At the end of Qin Dynasty, three great people appeared.
The first great man, Chen Sheng Wu Guang, although this couple is two, most historians say it together, so they can be regarded as one person.
This couple did one thing, that is, they took the lead in raising the banner of anti-Qin.
Of course, things ended up losing.
Generally speaking, the first person to eat crabs in in history, is a victim. This is also normal.
However, they left a sentence - "Will the kings, princes, generals and ministers have a seed!"
This sentence is very dangerous, subverting the traditional understanding of the divine authority of the king. Since kings, princes, generals and ministers are not born, everyone can be.
So, the fire of the uprising became a prairie fire on the land of Daqin .
After all, no one wants to be a poor commoner, but they all want to be kings, princes, generals, and ministers, because kings, princes, generals, and ministers can have three wives and four concubines, and can have a wealth of money and can make people eat.
However, if you want to do something, you must have capital, which includes various capabilities, resources, etc.
is not something that anyone can do.
So, so, in the end, only two people were more prominent.
This is the second great man Xiang Yu and the third great man Liu Bang produced at the end of the Qin Dynasty.
History is also a big wave of storm. When the war ends, only two great people are left, which is also quite troublesome.
The reason is that one mountain cannot accommodate two tigers, and one must withdraw from the stage of history, otherwise one cannot dominate.
But, who will let you back? Liu Bang has the most counselors and good generals under him, so he is unwilling to withdraw voluntarily!
So, let Xiang Yu quit voluntarily? Of course, Xiang Yu was not willing to do so. Xiang Yu himself was a war god. Although his advisers were not as strong as Liu Bang, his troops were the most powerful.
Since you are unwilling to withdraw voluntarily, you can only rely on your strength to speak: fight.
Whoever wins, whoever becomes the boss, whoever loses, whoever loses.
wins the king and loses the enemy, and has been performed in the cycle of ancient Chinese history for more than two thousand years.
Putting aside other things, objectively speaking, in terms of the military strength of Xiang Yu and Liu Bang at that time, Xiang Yu was stronger than Liu Bang. Liu Bang himself knew this and was even a little afraid of Xiang Yu.
But Chu and Han struggled to the end, why did Xiang Yu defeat the weak Liu Bang?
When talking to Chairman Mao, who was familiar with history, talked about this history again on January 7, 1964, he said:
"Xiang Yu made three mistakes, such as Hongmen Banquet not listening to Fan Zeng , letting Liu Bang go; Honggou Agreement, he was serious; Jiandu Xuzhou , which was called Pengcheng at that time."
The content of this conversation was included in the first volume of "Mao Zedong's Reading Notes" edited by Chen Jin (1994, Guangdong People's Publishing House ). These three errors of
Xiang Yu are all very famous.
The first error is called Hongmen Banquet.
This error occurred in 206 BC in Hongmenbao Village, Xinfeng Town, about 5 kilometers east of Lintong District, Shaanxi Province. The reason for the
incident was that Liu Bang and Song Yi attacked Qin together. As a result, Liu Bang first entered Guanzhong and stationed in Bashang, which is today's Bailuyuan on the east side of Xi'an.
After Liu Bang defeated the imperial military force in the capital of the Qin army, the last prince of Qin dynasty led his subjects to surrender. The powerful Qin, who was for a while, was like a flash in the pan, and then withdrew from the stage of history.
Then, Liu Bang did two things according to the suggestions of Zhang Liang :
The first thing is: withdraw the troops from Xianyang City and garrison in Bashang .
The second thing is to gather local celebrities, gentry, and people with social prestige to convey their military discipline to them, namely, "Article three chapters with the elders: those who kill people die, those who hurt people and those who steal theft will be punished. I have all removed Qin law ." In this way, I have won the hearts of the people of the Qin land.
In comparison with Xiang Yu's future misunderstandings in Xianyang , Liu Bang is much more clever than Xiang Yu. This is a later story, please press it to not state it for now.
, and soon Xiang Yu broke through , Handan , and rushed to Guanzhong.
When Xiang Yu came, Liu Bang's troops had already controlled the land of Guanzhong.
At this time, a person appeared, named Cao Wushang .
He is the 初小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小�
Of course, Cao Wushang's statement is not groundless, because when he first entered Xianyang, Liu Bang was indeed a little proud. He regarded himself as the King of Guanzhong and lived in the palace of Qin Shihuang , and he hugged each other every day. He had been happy for a few days.
Fan Kuai I felt that Liu Bang would finish this sooner or later, so he quickly made a statement, saying that the world was far from pacified and the situation was complicated, so he was careful to retake the old path of Qin's demise. But Liu Bang was a little "happy" at that time and couldn't listen to anything.
Then, Zhang Liang came.
Zhang Liang has more skills than Fan Kuai's words, but he woke Liu Bang up and immediately did the two things mentioned above.
So, Sima Cao Wushang did not frame Liu Bang.
However, this kid is in Hanying but his heart is in Chu, so there is a problem.
At least, one thing is certain, that is, Cao Wushang has eyes but no beads.
has a wise master, and he doesn't follow him well, but he insists on clinging to Xiang Yu, who seems to be very powerful.
In short, after Xiang Yu received Cao Wushang's message, he felt that Liu Bang dared to challenge him to fight for the world, which was a great deal.
So, at Fan Zeng's suggestion, he prepared to march into Bashang and kill Liu Bang.
A subtitle here. Fan Zeng suggested attacking Liu Bang not because Liu Bang was going to be the King of Guanzhong. But after hearing about Liu Bang's "Three Rules" in Xianyang, he keenly realized that Liu Bang was the emperor's ambition and was Xiang Yu's strong enemy and must be eliminated.
Xiang Yu was quite obedient at this time, so he ordered the army to be reorganized and prepared to start fighting the next day.
As a result, something went wrong at night.
When we look at history, we often find that behind the major historical events are all dramas created by small and fragmented events.
Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Bo , this person is comparable to Cao Wushang.
One is brain drain, and the other is brain drain.
Xiang Bo heard that Xiang Yu was going to beat Liu Bang, so he became anxious because Zhang Liang, who had saved his life, was with Liu Bang.
In fact, this matter is simple to deal with. Just apply to Xiang Yu and let the troops pass by, just don’t kill Zhang Liang.
However, Xiang Bo, the honest man, had to go to Liu Bang's camp in person overnight.
There is nothing to say about being a human being for this. No wonder everyone takes the opportunity to take advantage of it.
As a result, Xiang Bo ran to Zhang Liang to save Zhang Liang, but was instead used by Zhang Liang and Liu Bang.
With Zhang Liang's hint and guidance, Liu Bang met Xiang Bo. He was so obedient that he felt so relieved. Later, Liu Bang also wanted to become a relative of Xiang Bo.
In short, Xiang Bo not only did not rescue Zhang Liang, but ran back and said something good about Liu Bang in front of Xiang Yu.
If you change the hero, you will definitely deal with this matter seriously. During the war, you will run to the enemy camp to reveal the military situation. Not to mention beheading, you will immediately be detained and punished, and use killing chickens to warn the three armies.
But Xiang Yu was not. He not only believed Xiang Bo's one-sided words, but also stopped orders to march.
is really like a joke!
Then, the next day, Liu Bang took Zhang Liang and his party to Xiang Yu's camp to show his obedience.
To be honest, it really takes courage to do this. If you get here and get cut, will you lose all your achievements?
Of course, Liu Bang came and calculated it with his subordinates, and knew that Xiang Yu looked like a man and acted like a woman, and could not kill him.
However, although Xiang Yu acts like a woman, his adviser Fan Zeng is not a woman in his work. He is a cruel character.
Originally, Fan Zeng was very angry when he heard that Xiang Yu was not advancing, but when he heard that Liu Bang was coming, Fan Zeng was no longer angry because he originally killed Liu Bang and wanted to move thousands of troops. Now that Liu Bang has come in person, it is easier to kill.
So Fan Zeng planned to kill Liu Bang at the Hongmen Banquet.
However, at the Hongmen Banquet, Fan Zeng's plan was not successful.
First, he gave Xiang Yu a sign, but Xiang Yu turned a blind eye.
Then Fan Zeng asked to Zhuang Wujian to take the opportunity to kill Liu Bang.
However, Xiang Bo's honest guy was blocking the way and he didn't make it happen.
When Liu Bang saw this attitude, he apologized to Xiang Yu and said what he should say. There was nothing to talk about, so he used the excuse to go to the bathroom and ran away under the cover of Fan Kuai.
Leave Zhang Liang with a bunch of treasures and scattered with Xiang Yu's people.
is over.
A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity in front of Xiang Yu slipped away like this.
No wonder Chairman Mao put this Hongmen Banquet first when talking about Xiang Yu’s mistakes.
I don’t know if Xiang Yu regretted it later. In short, in terms of political skills, Xiang Yu is simply a low-powered man, and his military ability is different from his world.
Another example is the second mistake Xiang Yu made, the diplomatic agreement.
According to Chairman Mao's view, he believed that Xiang Yu was too serious about this agreement.
The so-called diplomatic agreement or diplomatic agreement is a solution that was only planned when the Chu and Han dynasties were in a stalemate and there was no breakthrough yet.
To show sincerity, Xiang Yu sent Liu Bang's family back.
In fact, before this, Xiang Yu made a big mistake, that is, when Bingfeng was invincible, especially after adopting Fan Zeng's strategy, he was preparing to surround Liu Bang in Xingyang and completely kill him.
Liu Bang was so scared that he was half-hearted that he was half-speech. At this moment, Chen Ping offered a counter-espionage plan.
Liu Bang decisively adopted the counter-espionage plan made by Chen Ping. In fact, this plan is extremely incompetent, saying that Fan Zeng and Liu Bang colluded. Anyone with a little brain knows that this is a joke. But Xiang Yu was as innocent as he believed it.
Xiang Yu took back Fan Zeng's power, and this action made Fan Zeng hurt his old nose.
After repeated treatment by Xiang Yu, Fan Zeng was completely disappointed with Xiang Yu-"The lack of a plan!" He resigned grief and angry and left Xiang Yu forever.
If Fan Zeng was there, Xiang Yu would not have reached a dead end.
However, it's all too late. Guangwu confronted each other for several months, and then variables continued to appear, causing Xiang Yu to put out fires everywhere.
, especially , Peng Yue, , was making trouble in , Gucheng, , Xiang Yu was about to destroy him. But the old nest was left without the help of the power, and if Fan Zeng was there, there would be nothing wrong. But without Fan Zeng, Xiang Yu could only let Sima Cao Ju stay. Before leaving, Xiang Yu repeatedly told him to stay in the camp and not go to war. He could return in just fifteen days.
But after Xiang Yu left, this Grand Sima was a brainless master. He could not withstand the temptation of the Han army. He actually led the army to fight, but ended up being defeated and he died.
This defeat is extremely unfavorable for the Chu army.
Fires cannot be extinguished in various places. Although Xiang Yu is strong, he has no clone skills. He ran around like this, but then he was unable to get enough food and supplies.
This is Xiang Yu's dilemma.
Liu Bang's dilemma is that once he fights Xiang Yu, he always fails, so he can only use the geographical advantage to shrink and not fight.
Especially when Guangwu confronted each other, Xiang Yu also shot Liu Bang with accurate archery skills.
Both sides have their own pros and cons, and they are stalemate, and finally a gap agreement was created.
But this thing is really not considered serious in the battlefield of life and death.
But Xiang Yu took it seriously and thought that with this agreement, he would be safe and sound. When withdrawing his troops, he was also relaxed and lacked precautions against the Han army.
The Han army tore up the agreement, and the army suddenly pursued from behind.
More importantly, although Han Xin and Peng Yue made an appointment with Liu Bang to attack Xiang Yu, they did not send troops, probably waiting and watching.
Under such a background, if Xiang Yu's team is complete, he will strictly prevent Liu Bang on the one hand, and on the other hand, he will be on the other hand, Han Xin and Peng Yue will be sent to the other hand, the situation will be different.
However, Xiang Yu's situation did nothing except the trust gap agreement.
So, defeat is urgent, and defeat is regrettable.
Liu Bang won, not on the head-on confrontation on the battlefield, not on the military, but on the scheming and calculating. The so-called plot.
Xiang Yu's situation is just the opposite. He won the military victory but lost his country. Therefore, since ancient times, war has not been simply a competition of troops and a showdown of generals, but war is a demonstration and political plan is the core.
From this perspective, Chairman Mao said that Xiang Yu was serious about the Hungou Agreement.
Chairman Mao believed that Xiang Yu's third mistake was to establish the capital of Xuzhou, namely Pengcheng.
After Xiang Yu entered Xianyang, he didn't need to use the Qin Empire ready-made imperial capital, and he burned it with fire. There were countless valuable things that were destroyed, which was simply a waste of trouble.
This is not counting. Faced with the fruits of victory, he didn't know how to do it, so he had to restore the old and to block . I just want to be the King of Western Chu , and establish the capital in Pengcheng, which is today's Xuzhou.
As far as it is concerned, Pengcheng lacks these advantages, whether in the local location, political weather, or scale.
This is exactly when Liu Bang chose the capital later, and directly chose Chang'an near Xianyang.
If Xianyang was not burned by Xiang Yu, Liu Bang would probably have directly established his capital in Xianyang.
Xiang Yu relies on military talents, so he can dominate the world, but Xiang Yu is weak in political planning. In this regard, he is almost simple. Therefore, when you win the fruits of victory, or when you are deceived, you show childishness. For example, the counter-espionage plan that Chen Ping had made, saying that Fan Zeng colluded with Liu Bang, and Xiang Yu also believed in this kind of thing. You must know that Fan Zeng hopes that Liu Bang will die!
In short, no matter how good the battle is, it is impossible to fight against others without understanding politics and human nature.
This is exactly what Xiang Yu believed in Liu Bang at the Hongmen Banquet and let Liu Bang go. He trusted Liu Bang again in the Honggou Agreement and was pursued by Liu Bang. So, it's like a child not having a memory.
So, when Chairman Mao later wrote a poem and mentioned Xiang Yu, he was also "not seeking fame and learning overlords"!
Of course, Xiang Yu also has advantages. On April 8, 1939, Chairman Mao once said in his speech at Yan'an " Anti-Great ":
"We must learn from Xiang Yu's heroic integrity, but do not commit suicide, and do it to the end..."
Reference materials:
1: "Mao Zedong's Reading Notes"
2: "Selected Readings of Mao Zedong"
