General Yang Lisan is an outstanding leader in the logistics work of our army. From the Red Army period to the founding of New China, he fought on the logistics front of our army all his life, made immortal contributions, and wrote a glorious chapter of powerful support.

General Yang Lisan is an outstanding leader in the logistics work of our army. From the 1 Red Army to the founding of New China, he fought on the logistics front of our army all his life, made immortal contributions, and wrote a glorious chapter of powerful support.

can "make a meal without rice" - the birth of a military uniform

In the summer of 1931, the Red Army headquarters decided to purchase a new summer suit for each commander and fighter. However, because funds were very tight at the time, the headquarters clearly stipulated that each person could only make clothes according to the standard of three cents and five cents, and the color of the new military uniforms must be unified to gray.

At that time, Yang Li was in charge of military supplies and logistics work. According to the instructions of the headquarters, he immediately asked comrades from the Military Supplies Department to go to Ruijin to understand the situation of fabric and clothing processing. The comrades from the Munitions Department came to the city happily, but after asking around, they suddenly felt very disappointed. It turned out that according to the market price at that time, even if the processing fee was not included, the gray fabric for a set of clothes cost four and a cent. According to the standards set by the headquarters, it was simply impossible to make new military uniforms. After they came back, when they reported to Yang Lisan, they all said in frustration: "Forget it, what new clothes can I use these money for? Let's buy some peanuts to eat and improve our lives!"

Yang Lisan

Yang Lisan listened After hearing the situation reported by comrades from the Munitions Department, I was also very anxious, so I decided to go to the city to understand the situation in person. Yang Lisan took the supplies and ran from the headquarters Yeping to Ruijin City in one breath under the scorching sun. He walked around this store, looked at that store, asked this stall, talked with that stall, and asked about fabrics everywhere. The price made me sweat profusely. The result is exactly the same as what the comrades who went there learned before.

However, Yang Lisan was not discouraged because he discovered through his understanding that gray cloth was indeed expensive and he couldn't afford it with the little money given by the headquarters, but white cloth was much cheaper. To make a new set of clothes, buy them well. White cloth costs three cents, less expensive ones cost only twenty-eight cents, and dyeing white cloth for a suit of clothing gray costs five cents. So Yang Lisan decided to buy white cloth and go to the dyeing workshop for coloring. But after he thought about it, it still didn't work. In this way, three cents and five cents could only solve the problem of gray fabric for making clothes stipulated by the headquarters, but the clothes still couldn't be made because the money for cutting and sewing had not yet been provided!

Red Army Uniform

Yang Lisan looked at the white cloth in front of him, feeling really troubled and frowning. He silently calculated in his mind: buy white cloth and color it yourself, and only spend three cents on dye for each set, which makes it cheaper. But if you think about it again, it costs two cents to cut a suit of clothes and three cents to sew a suit of clothes. Adding all this together, a set of clothes still costs three cents and eight cents, and the clothes still cannot be made.

The calculations came and went, and Yang Lisan's brows finally relaxed, because he had already thought of the most reasonable plan to make a new military uniform for only three cents and five cents:

Buy a piece of white cloth every time The set cost is twenty-eight cents, the dye costs three cents per set, the cutting fee costs two cents per set, and the needle and thread to sew a set of military uniforms costs another two cents. Then let the soldiers do it themselves and cut the cloth. Let's sew like this and make a new set of clothes for just three cents and five cents, not a penny more, not a penny less!

Thinking of this, Yang Lisan said to himself excitedly: "This plan is the most feasible. The soldiers can finally wear the new military uniforms!" After returning to Yeping, Yang Lisan spent the night summarizing what he learned and his "rationalized" suggestions He reported to the head of the headquarters, who felt that his plan was feasible and immediately decided to implement it according to his plan.In this way, the Red Army soldiers soon put on new summer clothes that were colored and sewn by themselves. However, most of the comrades among them did not know how much Comrade Yang Lisan's hard work was condensed in such a simple and plain military uniform. !

Yang Lisan (first from the right) takes a group photo with Yang Xiufeng and others

He dared to use "local methods" - a commendation.

In February 1936, the Red Army, led by Commander Peng Dehuai and Political Commissar Mao Zedong, carried out the famous Eastern Campaign. The purpose of this campaign was to break the blockade of the Kuomintang army, open up the anti-Japanese route, promote the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front , expand the anti-Japanese Red Army and anti-Japanese guerrillas, and consolidate the northern Shaanxi revolutionary base area in the process of development.

The Eastern Expedition lasted 75 days. The officers and soldiers of the Red Army crossed the Yellow River in the east and attacked the western Shanxi and central Shanxi areas. They quickly returned to northern Shaanxi, annihilating 7 enemy regiments and capturing more than 4,000 enemy soldiers. , more than 4,000 guns of various types and more than 20 war cannons were seized, basically achieving the expected goal of a major victory.

The logistics and support work of the Eastern Expedition were carried out under the personal leadership of Comrades Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, but the specific organization and coordination was the responsibility of Yang Lisan, then director of the Depot Department and political commissar of the Northwest Military Commission's rear office.

The Eastern Expedition was launched shortly after the Red Army had just concluded its Long March . At that time, the army had great difficulties in manpower, material and financial resources. In order to prepare for the Eastern Expedition, the Central Military Commission issued the "Forty Days Preparatory Action Plan" on December 24, 1935. In accordance with the spirit of the relevant instructions, Yang Lisan immediately began to carry out various preparations non-stop. On the one hand, he fully mobilized the masses and used the organizations at all levels of the newly established general military station to carry out preparations; on the other hand, he also took matters into his own hands, and in a very short time Within a short period of time, the cadres of the depot department were staffed, a new sub-station was built, three depot lines were opened, and organizational preparations were made to complete the campaign support tasks.

The Red Army crossed the Yellow River eastward

However, the biggest difficulty in the Eastern Expedition was how to solve the problem of boats crossing the river for 13,000 people. After the Red Army's long march arrived in northern Shaanxi, it was surrounded by enemies and tightly blockaded. It was impossible to have a ready-made ferry. Building the ship by yourself also faced the problems of lack of wood and tight time.

In order to solve this big problem, Yang Lisan led most of the personnel of the General Military Station to move to Yanchuan County not far from the Yellow River ferry. He personally went among the people to understand the local people's method of crossing the river. When he learned that some traders who smuggled opium cigarettes to Shanxi for sale in the past used goatskin tubes to make rafts to cross the river, and each raft could carry 6 to 8 people. , Yang Lisan was extremely happy. After he understood this native method clearly, he personally tried it out on this raft in the cold winter, and the result was quite satisfactory. Fellow villagers told him that the main material used to make this kind of raft was whole sheepskin tubes, which were very abundant in the local area, and sheepskin tube rafts were relatively easy to make, so he proposed a plan to make sheepskin rafts to cross the river to solve the problem for the troops. The problem of boats crossing the river.

Just like this, under Yang Lisan's careful organization, more than 100 shipbuilders were recruited, nearly 100 sheepskin rafts were made, more than 3,000 barrels, ship planks more than 21,500 pieces, and more than 200 shipwrights were recruited and trained. . At the same time, under the intense work of relevant personnel, the depot department also prepared 10 days of dry food for the Red Army in the Eastern Expedition, as well as relatively sufficient ordnance and ammunition.

During the Battle of Sheepskin Raft

, Yang Lisan crossed the river with the First Red Army Corps. He led his comrades in the military station department to transport supplies, rescue the wounded, and collect trophies, and did a lot of work. After the Eastern Expedition, Mao Zedong commended Yang Lisan for his outstanding contributions. Later, when Comrade Zhou Enlai evaluated Yang Lisan, he also said emotionally:

"Since Comrade Yang Lisan joined the army in 1927, he has been at ease with logistics and financial work. He has no personal plans and does not negotiate prices.While some comrades still mistakenly underestimated logistics work, Comrade Yang Lisan had already realized that logistics work and financial work were an important part of the construction of our army, and deeply realized the important role that logistics work and financial work played in ensuring the victory of the war. effect. "

Charity "Catalyst" - the introduction of a plan

The Anti-Japanese War entered April 1939. Yang Lisan, then Minister of the Eighth Route Army Depot and Political Commissar, was ordered to arrive from Yan'an to the Taihang Mountains, an important strategic base for the Anti-Japanese War behind enemy lines in North China. Anti-Japanese base area. After coming to Taihang , according to the instructions of the Central Military Commission, Yang Lisan established the Logistics Department, responsible for leading the work of the Supply Department, the Depot Department and the Ministry of Health. He was appointed as the Minister of Logistics and Political Commissar.

At that time, it was The anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines were in the most difficult period.

Starting in 1939, the Japanese army shifted its main forces to the anti-Japanese base areas in North China and carried out a crazy and large-scale "mopping up" of the base areas. During the "mopping up", they burned and killed everyone. , and the "Three Guangs" policy that robbed everyone in an attempt to destroy the survival basis of the anti-Japanese military and civilians; the Kuomintang reactionaries also stepped up their anti-communist activities, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 700,000 troops to cooperate with the Japanese army in implementing military encirclement and economic blockade of the anti-Japanese base areas; more fatal difficulties However, at that time, floods, droughts, and insect disasters occurred continuously in North China, and grain production was greatly reduced. All of this left the vast number of soldiers and civilians in the anti-Japanese base areas without food and clothing, and the financial and economic life of the base areas and the lives of the soldiers and civilians fell into extremely serious difficulties. .

Teng Daiyuan

In order to overcome difficulties, consolidate the base area, and persist in the war of resistance, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the military and civilians in the base area launched a vigorous large-scale production movement. Yang Lisan took the lead and actively participated in the financial construction and military production of the base area. It ensured the military supply and material transportation of the troops.

In September 1943, the Central Military Commission appointed Yang Lisan to concurrently serve as deputy chief of staff of the Eighth Route Army forward. At this time, he carefully summarized the main experience and achievements since leading the large-scale production movement, and discussed with Teng Daiyuan, chief of staff of the Eighth Route Army headquarters. Together they studied and formulated the famous "Production Savings Plan for the Headquarters Catering Unit".

Since the launch of the mass production movement, the logistics department led by Yang Lisan has been doing very well in production, so the supplies are better than other departments. However, some people feel that this However, different views emerged, saying that Yang Lisan was a standard , and that some comrades in the logistics department raised chickens and rabbits privately after collective production, and that engaging in small production was capitalism.

Headquarters heads such as Peng Dehuai heard these discussions Later, he made it clear that this kind of criticism of Yang Lisan was unfair. It was a "serious egalitarianism" in the military organs and "will hinder the launch of collective and individual production." Peng Dehuai also clearly stated: "must The launch of personal production and the private savings derived from production should not only not be opposed, but also allowed. If a certain unit produces well and eats well, it should be rewarded. Only those average elements who eat well and are lazy should be criticized and blamed. ”

Photo of Yang Lisan (first from left), Mao Zedong (third from left) and others

Comrade Deng Xiaoping also pointed out at the production mobilization meeting held by the 129th Division: “We must establish a reward and punishment system. It should be stipulated in the order that bonuses of one hundred to two hundred yuan should be given to individual production models and labor heroes. He also said: "Some comrades may say, is this too high?" I said, not high! Because this is the income from their labor, and it is not corruption, it is what it should be. "

This series of correct ideas greatly promoted the development of the large-scale production movement. On October 1, 1943, the staff of the 129th Division proposed to stop the payment of subsidies, vegetable money and office expenses, and to cover them from their own production income. . It was with the care and support of the head of the headquarters, and with the mass production movement in-depth and achieving obvious results, that the "Tengyang Plan" came into being.

The "Teng Yang Plan" is based on Comrade Mao Zedong's important instructions on balancing public and private matters. It carefully summarizes the experience of carrying out large-scale production movements in the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, and criticizes "returning everything to the public", "opposing private ownership", and "the accumulation of labor income by individuals is "Kulak Thought" and other "left" views put forward the policy of developing production of "dividends for production, remuneration for labor, and benefit to both public and private", and stipulated a reward and dividend plan for collective and individual production savings. The

plan points out: "We advocate labor and reward labor. As long as it is the income of labor, you have the right to enjoy it. The more you produce, the more you earn. We advocate and reward economy. As long as it is reasonable economy, you will The more you save, the more you earn. We advocate private savings. As long as it is the price of labor income, the more you save, the better."

also clearly stipulates in the plan: "28% bonus" for the overproduction of collective labor , that is, 80% goes to the public and 20% is rewarded to individuals; the excess of personal labor is "37% dividends", that is, 30% goes to the public and 70% goes to individuals; private chicken raising, All income from rabbit and beekeeping belongs to the individual.

The large-scale production movement in the Yan'an period

It can be said that the "Teng Yang Plan" correctly handled the relationship between production and distribution, and the collective and the individual, and played a great role in further promoting the production and conservation movement of the army. After the plan was proposed, the CCP Taihang The District Party Committee and the Political Department of the Taihang Military Region jointly issued instructions to move forward on the production path of the "Tengyang Plan". Taihang's "Xinhua Daily" also published "Responding to the "Tengyang Plan" and Inspecting the Production Movement" and "Cultivation of Public-Private Masses" backbone, step up the spring plowing movement" editorial.

It is precisely because of the publicity and promotion of the "Teng Yang Plan" that the mass production movement in Taihang District has become larger and larger in scale, the military and civilians' production enthusiasm has become higher and higher, and the results have become better and better. In 1944 alone, the Taihang Eighth Route Army cleared more than 3 acres of wasteland per person, totaling more than 88,000 acres, accounting for one-third of the total in the region; the Taiyue Eighth Route Army cleared more than 50,000 acres of wasteland, producing more than 25,000 shi of grain. . In addition, the production of various military supplies and daily necessities is also becoming more and more abundant.

After more than a year of practice, the "Teng Yang Plan" has achieved widespread success. It not only promoted the production conservation movement of the military and civilians, guaranteed the material supply of the troops, persisted in the struggle against the enemy, enhanced the labor perspective of the troops, and cultivated The spirit of selflessness and putting public before private. At the same time, it also clarified the egalitarian thinking of some comrades who regard the lofty ideals of communism as reality. This plan is indeed a good plan that benefits both politics and economy.