In 1983, Deng Xiaoping drove past Tangshan . When the convoy was moving forward, a group of young people suddenly appeared in front of him. Each of them carried a military-green satchel, but the clothes on them were loose, and at first glance they looked like some idle gangsters.
Just as the guard wanted to ask them to make way, the group of punks suddenly rushed up and asked the guard for a sky-high toll. The guards naturally refused, and severely rebuked them. At this time, one of the gangsters suddenly drew a knife and slashed at the guards. Two guards of were unable to dodge and were severely injured on the spot, and eventually died due to excessive blood loss.
The sudden occurrence of this scene shocked everyone, and the guards immediately became alert. Seeing the lives of the people, several gangsters ran away. After that, Deng Xiaoping returned to the central government and ordered that the matter must be strictly investigated.
I believe this case is no stranger to people who have experienced the early 1980s. After this case, all levels of party organizations and governments at all levels took the lead to organize local public security, prosecution and legal departments to concentrate their time and energy to carry out a nationwide crackdown on illegal crimes, which is known as "83 strike". Struggle .
There is such a slogan when "83 Strike Hard": "What is catchable, not catching resolutely; what is decidable, undecidable resolutely; what is killable, resolutely resolute to kill."
So what was the end of the last group of people who intercepted Deng Xiaoping's vehicle? What kind of situation was in the country at that time? Why would the central government rather kill by mistake and punish crimes severely?
"83 Strict Strike" fuse
1983,As one of the sequelae of ten years of turmoil, has a large number of smashers bred in the country, and robbers, murderers, thieves and gang criminals emerge in endlessly.
At the beginning of the reform and opening up, China opened its doors, and young people suffering from turmoil were facing the invasion of Western ideas and culture. At that time, the educated youth going to the countryside that had lasted for 25 years in China had just ended, and a large number of unemployed youth returned. city. In 1979, China's urban unemployed population has reached 20 million , this is the highest peak of the unemployed population in my country since its establishment.
And the pressure does not only come from small cities, but the pressure in big cities is even greater. At that time, had 400,000 unemployed people in Beijing, , accounting for 8.6% of the city's total population. That is to say, on average, one person in every 2.5 households was on the street. At that time, Tianjin, the city with the largest unemployed population in the country, had a total of 380,000 people living at home , accounting for 11.7% of the city's total population. These people are idle and at a restless age, wandering on the street all day, and social security is getting worse every year. Serious criminal crimes such as homicide, robbery, theft, and rape are rampant, and vicious incidents with extremely bad social impact have occurred one after another.
On February 8, 1983, when Deng Xiaoping inspected Wuxi, he met with Jiang Weiqing, a member of the Central Advisory Committee who was recuperating in Wuxi, and the heads of the provinces and cities. Jiang Weiqing reported to Deng Xiaoping:
"Now Economic development, social stability, but the social and public security situation is very bad, and vicious incidents occur frequently. This is not a big deal, but this matter still requires your elderly to make up their minds.”
After listening to Jiang Weiqing’s report,Deng Xiaoping frowned, and Jiang Weiqing said again:
"We can spend half a year preparing for investigation and research, and we can also escort to the frontiers for reform. Criminals are most afraid of investigating and studying. Decapitate, and revoke the account to go to the border."
After this time, Deng Xiaoping began to take the issue of how to rectify law and order in his heart. Things.
The first incident occurred in the Xiguitu Banner of Hulunbuir League in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (now Yakeshi City ), which shocked the whole country.
On June 16, 1983, eight teenage social idlers made trouble after drinking. brutally killed 27 people, including a 75-year-old man and a 2-year-old child, and raped, Gang raped a number of young women. At the same time, these criminals also robbed houses and committed robbery and bombing.
Since most of the criminals in this case are still under the legal age, although relatives of the victims and local residents have written many times to request the execution of these criminals, but in the end only two of were sentenced to death . Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the rare and serious murder case has completely shocked the central government, and the handling of criminals has also caused dissatisfaction among the people across the country.
The second case is the case where the Deng Xiaoping motorcade was robbed mentioned at the beginning.
In the 1980s, a group of unusual young people appeared on the streets of Tangshan, They usually carried military-green satchels, walked in groups on the street, passers-by saw them give way and dare not approach. .
The reason why the local people are so afraid of them is because , their bags are filled with kitchen knives and bricks , and their team has a simple and rude name: chopper team .
These people often gather on the street to beat, smash, and rob, and even chase people with kitchen knives to slash them. Fighting between groups is even more commonplace. At that time, they mainly relied on robbing drivers on the road and asking for tolls to make a living. If they don't give it, they will rob the goods directly and even brutally kill the people who resist.
In 1983, when Deng Xiaoping rushed from Tangshan to Beidaihe, he met this group of people, and the gangster who slashed the guard was a member of the chopper team Liu Hongming . Liu Hongming was a little scared when he saw the PLA soldiers, but he had just become a small leader at the time, thinking that he could not lose face in front of his brothers, so he desperately took out a kitchen knife and slashed at the PLA. After the death of the two guards, this incident aroused the anger of the whole country. The viciousness of the Chopper Team for many years completely angered the people.
In August 1983, the Tangshan Public Security Bureau rushed out to arrest 50 key members of the Chopper Team. These people were still aggressive when they were arrested and refused to plead guilty. In the end, all 50 people were sentenced to death, and was executed immediately. After that, the police successively arrested more than 600 members of the chopper team. At that time, the members of the chopper team were all young men around the age of 20, but the country was determined to completely eradicate this type of social dregs, so it was not like the last Inner Mongolia incident.Release the offender because of age.
After these two cases, the central government has realized that it is now in a special period of the country and some special measures are needed to maintain domestic security. Deng Xiaoping emphasized:
"Resolving criminal crimes is a long-term struggle and requires the cooperation of all parties. This is a special stage. We must act quickly and rigorously and focus on combating in order to be able to cure it. Everyone says humanitarianism, we are now Protecting the safety of most people is the greatest humanitarian! Fighting crime is a delightful thing. We can start in Beijing and then go to Shanghai, Tianjin, and even other cities. As long as we persist, the situation will definitely get better. "
"83 Severe Strike" kicked off
After Deng Xiaoping's decision, Severe Strike officially kicked off.
On August 25, 1983, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued "Decision on Severely Cracking Down on Criminal Activities" to crack down on serious economic crimes and crimes that seriously endanger public security. In order to cooperate with this action, the national legislature has also revised the criminal law and formulated a series of separate laws and regulations, , among which the crime of death penalty has increased the most .
The first record in the "83 Strike" was to kill the " Second King ".
The "two kings" refer to the two brothers Wang Zong and Wang Zongwei in Shenyang. On the eve of the Spring Festival in 1983, the "two kings" broke into a People's Liberation Army hospital compound with guns and stolen them openly, which aroused the vigilance of the guards present. After Wang Zong was caught,In order to save him, shot and killed 4 people in a row and wounded three people , after which they fled.
At that time, China had not established a criminal investigation network, because the social atmosphere in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China was relatively clean, and many areas even needed a policeman to manage it. my country's criminal investigation force was relatively weak. After the "Two Kings" incident, a reward was offered for wanted, special police, police , patrols, road checkpoints and "110". These Chinese criminal investigation forces began to build up. This year, the overwhelming number of wanted warrants has become a special sight in the country. During the seven months and six days of their escape, the biggest question that bothered the Chinese was, "Where are the two kings of ? "
On September 18, 1983, some residents reflected in the mountain forest of Guangchang , Jiangxi. They saw the two kings. After several days of searching, the local police, armed police and militia finally found themselves in one The two were seen on a mountain, and they were surrounded by them in the end. At that time, the two wanted to escape. Wang Zong was killed on the spot , Wang Zongwei was captured alive by PLA soldiers, and the on-site personnel were furious. Wang Zongwei was beaten to death .
Although there was no interrogation at the time, the police finally investigated their deeds and found that they had committed multiple criminal cases and injured during their escape from Beijing to Jiangxi Police and local residents.
In order to capture the second king,The Ministry of Public Security issued a Class A wanted order, which was also the first wanted order since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The reward amounted to several thousand yuan. People's photos, even elementary and middle school students are organized to study, you must remember the appearance characteristics of the two kings.
In addition to the Second King incident, the most talked-about at the time was the celebrity Chi Zhiqiang's imprisonment.
Chi Zhiqiang, once rated as the second national outstanding young actor, was received by national leaders. According to Chi Zhiqiang's recollection, in 1982, when he was shooting the film "Moon to Mid-Autumn Festival", boys and girls often played together, dancing . At that time, the social atmosphere was relatively open. Chi Zhiqiang had sex with a girl alone after the prom.
However, their bold and forward behavior caused strong dissatisfaction from the neighbors, so the neighbors reported them, accusing them of collectively engaging in improper relations between men and women . After
, "China Youth Daily" published a report titled " new star on the screen, criminals in life ", fictionalized plots such as rape and gang rape, the result was just published, the second Today, people all over the country began calling the Nanjing Public Security Bureau and Nanjing Court, demanding that Chi Zhiqiang be shot in public trial.
Finally, Chi Zhiqiang was sentenced to four years for hooliganism. was released from prison in 1986. In the second year, Chi Zhiqiang transformed into a singer. His album in prison has "Tears from behind bars" ,The sales volume exceeds 10 million. In 1997, after a lapse of ten years, the crime of hooliganism committed by Chi Zhiqiang that year was abolished.
"83 Severe Strike" Achievement
and other incidents, in this overwhelming crackdown, the crackdown began in 1983 and lasted until January 1987, a total of three Stages.
The first stage, from March 1983 to July 1984, the second stage, from August 1984 to December 1985, the third stage, from early April 1986 to National Day 1986. During this period, seized 197,000 criminal gangs nationwide, with 876,000 gang members, arrested a total of 1.772 million criminals, sentenced 1.747 million, and re-education through labor 321,000. Among them, 1.027 million were arrested in the first stage alone. , Sentenced to death, 24,000 people.
In the first stage of the crackdown, the 24,000 people sentenced to death were basically all criminals around the masses, which caused the strongest social response. At that time, in order to cope with the problem of tight detention facilities during this period, surprise construction was carried out across the country, and the warehouses of some units were also converted into temporary cells.
Nowadays, the debate about the August 3rd crackdown is still ongoing. The theoretical circle holds the "objection theory" and the "reflection theory" , and some judicial personnel hold the "affirmation theory". The former president of the Supreme People's Court Xiao Yang said ：
“National security is the fundamental basis for a country’s survival and development, and stability is an overriding event. Years of experience have shown that cracking down on serious criminal crimes in accordance with the law is an effective way to curb the sharp rise in crime.”
Indeed,Under the special historical conditions at that time, the special means of "strike hard" did play a certain positive role. Now 's fight against hard in 1983 has become a soot past, leaving us with experience and lessons. However, we can believe that, as the rule of law system is becoming more and more sound, wrong killings and wrong judgments are gradually withdrawing from the stage of history, and the law in the future will judge everyone from a fairer and fairer perspective.
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