hu", according to historian Wang Yikang: "Hu is originally the specific name of the Xiongnu, but the tribal composition of the Xiongnu empire is complex. To show the difference, the tribes other than the Xiongnu tribe are called "Zahu". Therefore, the so-called "Zahu" in the Wei and Jin Dynasties refers to those who had political affiliation or blood relationship with the Xiongnu tribe after the disintegration of the Xiongnu Empire. Related tribes. "Although the "Book of Southern Qi" says that weak people are Zahu, the term "Zahu" is too general. After all, except for the Xiongnu Chanyu tribe, all other people who are dependent on the Xiongnu can be called Zahu.
"Song Book" says that Rou Rui is a "different species of Xiongnu", which is a branch of the Xiongnu.
"Wei Book" says that Rou Rui is a "descendant of Donghu". Donghu is an ancient ethnic group in northeastern China that appeared in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. It is composed of large and small tribes with the same ethnic origin and each with its own name. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was divided into two major branches, Wuhuan and Xianbei. According to the "Book of Wei", the core of weakness is the Mugulu tribe. This tribe is named after its founder, "Mugulu". The Mugulu were originally slaves captured by Liwei, the ancestor of the Xianbei Tuoba clan . Because of his military exploits on the battlefield, he "removed slaves from becoming cavalry". This record in "Book of Wei" does not directly indicate that Rouran is a branch of the Xianbei ethnic group with Xianbei ancestry, but if the records in "Book of Wei" are accurate, Rouran should be a descendant of the Hu people who became Xianbei , and also They are considered Xianbei people.
Later, Rouran Khan Anahu who submitted to the Northern Wei Dynasty once said to Wei Xiaoming Emperor Yuan Xu: "The origin of my ancestors is from the Great Wei Dynasty." At this time, the ruler of the Northern Wei Dynasty was the Tuoba clan of Xianbei. Na Yu said that his ancestors came from the Northern Wei Dynasty, which shows that he also believed that his ethnic group came from the Xianbei people.
After talking about the clan name and clan affiliation of "Rouran", today we will focus on the rise and demise of Rouran, and where the Rouran clan went after their country was destroyed.
As mentioned above, the ancestor of Rouran was named "Mu Gulu". Around the middle of the 3rd century AD, that is, during the Western Jin Dynasty, the young Mu Gulu was killed by the army of Xianbei Suo, the ancestor of the Northern Wei Emperor Tuoba Liwei He was kidnapped as a slave. Because he was bald and forgot his name, he was named "Mu Gu Lu" by his owner. When he came of age, Mu Gulu made great achievements on the battlefield. His master granted him freedom and allowed him to serve as a cavalryman and belong to the Tuoba clan of Xianbei.
At the end of the 3rd century, when Tuoba Liwei's grandson Tuoba Yilu was ruling the Tuoba Tribe, Mugulu was forced to "hide in the vast valleys of the vast desert" due to the crime of "being beheaded in the later period". There were more than a hundred slaves who established their own tribe, and later attached themselves to the Hetu Neighbor Tribe in the Xinshan area in the north of Yinshan Mountain.
After Mu Gulu died, his son Chelu would inherit the tribe. Cheluhui was a talented and strategic hero. Under his leadership, the tribe continued to annex the surrounding weaker tribes, plundering a lot of people and wealth from these tribes, gradually strengthening itself, and becoming independent from its neighboring tribes. , and became a hereditary noble recognized by the Xianbei tribe. It was during the reign of Cheluhui that the tribe founded by Mugulu had its own clan name, which was "Rouran". Later, Rouran adopted "Yu Jiulu" (a close pronunciation of "Mu Gu Lu" as "Yu Jiulu") as the royal surname, and Chelu Hui changed its name to "Yu Jiulu Chelu Hui".
Of course, Rouran at this time was not as powerful as it was after the establishment of the Rouran Khanate. Compared with large tribes like the Xianbei Tuoba tribe, it was still very weak. It would be easy for the Tuoba clan to touch him, just like stepping on them. It is as simple as killing an ant . Therefore, in order to survive, although the Chelu Hui broke away from the Hetu Neighbor Tribe, they did not choose to break away from the Xianbei Tuoba Tribe. Instead, they continued to submit to the Tuoba Tribe, "paying tribute to horses, livestock, minks and pigeon skins every year."
After the death of Cheluhui, through Tunupuppet, Badi, and Suyuanzu, after four generations of Rouran's transition from being attached to the neighboring tribes of Hetu to being "attached to Weichen and then to me", the overall strength is still the same. They are relatively weak and do not have enough strength to "stand on their own as kings". In order to survive, they can only swing left and right, relying on whoever is stronger, so they can survive in the cracks and preserve themselves. At the same time, Rouran was not only weak at this time, but also split into two after the death of Dili Yuan: Pihouba, the eldest son of Dili Yuan, ruled the weak eastern territory; and Jianheti, the second son of Dili Yuan, ruled the western territory of Rouran. .
itself was weak, and in the end it fell into division, dividing the already weak tribe into two again. It was strange that Rouran was not annexed. In the first year of the reign of the Kingdom (386), Tuoba Gui, Taizu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, took advantage of the fact that the former Qin Dynasty was defeated in the Battle of Feishui and fell into disintegration. He claimed to be the acting king in Niuchuan and rebuilt the Dai Kingdom. Du Shengle (now Helinger County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) changed the country's name to "Wei" in April of the same year and called himself King of Wei. After Tuoba Gui reestablished the Dai Kingdom, he began to conquer the Xianbei tribes by force and reaffirmed the Tuoba clan's absolute dominance over the Xianbei tribal alliance.
In the fifth year of his accession to the country (390), after Tuobagui defeated Kucaoxi and other tribes, he set his sights on the Gaoche tribes, and soon sent troops to the Gaoche tribes. As soon as the Northern Wei army arrived, the tribes of Gaoche, who had already become frightened, surrendered. However, there was only one tribe that did not take the initiative to surrender, and that was Ruowu.
In order to kill the chicken to show the monkeys and let other tribes who had not yet surrendered to Wei see the consequences of not surrendering, Tuobagui sent troops to conquer Rouran in October of the sixth year of the reign of the Kingdom (391). At this time, the Northern Wei army was in full force, attacking with the remaining power of destroying all the tribes. How could the Rouran army resist it? In order to preserve its own strength, Rouran could only retreat and retreat quickly towards the rear. Although the Rouran army retreated on its own initiative, the Northern Wei army still did not give up the attack and continued to pursue, hoping to completely eliminate Rouran who dared to resist them. In order to catch up with the Rouran Army, the Northern Wei Army spared no effort. When the rations were exhausted, they killed the war horses to prepare for the army. Finally, they met the main force of the Rouran Army at Nanbed Mountain. The Rouran Army was defeated. The Northern Wei Army "broken them and captured them." Half." Pihouba and Jianheti were forced to surrender.
After Pihouba and Jianhe surrendered to the Wei Dynasty, their fates were different: Pihouba was relatively honest. After surrendering to the Northern Wei Dynasty, he did not engage in small tricks, let alone re-examine, and obeyed the rule of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Therefore, the Pihouba tribe was completely preserved and allowed to continue to stay in his own territory; compared with his elder brother, Jianhuti was quite dishonest and often made small moves behind the Northern Wei Dynasty's back, and also defected several times, so Tuoba Gui He was quite worried about the Mianheti tribe. In order to prevent the Mianheti tribe from causing trouble to him, Tuobagui dismantled the Mianheti tribe and the tribe was divided among other tribes.
Tuoba Gui's guard against the Ganheti tribe was not unreasonable, because it was Shelun, the son of the Ganheti tribe, who created the prosperous age of Rouran and was an enemy of the Northern Wei Dynasty for a hundred years. In the ninth year of the reign of the Kingdom (394), Jianheti's sons Hodo Khan and Shelun "led their troops to abandon their father and go westward" in an attempt to get rid of the control of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Jianheti tribe rebelled again, and Tuoba Gui naturally would not let them leave so arrogantly, so he quickly sent general Changsun Fei to lead his troops to pursue them. "Changsun Fei Qingqi chased them to Shangjun Bana Mountain, and beheaded Heduo Khan, they were all killed. Shelun and hundreds of people rushed to Pihouba. "
After Shelun was defeated, there were only a hundred people left, so he had to seek refuge with his uncle Pihouba. Based on various considerations, Pihouba did not kill him completely, but chose to accept him and his hundreds of remnants. Of course, Pihouba did not have 100% trust in his nephew. He placed Shelun and his tribe five hundred miles away from the Khan's court, and then asked his four sons to lead his tribe to surround him for convenience. Control him if there is any abnormal movement. But "She Lun is fierce, cunning and has the power to change." Pihouba is a mediocre leader. How can he defeat the fierce, cunning and resourceful She Lun?
Soon after, Pihouba and his four sons were eliminated by Shelun's plan, and all their tribes were annexed. They then plundered the counties west of Wuyuan and fled to Mobei. With Tuoba Gui's character, if he dared to resist him, he would definitely fight to the death. No matter where he went, he would be beaten to the ground. Back then, the Rouran Army ran as far as Nanbed Mountain, and the Northern Wei Army did not give up the pursuit. Even though he killed the war horses to use as rations, he did not return until he caught up with the Rouran Army and defeated it. Therefore, according to common sense, even if Shelun escaped to Mobei, Tuoba Gui would not let him escape from his grasp. However, the fact is that the Northern Wei Dynasty did not pursue him.
Why didn't the Northern Wei Dynasty pursue and attack Shelun who was far away in Mobei as before? In fact, the reason is very simple. At that time, there were more powerful enemies standing in front of Tuoba Gui and his Northern Wei Dynasty. They were the Later Qin , Hou Yan , Western Qin and Southern Dynasty who wanted to compete with the Northern Wei for the control of the Central Plains. Northern regimes such as Yan, and Southern Liang. Compared with countries such as Later Qin and Later Yan, a small character like Shelun really couldn't get into Tuobagui's eyes.
Tuoba Gui would never have thought that just such a Shelun who was still a minor player at the time, the Rouran Khanate ruled by him and his descendants would cause a lot of trouble to the Northern Wei Dynasty and his descendants in the next hundred years.
Just when the Northern Wei Dynasty set its sights on the Central Plains to compete with the northern regimes such as Later Qin and Later Yan, and had no time to visit the north, Rouran, who was far away in Mobei, began to develop and grow under the leadership of Shelun, and when the Xiongnu moved westward After the Xianbei and Xianbei moved south, they flourished and became a powerful nomadic people dominating the north and south of the desert.
It has to be said that Shelun was indeed a talented and strategic hero. Without him, Rouran would not have been able to establish the Rouran Khanate and become a powerful nomadic nation that dominated the north and south of the desert during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. I am afraid that it would have been eliminated by the Xianbei of the Northern Wei Dynasty. ization, the nation ceases to exist.
When She Lun just led his troops to flee to Mobei, adhering to the wretched development principle of "making a fortune silently", he chose to temporarily attach himself to the most powerful tribe in Mobei - the Hulu tribe, relying on Hulu. The department's prestige has gained a firm foothold in Mobei. After gaining a firm foothold, Shelun began to reform the tribal military. "Book of Wei" records: "Beijing disciples were weak Luoshui , and they began to establish military laws: for an army of a thousand, a general will be placed in the army, and a building for a hundred people, and a commander for the building. One person was captured first, and those who retreated were killed first with stones, or they were beaten temporarily. There is no written record. The general counted the number of soldiers with sheep excrement, and later learned that it was recorded on wood. "She Lun was in the tribe." A strict military system and military law were established. An army of a thousand people is commanded by a general; a building of a hundred people is commanded by a general. Those who have merit must be rewarded, and those who have made mistakes must be punished. Those who come out on top in battle will be rewarded generously, and those who retreat will be killed. Under Shelun's military reforms, Rouran's military strength increased significantly.
Soon after, Shelun, whose military strength had greatly increased, began to reveal its hidden sharp fangs. He defeated the Hulu tribe and annexed all the Gaoche tribes, collecting all their troops. Later, when advancing to the northwest, he defeated the remaining Xiongnu tribes. Ba Yeji was stationed in the Kanggan River.For a time, Rouran, which successively annexed all the Gaoche tribes and defeated the remaining Xiongnu tribes, "the land is rich in grass and the people are rich", occupied the lush grassland from the Tula River to the Orkhon River , and dominated the desert. north.
At this time, Shelun, who had the ability to protect himself both in terms of military strength and economic strength, no longer concealed his inner ambition. In the fifth year of Tianxing in the Northern Wei Dynasty (402), he called himself Qiu Doufa Khan and established the Rouhan Empire. Ran Khanate. It was in this year that Shelun completely unified Mobei.
Since then, the Rouran Khanate "has the old home of the Xiongnu, and it has the authority of the Western Regions " "all small countries have suffered from their bandits, and they have attached themselves to it". Its territory starts from the Daxingan Mountains in the east, borders the desert in the south, confronts the Northern Wei Dynasty, and crosses Aer in the west. Mount Tai occupies the Junggar Basin , borders Yanqi to the south of the Tianshan Mountains, and reaches Lake Baikal in the north. It is the absolute overlord of the Western Regions, posing a huge threat to the northern territory of the Northern Wei Dynasty and becoming a serious concern of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
At this time, Tuoba Gui saw that Rouran had grown from a little-known ethnic group to a serious threat to his north. He regretted not killing Rouran and strangling him in the cradle. "Book of Wei" records: "Taizu (Tuoba Gui) said to Shangshu Cui Xuanbo: 'Today Shelun is learning from China and legislating to set up the war, and soldiers will cause danger. Taoism talks about the life of a saint, and big thieves arise, so believe it.' "
Since ancient times, whether it was the Donghu in the Warring States , the Xiongnu in the Western Han Dynasty, or the current Rouran, once the northern nomads became popular, they would invariably turn their attention to the prosperous Central Plains. The living environment of the grasslands was too difficult. It is difficult to survive without food and clothing. The prosperous Central Plains with rich clothing and fine food is too tempting for the northern nomads. They need to obtain the material resources and living space for development by invading the Central Plains.
After Shelun established the Rouran Khanate, in order to get rid of the suppression of the Northern Wei Dynasty, while developing and strengthening its own strength, it also actively sought diplomatic alliances. It successively established offensive and defensive alliances with the hostile regimes of the Northern Wei Dynasty in the Later Qin, Northern Yan and so on. To deal with the increasingly powerful Northern Wei Dynasty. This offensive and defensive alliance specifically aimed at the Northern Wei Dynasty did play a decisive role in the establishment of the Rouran Khanate. The containment of the Northern Wei Dynasty by the Later Qin and Northern Yan provided great help to the strength of Rouran.
After the establishment of the Rouran Khanate, the Northern Wei Dynasty had taken precautions against Rouran for a long time. However, due to the constraints of other northern regimes such as Later Qin and Northern Yan, and the focus of the Northern Wei Dynasty on fighting for the Central Plains, it had to guard against Rouran. The Northern Wei Dynasty focused on defense and rarely took the initiative to attack. Even if Rouran invaded the border, the Northern Wei Dynasty rarely sent troops. Although Rouran continued to harass the Northern Wei Dynasty, due to the huge difference in strength, it was just harassment and did not cause much harm to the Northern Wei Dynasty. Basically, if the Northern Wei Dynasty sent troops, they would flee; if the Northern Wei Dynasty did not send troops, they would loot after some looting. Then he returned to the grassland and could not occupy the Northern Wei city.
In the fifth year of Tianxing (402), Shelun took advantage of Tuobagui's conquest of Later Qin and Yao Xing to invade the Northern Wei Dynasty. The troops reached Shenhepo, which was very close to the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Pingcheng, because at this time Rouran had already Threatening the capital, the Northern Wei Dynasty urgently mobilized troops to resist the Shelun army, but the Shelun army was defeated and fled back to the grassland; in the second year of Tianci (406), Shelun harassed the Wei border, but the Northern Wei Dynasty did not send troops, and the Rouran army plundered and then returned; Yongxing In the first year of the year (409), Rouran violated the fortress and the Northern Wei Dynasty did not send troops.
As we just said, the Northern Wei Dynasty did not have the strength to destroy Rouran, but it was restrained by other northern regimes such as Hou Yan and Later Qin. In order to concentrate on competing with these northern regimes for hegemony in the Central Plains, and Rouran could not cause fatal harm to the Northern Wei Dynasty, so He did not put his heart into Rouran and take a defensive position against him. As long as the Rouran army did not attack with all the troops in the country, if he wanted to plunder, let him plunder and let it go.
However, the Northern Wei Dynasty also understood that Rouran was always a worry for the Northern Wei Dynasty to advance in the Central Plains and even to unify the country. If Rouran was allowed to develop uncontrollably, once its own army was frustrated in the front, Rouran would definitely attack with all the troops from the country. The Northern Wei Dynasty will be a huge threat to the Northern Wei Dynasty by then. Just like after the former Qin army was defeated in the Battle of Feishui, the tribes that had surrendered to the former Qin or did not pose much threat to the former Qin immediately besieged the former Qin. Divide it up, so for the Northern Wei Dynasty, Rouran can only be temporarily abandoned. Once it can escape, it will definitely go back and destroy it.
This is indeed the case.
Just when Shelun led his army to harass the Wei border many times, the Northern Wei army, which had no time to visit the north, won many victories in the war with the Later Yan and Later Qin armies for hegemony in the Central Plains. First, they were defeated in the Battle of Shenhebei. Yan Murong Bao defeated the Later Qin Yaoxing in the Battle of Chaibi. In this way, the Northern Wei army gradually took the initiative in the battle for hegemony in the Central Plains. Later Yan and Later Qin were no longer able to launch an active attack on the Northern Wei. It was at this time that the Northern Wei Dynasty began to launch an active attack on Rouran.
Although the Rouran Khanate is a dominant nomadic regime in the grasslands, its overall national strength pales in comparison to the Northern Wei Dynasty, a behemoth in the north. Once the Northern Wei Dynasty turned around and concentrated its efforts on Rouran, Rouran would undoubtedly be defeated.
In May of the second year of Yongxing (410), Emperor Taizong of the Northern Wei Dynasty Tuoba Si went on a personal expedition and led his troops to the northern expedition to Rouran. Rouran Shelun Khan fled in panic and died of illness during the retreat. The Northern Wei army won the victory. After Shelun's death, because his son Duba was still young, the Rouran tribe supported Helu, Shelun's younger brother, as Khan, and named him Aikugai Khan. Compared with Shelun, Hulu had a very clear understanding of the comparison of strength between himself and the Northern Wei. He knew that Rouran would definitely not be able to defeat the Northern Wei at this time. He could only live in peace with the Northern Wei and then develop east-west and occupy more territory. Only by strengthening the land and population can we defeat the Northern Wei Dynasty.
In this way, during the reign of Hu Lu, Rouran and the Northern Wei Dynasty entered a relatively peaceful period. Rouran began to carry out the Eastern Expedition and the Northern Expedition with all its strength, and won all the victories. Wusun was conquered and the Sogdina city-states were conquered. , plundering and Da Yuezhi , greatly strengthening their own strength. It can be said that if Hu Lu can rule Rouran for decades or longer, Rouran's national power may really be comparable to that of the Northern Wei Dynasty. However, things are always unpredictable. Shen Rui The first year (414) , a generation of British leader Hu Lu died in Rouran's internal strife. Since then, Rouran has completely lost the opportunity to be on par with the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Hu Lu died, and Hu Lu's eldest brother Bu Luzhen became the new Rouran Khan. Bu Luzhen reigned for only one year, and the throne was taken over by Da Tan. After Datan became the Great Khan of Rouran, he changed the strategy of the previous two great Khans to live peacefully with the Northern Wei Dynasty, and began to continuously invade the borders of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Taiwu When Tuoba Tao came to the throne, Da Tan took advantage of the new emperor's unstable footing and political turmoil to attack the Wei border south: "(Da Tan) led 60,000 horses into the clouds, killed and plundered the officials and people, and captured Sheng Le Palace. "In this attack, Datan did not take any advantage. After all, the Tuoba Tao he had to deal with was regarded by the Liu Song Dynasty as a "brilliant figure and military strategist who was unprecedented in history", far surpassing Mao Dun and Tan Shihuai. The hero of . Under Tuoba Tao's strategizing, instead of taking any advantage, Da Tan lost troops and generals.
After Tuoba Tao consolidated his throne, in order to completely solve the threat of Rouran to the northern border, ensure the safety of the capital Pingcheng, and facilitate the future concentration of forces in the southern restricted area to unify the country, Tuoba Tao launched a campaign against Rouran in the second year of Shengen (429). Launched a large-scale attack, attacking Rouran from the east and west. Rouran "was scattered in all directions, hiding in the valleys, livestock was everywhere, and no one was watching." More than 300,000 people surrendered to the Wei Dynasty, and hundreds of tribal chiefs were killed. Rouran's vitality was severely damaged.
At this point, the Northern Wei Dynasty basically eliminated Rouran's threat to itself. In the next fifty years, the Northern Wei Dynasty sent troops to attack Rouran many times, never giving Rouran a chance to grow stronger. From 472 to 473 alone, the Northern Wei Dynasty sent troops to Mobei nine times to attack Rouran.
Under the almost endless attacks of the Northern Wei Dynasty, although Rouran was not destroyed, it fell into internal disintegration. The tribes that originally submitted to Rouran became independent one after another.In the eleventh year of Taihe (487), Chile's deputy Fuluo tribe Afu to Luo led more than 100,000 tribesmen to move westward, breaking away from Rouran's control and reaching the northwest of Cheshi. He established the Gaoche Kingdom and proclaimed himself king. However, with the independence of Chile's deputy Fuluo tribe, Rouran completely lost control of the Western Regions.
In the first year of Zhengguang (520), Rouran was hit hard again. Internal strife broke out among the royal families due to the struggle for the throne of Khan. First, the ugly slave of the Khan was jointly killed by his mother and ministers, and then the ugly slave's younger brother Anahu Gang succeeded him. Ten days after he ascended the throne, he was forced to abdicate by his brother Shifa, and Anayu had no choice but to defect to the Northern Wei Dynasty. After that, Anayu, his brother Brahmin, led tens of thousands of people to defeat Shifa and named himself Oukesheju Khan. Finally, the Brahmin was defeated by the Chile tribe and was forced to surrender to the Northern Wei Dynasty with 100,000 cavalry.
At this time, Rouran was actually dead in name only and was completely controlled by the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Northern Wei Dynasty could destroy the country at any time and collect all its tribes. However, because the Gaoche Kingdom established by Chile's deputy Fuluo tribe at this time was gradually growing, there was a vague trace of Rouran. Xing, in order to curb the growth of Gaoche State, Rouran had the value of existence and was used by the Northern Wei Dynasty as a buffer zone with Gaoche State. Of course, although the Northern Wei Dynasty allowed Rouran to continue to exist, in order to completely cut off the possibility of Rouran continuing to grow, the Northern Wei Dynasty divided Rouran into two divisions. The Anayu tribe was placed in Turuoxi Spring in the north of Huaishuo Town, and the Brahmin tribe was It was placed in Guxihai County near Juyanhai, so that it could contain and resist the increasingly powerful Gaoche State without threatening the Northern Wei border.
In this way, Rouran managed to escape the fate of national subjugation.
Later, because the Northern Wei Dynasty was divided, Rouran took the opportunity to occupy the lands of Mobei and Monan under the leadership of Anahu, defeated the Gaoche Kingdom, occupied most of its territory, and took advantage of the situation again. "The tribes are at peace. Shima was slightly prosperous" and regained some of its former strength, but the time was short-lived.
Just when Rouran once again regained some of its former glory, the Turkic tribe, the former blacksmith of Rouran, rose up and established its own khanate. Northern Qi In the third year of Tianbao (552), the leader of the Turkic tribe Ili Khan united with the Gaoche state to attack Rouran. Anayu committed suicide after being defeated, and Rouran was divided into three parts:
Part of it is in the royal nunnery of Rouran Under the leadership of Chen and others, they attached themselves to the Northern Qi Dynasty, while the eastern and western parts that stayed in Mobei were divided into two parts, each respecting its master. The eastern Rouran was dominated by Tiefen, and the western Rouran was dominated by Uncle Deng.
Soon after, the Turks attacked Rouran in the east again. Rouran in the east was defeated, and Tie Fa led his tribe to surrender to the Northern Qi Dynasty. In the fourth year of Tianbao in the Northern Qi Dynasty (553), An Luochen, who surrendered to Qi, led a rebellion. Emperor Wenxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty Gaoyang was furious and sent troops to conquer. An Luochen was defeated, and all the troops he led were annihilated and ceased to exist.
In the sixth year of Tianbao in the Northern Qi Dynasty (555), the Turks attacked Rouran in the west, and Rouran in the west was defeated. Uncle Deng led thousands of remaining people to surrender to the Western Wei . However, due to the intimidation of the Turks, the Western Wei Dynasty was forced to hand over Uncle Deng and the rest of the army. The Turks and Turks Khan ordered their tribe to be exterminated, and from then on the Western Rouran ceased to exist.
Since then, the Rouran Khanate, the former overlord of the grasslands, has disappeared into the long river of history and ceased to exist, leaving only the legends of Rouran.
After the fall of the Rouran Khanate, most of the scattered Rouran people chose to move westward, and their whereabouts are unknown since then (it is said that the Avars in Byzantine history were the Rouran people who moved westward). A few Rouran people chose to stay. In Mobei, it was eventually converted to Turks and Khitan .
In addition, the Rouran people who were moved to the interior by the Northern Wei Dynasty earlier integrated into Xianbei through mixed living, intermarriage, etc., and were eventually assimilated into the Central Plains Han , Luoyang in Henan, Yanmen, Daijun and other places in Shanxi The ancestors of surnames such as the Yujiulu family, Ruru family, and Ru family were Rouran people.
