The "102" Earth and Stone Engineering Group digs rocks and mountains
At the end of the 1960s, the land of China suffered from enemy soldiers outside the Cultural Revolution. The whole country prepares for war and prepares for the great prosperity of 's third-line construction . The Second Automobile Construction is fortunate to choose Shiyan, Hubei. In May 1969, the Ministry of Construction and Industry mobilized nearly 40,000 people from the eighth and sixth engineering bureaus, and Beijing Construction Engineering Bureau, to rush to Shiyan, Hubei to build the second automobile, and set up the "102" project commander. Department. Since then, the name "102" has become a well-known hero symbol among the first batch of Shiyan Niqi entrepreneurs. In December 1972, with the completion of the second automobile factory, more than 10,000 people from Beijing Third Construction Company were transferred back to Beijing, and the "102" construction team designation was cancelled, and the remaining "102" team belonged to the Hubei Provincial Construction Committee system. The name "102" only existed in Shiyan's history for three and a half years, but the spirit of "102" created by more than 40,000 people has become an immortal cultural memory of Shiyan.
Today, Shiyan has been built into a modern automobile city well-known at home and abroad. Recalling the past and thinking about the source of drinking water, the people of Shiyan today will never forget the precious spiritual and cultural heritage left to us by the "102" people.
Shiyan, pay tribute to the "102" people! ! !
We are the third earthwork company (the original location of Nanjing, moved to Chongqing in 1965) and the second earthwork company (the original location of Wuhan, moved to 1965) An employee in Anshun, Guizhou Province.From the end of 1966 to September 1969, the Ministry of Construction and Engineering ordered us from Dangyang, Hubei (22 teams, entering Shiyan around 1966), Leshan, Sichuan, , and Sichuan Zizhong (31 teams, entering Shiyan around 1968, 1971 It was placed under the second company), Hunan Tianyang Airport, Changsha and other construction sites (21 teams, entered Shiyan in 1969) assembled in Shiyan to participate in the construction of the second automobile. At that time, the Ministry of Construction and Engineering designated Zhao Hui, the deputy manager of the third company (the construction personnel and equipment were transferred back to Chongqing after entering the site, and the company’s party committee member Quan Zongren was in charge of the site) and the second company’s deputy manager Su Xing was responsible for team coordination, scheduling, and command entry matters . In 1971, the organization of the second company was moved from Anshun to Shiyan. So far, all the mechanical construction personnel and equipment were in place. After the establishment of the "102" Project Headquarters of the State Construction Commission in 1969, the "102" Earth and Stone Engineering Corps was established mainly with the three teams of the original earth and stone company, with three battalions under it.
At that time, the Earth and Stone Regiment Department was stationed next to Shiyan Red Guard Hospital, 21 teams were stationed in Shiyan (the first battalion opposite to Shiyan Railway Station), and 22 teams were stationed at the intersection of Hongwei Road (the second gas plant is currently located at the second battalion), 31 The team is stationed in Hongwei University and Xiaoluzigou, and some of the first comers are stationed in Yuanjiagou (now the No. 2 Power Plant Primary School is the third camp).
The three construction battalions under the earth and stone group total more than 1,000 people, and there are more than 70 sets of construction machinery and a large number of maintenance equipment transferred into the mountains. Among them, there are more than 50 bulldozers and scraper, such as domestic Hongqi-120, Yishan-120, Xuanhua-140, Japanese D80-6, D80-7, BD-17, which was the most advanced bulldozing and shovel at the time. equipment. There are also rock drilling rigs, air compressor , W-1001, W-501 excavators and some dump trucks.
After the construction team and equipment entered the site, in order to speed up the construction of the second automobile, the construction engineering department successively allocated 9 ST Jiefang large pallets, 12 10-12 cubic meters of air compressors, and 10 Taiwan Jiefang brand 4.ST dump truck, 6 8T Yellow River dump trucks, 6 Czech 15T Taitola 148 dump trucks, 4 Soviet-made 170 bulldozers and other new machinery to meet construction needs.
Our company belongs to the construction unit that entered the mountain earlier in the second automobile construction team. At that time (the end of 1966) Shiyan City had not yet been established, and the Second Automobile Company had not officially started construction. The administrative leader was Yunyang District Administrative Office. Shiyan is a remote mountain town with a population of only a few thousand people. There is only one Laobai highway (Laohekou in Hubei-Baihe in Shaanxi, without railways. Our bulldozers and excavators are crawler walking machines, and trailers are used for long-distance transfers. However, the maximum load-bearing capacity of the bridge along the way does not exceed 10t, and the trailer cannot pass. The machinery can only be transported by train to Danjiang and then loaded across the river to Laohekou, and then drive from Laohekou to Shiyan. Where there are bridges. The section of road has to be driven across the river bed when the water is dry. It can only travel for more than 20 kilometers a day. It must be stopped at night for maintenance to ensure normal travel on the next day. I live in a fellow villager's house along the way and drive to Shiyan in five or six days. After the self-propelled equipment was transported from the Danjiang water to the Dengwan Wharf, workers laid logs underneath, and then dozens of people shouted chants and pulled them to the side of the road like a fiber. The cement poles were transported by two trolleys one after the other by a dozen people, and they were transported to the construction site for nearly 30 kilometers. Not only did they sweat but also bleed, we have a Sichuanese worker who transports cement poles downhill, Because I didn’t control the slope and was smashed by a telephone pole, I can’t imagine that kind of hardship now.
A small town with only a thousand people gathered nearly one hundred thousand people from all over the country by the end of 1969. It is very difficult to build a large army, and it is very difficult to eat and live. Some are crowded in the homes of the villagers, and some live in the reed shed. We live in the reed shed. We can see water under a foot of digging in the place where we live in Xiaoluzigou. It is cold and damp in winter. . Drinking well water, there is no vegetables to eat, only transported back from the field by car, but for thousands of us, the vegetables transported are just a drop in the bucket, most people have no vegetables to eat, and non-staple food is not available. We I had to send a car to Nanyang, Henan, Zaoyang, Hubei, Zhongxiang and other places to buy cabbage, robu, winter melon, pumpkins, etc. The staff came from all over the country, and whenever someone came back from a business trip or family visit, everyone always came around. Come up and share the candy, pickles and other things you can't see in the mountains.In the evening, we ordered our homemade candles (paraffin wax for waterproofing explosives) and kerosene lamps. The local villagers live in poverty, and there are few people in the ravines, the heat is low, and the winter looks extremely cold. On a snowy night, there was heavy snow outside and snowflakes floating in the house. Workers work as a "team leader" every night (referring to shrinking into a ball when they sleep). Especially in the morning when washing their faces and brushing their teeth, they have to knock on thin ice in the river to fetch water. It feels bitterly cold. The villagers couldn't bear it and wanted to get people to boil hot water. In order not to cause trouble to the villagers, everyone consciously took the basin and went to the river to fetch water. The employees are exposed to such a difficult living environment, seeing the difference between urban and rural areas and the difference between workers and farmers, and they are determined to get out of the car early for FAW and make contributions to improving the living conditions of the people in the mountainous areas.
Although the working and living conditions are difficult, everyone has overcome the difficulties of the harsh natural environment and the poor construction conditions left by the material supply. Our earth and rock smashed blood and sweat to open up the mountains, and we never complained. We completed all the site leveling tasks for the construction of the second automobile plant, opened up all roads for the roads in Shicheng District, and created jaundice for the construction teams who later entered the mountain smoothly. Conditions have made significant contributions to speeding up the construction of Shiyan and the Second Automobile Group.
Because the second automobile plant is built in a mountainous area, flood prevention is a top priority. Due to the change of terrain, the original reservoirs and river ditches cannot withstand the erosion of the flood, and they all need to be reinforced, repaired and cleaned up. It is also our job not to let
do our part. As a result, a large number of personnel and equipment were deployed to clear the river, strengthen and repair the reservoir. Shiyan Majiahe Reservoir, Maotahe Reservoir, Touyan Reservoir, and Baierhe Reservoir are all our battlefields. A worker of our unit (Zhou Guanzhi) injured his leg in the Xiumajiahe Reservoir and still has a disability; a migrant worker was injured in the blasting and quarrying of the stone at the quarry adjacent to our construction site and was rushed to the hospital by our car. The blood transfusion was urgently needed. Our workers at the scene rushed to the hospital to transfuse thousands of milliliters of blood, which saved his life. After the migrant worker recovered, he came to send the pennant together with the unit leader, saying that the 31st team staff saved his life.
We are not only responsible for the leveling of the construction site of the Second Automobile Specialty Plant, but also the construction of roads in Shiyan City, but also the completion of the "recovery of land". Shiyan is a poor mountain valley. The peasants live very hard, and the members only earn 30 cents a day.Especially in mountainous areas, there is a shortage of arable land, commonly known as "nine mountains, half water and half fields". In order to reduce the loss of farmers’ land, the headquarter requested that when the factory was built, it should be as close to the slopes as possible to cut the mountains and occupy less fertile land. At the same time, it also proposed a land-returning policy, that is, while occupying cultivated land, it is necessary to cultivate crops on the hillside or other wasteland. Return the cultivated land to the farmers. In the past few years, we have been in Bailang, , Maojian, Huanglong, Huaguo, from Yunxian County to tea shops, Tumen, from Dachuan to Daxia, and in the ravines of northwestern Hubei mountains are Shiyan, Maojian, Bailang, Dachuan, Dongfeng More than a dozen communes, including Huaguo, Huanglong, and Dachi, built land and opened up large areas of land. The common people not only did not decrease but increased the arable land, especially a lot of paddy fields, which greatly increased the income of farmers.
At that time, under the slogan "Prepare for war" and the central government's policy of "Backing, Dispersion, and Concealment", all branches used the code, and the serial numbers of the branches were: 5720-5725, 5740-5754, 5760- S/o4, a total of 27 branches. These factories are distributed in Bailang, Gujiagang, Maojian, Chenjiagang, Zhengjiawan, Fangmotou Garbage, Sanyan, Wuyan, Goupen, Zhangwan, Huaguo, Yuanjiagou, Jingtangou, Da Linggou, Zhaojiagou, Bugou, Liulinggou, Tiangou, Luzigou and more than forty ravines. It is not an exaggeration to say that every ditch has the "burst and burst" sound of our ten-stone square wind drill, the blasting sound of the mountain, the roar of bulldozers and scrapers. As it was sung in a "Song of Construction Workers" at that time: "The front is ravines and ravines, and behind is a factory building; the valley was still dark last night, but tonight is a light; our life is like this, fighting forward!"
Most villagers in Shiyan Mountain have never seen a car, let alone so many types and so many huge construction machinery. Initially, when the excavator was loaded and the dump truck moved the soil, the people within a radius of a few kilometers surrounded the site like a temple fair 스. To ensure the safety of the villagers, our agency officials and maintenance personnel must go to the site to maintain order; from the excavation area One or two kilometers to the unloading area are filled with fellow villagers who are full of strangers, as warm as the welcoming guests on the road; every construction work time is like a holiday for several days, and it is very lively. The common people looked at each other and said: "It's amazing! The big guy (excavator) fills a car with soil in twos and threes, and a car
(dump truck) is a small bag!" Some villagers asked us about construction. Personnel: How much forage is this thing fed every day? When sorbet is made in the mountains for the first time, sometimes we will give some to the villagers in the mountains. ……
In undertaking the construction of Shiyan and Second Automobile, we have received strong support from the district, city, and commune governments at all levels and the people: when they first entered the mountains, there was no place to live, and the people gave up good houses for us to live in. The courtyard allowed us to park the equipment, and the construction materials, oil, and spare parts placed in the open air were never lost; when the villagers were reclaimed and returned to the field, the director of the commune secretary personally directed and maintained order on the spot. In order to thank our employees, the village killed pigs, Kill the chicken and take out the home-brewed rice wine to offer condolences to us.In order to start construction of the Gongjiagou Tunnel in Shiyan as soon as possible, there is a reservoir at the east entrance of the cave that has not yet completed the requisition procedures. The village chief asked us to start the construction first and then do it; there are several old tombs at the west entrance of the cave. Go; the construction of the Gongjiagou tunnel requires a lot of pit wood support. The regional forestry management department has omitted many approval procedures and immediately issued a long-term permit for logging and transportation. We will have five vehicles every week to go to Dachuan, and Fangxian. To transport timber, there is no need to go to drive once, which greatly facilitates our work.
At the beginning of the establishment of the factory and the establishment of the city, there was only one Laobai highway leading to Shiyan. A large number of construction materials and equipment need to be transported to Danjiang by train or water to Dengwan Wharf, and then transported by car; Danjiang is more than 100% away from Shiyan It takes seven or eight hours to drive a car on the kilometer mountain road, bumps and bumps, and the loess is flying. It can only be transported two days back and forth. It can be said that the transportation problem is seriously hindering the construction of the second automobile. In 1971, in order to alleviate transportation difficulties, the construction of the second automobile railway dedicated line was on the agenda. The line from the Second Automobile Assembly Plant to the Sanyan Transmission Station has to traverse a mountain, and a railway tunnel needs to be drilled. The headquarters assigned the task of constructing the tunnel (Gongjiagou Tunnel, 618 meters long) to our 31st team. This is the most critical project for the entire line, and it cannot be opened to traffic unless it runs through the entire line. All the 31 teams were mobilized to concentrate their elite construction forces to overcome many unexpected difficulties such as tight time, backward equipment, complex geological conditions, etc., and excavated from both sides at the same time. The task was completed in only one year, four ahead of schedule. moon. When the smoke from the last stubble of cannons cleared, people from the east and the west met triumphantly and hugged happily to celebrate the smooth penetration of the tunnel. Many construction workers had tears of excitement in their eyes! The tunnel construction brought many threats. In a collapse, Tian Dayin, an employee, gave his precious life. Every time you blast, you need to deal with dangerous rocks, otherwise there will be many accidents. This is a difficult and very dangerous job. After each blast, there are many dangerous rocks (that is, the rocks that may fall off the roof of the cave at any time), and workers cannot get in and out of the slag without handling them. In order to get through the tunnel as soon as possible, the Second Automobile Group had to leave the car early. Every time the dangerous stone was dealt with, it was the Communist Party members and team leaders fighting to go. After a blast, it was found that there were a lot of dangerous stones, and it was difficult to eliminate many comrades vying to go in. At this time, the Communist Party member, the demobilized soldier, and the squad leader Long Pizhi blocked everyone out of the cave and said: Don't fight, I'll go first , You can go in again when it is safe! I walked into the cave with a special skewer that was more than three meters long for handling dangerous stones, and pried the rocks floating on the top of the cave one by one, and sweated profusely.Two comrades went in to replace him. He disagreed and said: It will be done right away! Still continue to poke and knock with the skewer to see if there are any omissions. After discovering another large, dangerous stone that was cracked but not dropped, while using all his strength to pry it down, he heard a small cracking sound. Based on years of work experience, he knew that this was a prelude to a cave-in. He shouted: "Run! Let's collapse!" He pushed aside the comrade who was about to replace him. With a loud "bang", nearly a hundred stones collapsed instantly with smoke and dust, and the other two comrades Escaped, Long Pizhi slowed down for a few seconds and was pressed underneath. The comrades quickly rescued him and sent him to the hospital. When Long Pizhi woke up, he asked in the first sentence: Are they both safe? At this time, he did not know that one of his legs had been amputated due to his serious injuries (Long Pizhi Deeds were reported in "Red Guardian Zhanbao" and " Hubei Daily").
In tunnel construction, a large number of "spikes" and "bar nails" (for tunnel support and fixing track sleepers ), arches, and formwork are needed for supporting, slagging, and pouring concrete. At that time, there was no place to buy it. For the tunnel construction, the 31st team decided to make it themselves. There is only a machine repair shop with more than 50 people, and it is impossible to repair the construction machinery. It is difficult to imagine the arch that has never been manufactured. The team leader handed this arduous task to the machine repair shop. Daytime working hours are not enough. We organize agencies and rear staff to use the evening rest time to manually forge " spikes " and "bar nails" in the workshop. Many people have blood blisters on their hands, and after a long time, they have calluses on their hands. If the arch is difficult to be made during the day, Comrade Jiang Long, the deputy director of the workshop, has thought of many ways, combined with the earth and the ocean, and led everyone to fight day and night. It provides a strong guarantee for the construction of the tunnel.
The second automobile construction requires large-scale mountain leveling and road building in mountainous areas. The demand for explosives is very large, and the Yunyang area cannot be supplied or stored. With special approval from the regional public security department, the 31 teams went to chemical plants in Yichang, and Guangshui to purchase explosives, detonators, and fuse.Each time you go to issue a permit for purchase and transportation; two or three cars are required, one with detonators, and one or two with explosives. Because it is transporting explosives, it takes five days or a week to go back and forth once. For the sake of safety, the public security department has specially allowed 31 teams to build their own explosive storage warehouses in Zhoujiagou, Xiaoluzigou, Daluzigou and other places far away from people. Until 2000, Shiyan City had its own explosive storage warehouse.
In the late 1960s, blasting through the mountains was still a traditional blasting method: drill holes with a hand pneumatic drill or a car drill, with a diameter of 40mm or 100mm, and then charge for blasting. Not only the explosives are expensive and costly, but also the efficiency is low, which affects the construction schedule. At that time, Comrade Chen Bingqi, who delegated 31 labor teams to the Ministry of Construction and graduated from Tangshan Railway Institute, was determined to apply the "medicine pot blasting method" that was not popular in the country at the time. Pot blasting: refers to the method of drilling a deep hole or shallow eye, blasting at the bottom or a certain part with a small amount of explosives to expand the bottom to form a pot, and then loading a large amount of explosives for blasting. Most of Shiyan's geology is soft rock, so this method is not suitable. In order to understand the first-hand information of Shiyan's geological , Chen Bingqi followed the driller to run across the mountains during the day, sometimes holding a wind drill weighing more than 30 kilograms to drill and take samples in person; The reasons for this method are analyzed and calculated. According to the survey situation, he worked with the driller to study the hole position, hole distance, hole depth and the amount of reaming agent on the construction site. Through many experiments, he found the law and finally made it. This method was promoted in Shiyan. Due to the use of pot blasting, the construction progress is greatly high and the cost is reduced. Especially the size of the broken stones after blasting is very suitable for subsequent construction (leveling or shipment after blasting). Comrade Chen Bingqi has made a great contribution to this.
In the mid-1970s, Ministry of Construction allowed decentralized comrades to be transferred back to the Beijing Ministry, but Comrade Chen Bingqi already regarded himself as a "earthworker" and gave up the opportunity to return to Beijing for the construction of Second Automobile and Shiyan. Later, his family moved to Shiyan. Unfortunately, in September 1987, he died of illness during the construction of the diversion channel of Liulixia Hydropower Station in Guifang County. He died at the age of 47... And the expansion of Dengwan Wharf requires the removal of one or half of the hills at Majiahe, Jingtan Goukou and Dengwan Wharf respectively.Under normal circumstances, the top of the mountain must be drilled and shot from the top of the mountain layer by layer. A shot can only lower the mountain by more than two meters. Due to the heavy workload and the tight schedule, the old method cannot be used in the current project. For this reason, the 31st earth and stone team decided to use "cavern blasting" in the three places to ensure the completion of the construction task as soon as possible. Cavern blasting, that is, first open a pilot hole at the bottom of the mountain to the inside of the mountain, and then excavate several branch pilot holes in different directions according to the design, and then excavate a large one at the end of each pilot hole The chambers were filled with explosives and detonated at once. The blasting of the cavern is very difficult. First, determine the position of the mountain section to be formed after blasting and formulate corresponding stabilization measures according to the requirements of the drawings, not only can not destroy the original mountain structure, but also make the blasted mountain suitable for excavation and cleaning. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately calculate the length of the pilot hole, the number and direction of the branch pilot hole, and the amount of explosives for each cavern based on the mountain geology and topography. Among the three cavern blasting, Dengwan Wharf blasting is the most difficult, the largest, the longest pilot hole, many branch chambers, and the use of more than 20 tons. Because it is very difficult to excavate the pilot tunnel and the chamber, and to ventilate the smoke and slag, it is more difficult to fill the explosives and block the pilot tunnel, the work is concentrated, the labor intensity is high, and the working conditions are extremely poor.
To ensure safety, the filling backfilling work must be completed at one time without stopping. All 31 teams were dispatched when the Dengwan Wharf was filled with explosives. The officials, veteran comrades and lesbians passed explosives from the outside to the cave. Because the pilot hole was small and narrow, the personnel could not stand, and more people in the cave were sitting on the ground. Relay the explosives to the cavern, then load the code and finally backfill the pilot hole with soil. Many people in the cave have difficulty breathing, and each class can only stay for tens of minutes and needs to be replaced, but the party members in the innermost group resolutely refused to come out on the grounds of "changing people to delay time." Long Fu said that he was short and suitable for it, so he insisted for two hours in a row. Later, the leader could only order them to be dragged out. When they were dragged out, all of them became sweaty natives, panting for a long time. Speechless. While charging and backfilling, it is necessary to check the unblocking of the wires (wires for detonating detonators) at any time. For this reason, Comrade Zeng Dequan, an electrician, took the instrument to and from the cave ten times to ensure the smooth initiation of the big blast; the cafeteria delivered food and boiling water to the entrance of the cave. , Everyone takes turns eating. After dozens of hours of continuous fighting, the time for the detonation finally arrived. Everyone did not care to wash away the mud and sweat on their bodies, and climbed to the opposite mountain far away from the blasting point to watch the moment of detonation: first felt a violent vibration at the foot, and then a muffled noise , The blasting hill topped with smoke. When the smoke dissipated, half of the mountain was nowhere to be seen. Everyone forgot the fatigue of continuous work. Hundreds of people gathered together, cheering and jumping for joy...
from the end of the 1960s By the early 1980s, our name had gone through the Earth and Stone Regiment of the Hongwei Construction Command, the Earth and Stone Regiment of the "102" Engineering Command, the Mechanized Construction Company of the First Bureau of Provincial Construction and the Provincial Construction Machinery Construction Company. It is famous in Shiyan and in the second automobile, and it is well known by passers-by.From the second steam railway dedicated line, various professional plants, water plants, the second steam power plant, the slag dam, the ash dam, the gas plant, the second steam Xiangfan power plant, the second steam-wefan railway dedicated line, to the expansion of Dengwan wharf and Huanglong Water, Shiyan Stadium, Dongfeng Tire Factory, Fangxian Liulixia Hydropower Station, Huanglong Grand Gorge Highway Tunnel, Shiyan Power Plant and other construction projects, all without the hard work, wisdom and sweat of stone soldiers.
Since the mid-1960s, the identity of the earthworker has been the initiator of the earth-shattering change from a small town to a modern automobile city in Shiyan: from the first bulldozer and scraper into the mountains, the first mountain reservoir reinforcement and maintenance , The first mountain and the first tunnel were opened and blasted to make the construction of the second automobile a thoroughfare...Here, they are fulfilling their solemn commitment to the construction of the country’s third-line; here, they have dedicated their efforts from generation to generation. ;Here, with their arduous work, they have confirmed the reputation given by the people of Shiyan as a pioneer in the construction of Shiyan Second Automobile! Employee, used to be the workshop director of the third department of the Hubei Provincial Construction Machinery Engineering Company, the deputy director of the elevator factory, the deputy manager and manager of the third branch of the Machinery Engineering Company, and the manager of the Machinery Engineering Company.
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