Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty Qianlong reigned for 60 years, and Emperor Jiaqing of Zen became the Supreme Emperor. After he became the Supreme Emperor, he actually manipulated power for more than 3 years before he died. It lasted 63 years. It can be said that it is in Chinese history. There is no emperor who has actually been in power for the longest time.
Emperor Qianlong has a total of 17 sons, and there are many choices. His reign is so long and he has a wealth of experience. It can be said that there are countless people who have read, and there is no problem with his vision. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that Emperor Qianlong has no problem in choosing heirs. It shouldn’t be a big problem, but turned out that Emperor Qianlong chose the fifteenth son Yongyan who was neither the protagonist nor the eldest son, and the mediocre aptitude, to succeed the throne . What is going on today? Song Anzhi said.
The matter of choosing heirs seems to have as many as 17 sons. It is a multiple choice question. In fact, there are many variables. It is not as simple and easy as the appearance of Emperor Qianlong’s sons. It’s not long. Some of them died prematurely, and some did not pass the 30-year-old mark even if they lived to adulthood. So it seems that Emperor Qianlong had as many as 17 sons, but in fact, many of the sons lived a short time ago, only 6. This son lived to be 30 years old.
And what’s more bizarre is that Qianlong emperor’s son will be the reserve, then this son will die. It can be said that it is and whoever will die will stay on the fifteenth son of . Yan broke this terrible law here,Therefore, under the circumstances at that time, Emperor Qianlong’s choices were actually very limited. Although Yongyan was mediocre, he was relatively top-notch among the remaining princes, and he was the best choice among Emperor Qianlong’s helpless choices. .
First, let’s talk about the first successor chosen by Emperor Qianlong. It was influenced by his grandfather Kangxi, who had entered the customs for nearly a hundred years in the Qing Dynasty. The cultural influence is very deep, so the eldest son inheritance system has a great influence on Emperor Qianlong, so Emperor Qianlong established his second son Yonglian as the crown prince in the first year of Qianlong. Although Yonglian was the second son, he was the queen Xiaoxian. Born to the Fucha clan, he was the eldest son of Emperor Qianlong . At that time, it was "span9span ". This matter, and placing this secret decree behind the upright plaque of the Palace of the Qing Dynasty, was tantamount to announcing the establishment of a reserve in a small area.
But the day failed, Yonglian died at the age of 9 in October of the third year of Emperor Qianlong , the sorrowful Emperor Qianlong announced that the secret forehead of Emperor Qianlong will be hidden after the secret He also said: "Yonglian is the birth of the queen, my son is smart, precious, and extraordinary. The naming of the emperor reveals the meaning of inheritance... is not registered, but has been designated as the crown prince_ span9span ".
and ordered the funeral for Yonglian according to the specifications of the crown prince,Shi Duanhui, this is also is the only prince buried as a crown prince in the Qing Dynasty.
After the death of the eldest son Yonglian, Emperor Qianlong’s plan to establish a reserve was temporarily put on hold. It was . The eldest son Yonglian died early, and he was actually the eldest son.) Yong Cong, Emperor Qianlong regarded him as a “subject to the inheritance” and intended to make this son the crown prince . This is the second candidate for successor.
But I never thought this son only lived to be two years old and died of filial piety after 209span 8 _strong 8 After he died, the dream of Emperor Qianlong's eldest son inherited and shattered.
Kangxi Emperor and Qianlong Emperor, both grandfathers and grandchildren, can be said to be firm executors of the eldest son inheritance system, but Emperor Kangxi’s sadness is that there are too many and excellent sons, so accidents occur frequently, and finally give up After the eldest son inheritance system, Emperor Qianlong’s sadness was that his son died early and it was useless to stand up, and the other sons were not so good.
Emperor Qianlong changed his mind and was no longer obsessed with it. began to favor Yongqi, the fifth son of the emperor who was good in all aspects, and intended to establish him as the crown prince , which was the third candidate for successor.
Unfortunately, the fifth son of the emperor was not a long-lived person. He died of illness in the 31st year of Qianlong at the age of 26. A few months before his death, Emperor Qianlong named him the Prince of He Shuorong. It was for the first knight of Emperor Qianlong's sons during his lifetime. It can be said that it was a special treatment. It seemed that he wanted to rush away from the illness in this festive way and leave his beloved son. Unfortunately, the fifth eldest brother died in the end.
More than ten years later, Qianlong recalled the five imperial sons and said: " . At that time, I saw the emperor's five sons more precious than the others, and Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian Language, horse stance, riding and shooting, and algorithms, etc., are all adept at it. They are quite indifferent to them, but expressly, and relapse due to illness ".
In addition to the above three, Qianlong Emperor also has a spare _strong3 candidate for the emperor span8 _strong.
The reason why he said he was the candidate for the spare tire,After the death of Empress Xiaoxian Fucha in the thirteenth year of Qianlong, Empress Xiaoxian was the wife of Emperor Qianlong. Emperor Qianlong had a deep affection for her. How deep is it?
It was so deep that after the death of Empress Xiaoxian, Emperor Qianlong became more and more strict with ministers, changing from leniency to strict. As for the prince, it was because the performance of the eldest son Yonghuang and the third son Yongzhang were not. So sad, not so sad to cry, the furious Emperor Qianlong directly publicly stated that these two people would never inherit the Datong.
For the emperor Yonghuang Qianlong, the eldest son is defined as: " used to be a big brother in the past to cut off the inconvenience, has been insight, I have repeatedly decreed to the parents, Fu Hengjing ". As a result, less than two years later, the eldest son of the emperor died in fear, which was terror to death.
For the emperor's third son, Yongzhang, he commented " . To the third elder brother, I thought there was still hope, and I also gave my decree to the relatives. Dissatisfied, at the age of fourteen years old, no knowledge, this time the Queen’s matter, the way of the son of man cannot be done ". It also excludes San Age from the selection of heirs.
but Qianlong Emperor this "span9span " has considered span8 _span strong before 20.Let's take a look at this point in time. It was the moment when Empress Xiaoxian had just died, and a few months before it was the death of Emperor Qianlong's second son Yong Cong.
Therefore, at this point in time, it is very likely that it was between the third year of Qianlong when the eldest son Yong Cong died of the illness and the eleventh year of Qianlong when his second son Yong Cong was born. Emperor Qianlong did not have a child. The choice had to be considered among the concubines, so the third son of the emperor Yongzhang should be considered by the Emperor Qianlong as "there is still hope" during this blank period without a concubine, and became a candidate for a spare.
and after the second son Yong Cong was born in the eleventh year of Qianlong, the spare tire of the third son Yongzhang was naturally abandoned by the Emperor Qianlong, but he did not expect the second son Yong Cong to be abandoned at the end of the twelfth year of Qianlong. He died a few months later, Empress Xiaoxian died again. At this time, Emperor Qianlong, who was hit by bereavement and bereavement one after another, was already on the verge of collapse, so the eldest son and third son of the emperor who performed poorly under his anger He was publicly kicked out of the list of heirs.
In addition to Yongzhang, the third son of the emperor, the twelfth emperor Yongzhang was actually considered by Emperor Qianlong. Because his mother was the second empress of Qianlong, Nalas, so he ranked No. Twelfth, it was actually the eldest son and the eldest son, because the first two sons had died. After all, Emperor Qianlong still held the attitude of the eldest son inheritance system for a long time, so he must have been considered.
This can also be seen from the name, Qianlong Emperor strong 17strong, the first son of The word "琏" means Chengzong Qi, the second son Yong Cong, the word "琮" takes the meaning of Zongshe, the third son Yong Cong, the word "璂" also has the meaning of Yonggu Jiye , This kind of treatment is not available in the names of other princes.
However, in the 30th year of Qianlong, during the southern tour, The mother of the twelve prince Yong Xang fell out of favor due to hair cutting, and was confined in the apse of Yikun Palace. And the abolition, the breakdown of the relationship between the emperor and empress also affected Yong Zong. In the eyes of Emperor Qianlong, the empress Nara was no longer his wife. The status of Yong Zong's prostitute was not only equal to death in name, but also because of the behavior of his mother. Emperor Qianlong didn't like him , so he was naturally excluded from the selection of heirs.
and since the death of the fifth son of Emperor Yongqi in the 31st year of Qianlong, it is . In the 38th year of Qianlong, the 63-year-old Emperor Qianlong finally determined the heir to the throne, Emperor Miding 15 Zi Yongyan was the crown prince. This time it was okay. The previous rule of whoever died did not fall on Yong Yan. Yong Yan insisted on ascending the throne . Otherwise, Emperor Qianlong would have a headache to choose which prince to inherit the throne.
Let’s take a look at the situation at that time. In the 38th year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong’s son died and died early, leaving only 7 princes, namely: the fourth son of Emperor Yongxuan. , The sixth son of the emperor Yongrong, the eighth son of Yongxuan, the eleventh son of Yongzhen, the twelfth son of Yongyan, the fifteenth son of Yongyan, and the seventeenth son of Yonglin.
First use the exclusion method: the eleventh son of the emperor Yongzheng, because of his mother,Has been completely out.
Yongxue, the fourth son of the emperor, was adopted as Emperor Qianlong’s twelve uncles, and Prince Yinsan, the heir, descended to the county king; the sixth son, Yongrong, was adopted to the twenty-first uncle Shen of Emperor Qianlong. The county king Yinxi is the heir.
is equivalent to Emperor Qianlong adopting an adoptive method to completely kick these two princes out of the heirs.
At this time, there are only four princes left. It is a coincidence that the eighth son and the eleventh son are the same compatriots, and the mother is the imperial concubine Jin Jia of Shujia (precious concubine, Qianlong two After ten years of death, he was named the emperor and noble concubine).
The fifteenth son of the emperor and the seventeenth son of the emperor are also a female compatriot. The mother is the imperial concubine Wei Jia of the emperor Lingyi (the imperial concubine before his death, and the fifteenth son Yongyan was the crown prince in the 60th year of Qianlong. At that time, he was named Queen Xiaoyi).
In terms of age, the emperor seventeen was only 8 years old at the time, and he was not an adult at that time, and because he couldn't read books, and because he couldn't ride or shoot, he was not liked by Emperor Qianlong since he was a child.
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The eighth son of the emperor is notoriously unreliable, and he behaved frivolously. Emperor Qianlong asked him to pray for rain together. Went so far as to leave without authorization,Even the orders of Emperor Qianlong, his father, are not taken into account, which shows how absurd his behavior is.
The eleventh son of the emperor is a literate man, a master of calligraphy, and he ranks alongside Weng Fanggang, Liu Yong, and Tiebao as the "Four Qianlong Schools".
However, he has two major shortcomings, one is that he is not good at riding and shooting; the other is that he is not good at character and he is particularly stingy. The contemporary prince of ritual Zhaoyi said in "Xiaoting Miscellaneous Records" that he was " , instinctively gloomy, so that he could control others with power. Housekeeping is harsh, and the guards mostly use non-criminal reprimands ."
and he was stingy to the death of a horse in the palace. Instead of burying it as usual, he ordered the dead horse to be cooked and the whole family ate horse meat to save food expenses. It became a joke at the time.
Although the emperor's fifteenth son Yong Yan was only 14 years old, he could read through the Five Classics at the age of 13 academically. In terms of life, according to the "Li Chao Shilu", he was "smart" Mechanics is quite popular", so it was deeply loved by Emperor Qianlong.
In terms of background, Yongyan, the fifteenth son of the emperor, is also the tallest. His mother Wei Jia was the imperial concubine when she was alive. The lord of the harem ,After his death in Qianlong sixty years later, he was posthumously named queen. The eighth son and the mother of the eleventh son, Jin Jia, were only noble concubines before their deaths, and they were posthumously named noble concubines after their deaths.
It can be said that in all respects, the fifteenth emperor Yongyan was the only one of the few choices available to the Emperor Qianlong at the time, so although the best emperor He had mediocre qualifications and average level of governance, but he was also the best choice among the few choices of Emperor Qianlong, and the best choice among the helpless choices.
Finally, objectively speaking, although the Jiaqing emperor has a mediocre level of governance, it gives people a very mediocre feeling. It seems that the thing that can be remembered is to get rid of Heshen, but in fact, Jiaqing The emperor was not so mediocre and incompetent.
Because the Qing Dynasty was already going downhill when he came to the throne, and the prosperity of Kang and Qianlong was over, especially his father Qianlong was so happy and left a lot of mess, like the largest uprising in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Bailianjiao The uprising seems to have occurred in the first year of Jiaqing, but it was actually caused by Emperor Qianlong during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. Seriously speaking, the mid-decline of the Qing Dynasty had already begun in the late Qianlong Emperor Jiaqing carried a big pot on his back, and because Emperor Qianlong indulged him, the government officials at that time were corrupted, and it was riddled with blemishes.
In that case, the Jiaqing emperor was able to maintain it and could barely maintain it. It did not cause the rapid decline of the Qing Dynasty. I cannot say how good it isIn fact, it can be regarded as a kind of ability. To be fair, if Jiaqing Emperor is placed in the ascending period of the dynasty rather than the decline period, then he will be a more conservative and benevolent monarch, so the ability of the Jiaqing Emperor is actually not that mediocre, I can only say that he At that time, the Lord of ZTE who was able to turn the tide was able to turn the tide, but if he was not, he naturally seemed very mediocre.
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