The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated: "China adheres to the correct direction of economic globalization ." This judgment is very important and important, and points out a clear political direction for us to comprehensively promote major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
To study and explore the correct direction of economic globalization, the special issue published the full text of the author's speech at the "Globalization Forum" held by the People's Daily in Sanya, Hainan in February 2001. This manuscript was originally published in the 5th issue of " World Economics and Politics " in 2001, and was included in the book "Li Shenming on the Financial Crisis" published by Social Sciences Documentation Press in January 2018.
(I) Regarding what globalization is
We have entered a new millennium and a new century. As the new and old age changes, the old and new century alternate, many new words are shaking or jumping between people's lips and media at high frequency, and "globalization" is one of them. But in front of globalization, colorful attributions are mostly added, such as economic globalization, competitive globalization, globalization of trade , financial globalization, legal globalization, globalization with humanitarian colors, etc. Behind these numerous vocabulary fogs, there are specific substantive contents. Therefore, before discussing globalization, it is very important to reveal the essential connotation of various representative globalization proposals.
Economic globalization in the general sense should refer to the rapid development of high-tech, especially information technology and its industries, which has led to a significant reduction in transportation and communication costs, which directly promotes the rapid development of international trade, cross-border investment and international finance, and the widespread spread and radiation of high-tech, making the entire world economy extremely closely linked. In this sense, economic globalization is an objective requirement and inevitable trend of social productivity and scientific and technological development. It continuously increases the links between economic and trade activities between countries and regions, which is conducive to the rapid exchange and wide application of new knowledge and high-tech, and is conducive to promoting the gradual optimization of economic factors in countries and regions on a global scale, thereby improving their respective economic benefits. This kind of economic globalization in the sense of production socialization has brought new rare development opportunities to all countries and regions, and has also created new favorable conditions for world peace and development. This is the general trend and an irresistible historical trend; no country, region or nation should or should not be left out. Being outside is to be closed to the country; being outside is to be marginalized.
has never left the productivity of production relationship . Just as a person's palm and back of his hands are inseparable for a moment. Today's Western powers advocate economic globalization, market globalization, financial globalization, legal globalization, democratic globalization, humanitarian globalization, etc. are essentially the process of international monopoly capital dominated by these powers and aimed at realizing the interests of a few people around the world in an attempt to conquer the entire world. Because of this, even scholars in Western countries admit that "the essence of globalization is the national interests of economic powers." The globalization that a few Western powers want to achieve is by no means satisfied with maintaining the unjust and unreasonable old order of the international economy in economic terms, but rather trying to establish a new and unjust and unreasonable so-called new international economic order. It is by no means expanding international economic ties, cooperation and exchanges, but also the expansion of globalization by international monopoly capital and a few transnational consortiums. It is even manifested as the infiltration and promotion of its social and political systems and values by a few Western powers. Globalization in the sense of
may be popular for a certain historical period. However, from the perspective of the long history, true fairness and justice will surely achieve the ultimate victory. The unjust and unreasonable old international political and economic order will be replaced by a fair and reasonable new international political and economic order. This globalization advocated by a few Western powers today is by no means an unstoppable historical trend, nor is it the ultimate destination of human development.
It should be pointed out that the economic globalization dominated and dominated by Western powers today contains two attributes: on the one hand, it reflects the current capitalist world's highly developed and advanced productivity; on the other hand, it reflects the narrow self-interest of the monopoly bourgeoisie's efforts to export its mode of production and even its declining lifestyle and values to the world. Current economic globalization is essentially Western-led globalization, and its dual attributes play different or even opposite roles in the cause of human peace and development. The advanced nature of its productivity is to directly promote the rapid development of international trade, transnational investment, international finance and high-tech within a certain historical scope, and promote the significant progress of human material civilization. In this sense, it will benefit mankind and provide a rich material basis for the realization of communism in the future, and therefore has important historical progressive significance.
However, in terms of its narrow self-interest, its essence is the reverse liquidation and reverse revenge on the socialist movements and the national democratic movements that emerged worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s, and is a further infringement and "peaceful" destruction of the vast number of third world countries. A few developed Western countries monopolize the right to formulate and implement globalization rules, and have stepped up exploitation of the vast number of third-world countries, infringed on the economic security and economic sovereignty of third-world countries in a vulnerable position, and even forced these countries to accept their social systems and values, accumulating and intensifying various social contradictions around the world. This Western-led globalization will inevitably ultimately hinder and destroy the development and improvement of the overall productivity of the global society.
In order to make progress in human society and safeguard the fundamental interests of the vast third world countries, and gradually promote the establishment of a fair and reasonable new international economic and political order, carry out trade exchanges, economic and technological cooperation and scientific and cultural exchanges with countries and regions around the world, and promote the cause of peace and development for all mankind, we should speak out and jointly advocate a fair and reasonable globalization.
(II) On the essential connotation of fair and reasonable globalization
On the essential connotation of fair and reasonable globalization, Chinese President Jiang Zemin gave insightful explanations during the speech of UN Millennium Summit and in November 2000 at APEC EC3’s eighth leader informal meeting .
The issue of globalization involves the fundamental interests of the entire human race, all countries and peoples. In view of this, when we talk about globalization, we must adhere to the "global" perspective, and we must never look at the issue from the perspective of a few countries, a few interest groups and a few people. Maintaining world peace and striving for the development and progress of human society should become the highest guiding principle of globalization; we should clearly advocate the globalization in which the entire mankind and all countries in the world share the benefits fairly and widely.
First, we advocate the globalization of gradually common prosperity.
The preamble to "United Nations Charter " clearly states: "My people of the United Nations are determined to... use international institutions to promote the progress of the global people's economy and society"; Article 55 of the United Nations Charter also states that the United Nations should promote "a higher level of living, employment for all people, and economic and social progress" internationally. However, today's economic globalization has not only not met the requirements stipulated in the UN Charter, but has further expanded the " digital divide " between the majority, the majority, and the minority, and the minority.
Please see the facts: First, the income gap between wealthy and poor countries was 60:1 in 1990, and reached 74:1 in 1997. In 1999, the per capita GDP ratio of the richest countries (US$30,600) and the poorest countries ( Ethiopia was only 100 US dollars) reached 300:1. Currently, of the world's 6 billion people, 3 billion people have less than US$2 in their daily living expenses, of which 1.2 billion are less than US$1. The wealth of the three richest people in the world is more than the sum of the GDP of 48 countries. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly stated: "China adheres to the correct direction of economic globalization
." This judgment is very important and important, and points out a clear political direction for us to comprehensively promote major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
To study and explore the correct direction of economic globalization, the special issue published the full text of the author's speech at the "Globalization Forum" held by the People's Daily in Sanya, Hainan in February 2001. This manuscript was originally published in the 5th issue of " World Economics and Politics " in 2001, and was included in the book "Li Shenming on the Financial Crisis" published by Social Sciences Documentation Press in January 2018.
(I) Regarding what globalization is
We have entered a new millennium and a new century. As the new and old age changes, the old and new century alternate, many new words are shaking or jumping between people's lips and media at high frequency, and "globalization" is one of them. But in front of globalization, colorful attributions are mostly added, such as economic globalization, competitive globalization, globalization of trade , financial globalization, legal globalization, globalization with humanitarian colors, etc. Behind these numerous vocabulary fogs, there are specific substantive contents. Therefore, before discussing globalization, it is very important to reveal the essential connotation of various representative globalization proposals.
Economic globalization in the general sense should refer to the rapid development of high-tech, especially information technology and its industries, which has led to a significant reduction in transportation and communication costs, which directly promotes the rapid development of international trade, cross-border investment and international finance, and the widespread spread and radiation of high-tech, making the entire world economy extremely closely linked. In this sense, economic globalization is an objective requirement and inevitable trend of social productivity and scientific and technological development. It continuously increases the links between economic and trade activities between countries and regions, which is conducive to the rapid exchange and wide application of new knowledge and high-tech, and is conducive to promoting the gradual optimization of economic factors in countries and regions on a global scale, thereby improving their respective economic benefits. This kind of economic globalization in the sense of production socialization has brought new rare development opportunities to all countries and regions, and has also created new favorable conditions for world peace and development. This is the general trend and an irresistible historical trend; no country, region or nation should or should not be left out. Being outside is to be closed to the country; being outside is to be marginalized.
has never left the productivity of production relationship . Just as a person's palm and back of his hands are inseparable for a moment. Today's Western powers advocate economic globalization, market globalization, financial globalization, legal globalization, democratic globalization, humanitarian globalization, etc. are essentially the process of international monopoly capital dominated by these powers and aimed at realizing the interests of a few people around the world in an attempt to conquer the entire world. Because of this, even scholars in Western countries admit that "the essence of globalization is the national interests of economic powers." The globalization that a few Western powers want to achieve is by no means satisfied with maintaining the unjust and unreasonable old order of the international economy in economic terms, but rather trying to establish a new and unjust and unreasonable so-called new international economic order. It is by no means expanding international economic ties, cooperation and exchanges, but also the expansion of globalization by international monopoly capital and a few transnational consortiums. It is even manifested as the infiltration and promotion of its social and political systems and values by a few Western powers. Globalization in the sense of
may be popular for a certain historical period. However, from the perspective of the long history, true fairness and justice will surely achieve the ultimate victory. The unjust and unreasonable old international political and economic order will be replaced by a fair and reasonable new international political and economic order. This globalization advocated by a few Western powers today is by no means an unstoppable historical trend, nor is it the ultimate destination of human development.
It should be pointed out that the economic globalization dominated and dominated by Western powers today contains two attributes: on the one hand, it reflects the current capitalist world's highly developed and advanced productivity; on the other hand, it reflects the narrow self-interest of the monopoly bourgeoisie's efforts to export its mode of production and even its declining lifestyle and values to the world. Current economic globalization is essentially Western-led globalization, and its dual attributes play different or even opposite roles in the cause of human peace and development. The advanced nature of its productivity is to directly promote the rapid development of international trade, transnational investment, international finance and high-tech within a certain historical scope, and promote the significant progress of human material civilization. In this sense, it will benefit mankind and provide a rich material basis for the realization of communism in the future, and therefore has important historical progressive significance.
However, in terms of its narrow self-interest, its essence is the reverse liquidation and reverse revenge on the socialist movements and the national democratic movements that emerged worldwide in the 1950s and 1960s, and is a further infringement and "peaceful" destruction of the vast number of third world countries. A few developed Western countries monopolize the right to formulate and implement globalization rules, and have stepped up exploitation of the vast number of third-world countries, infringed on the economic security and economic sovereignty of third-world countries in a vulnerable position, and even forced these countries to accept their social systems and values, accumulating and intensifying various social contradictions around the world. This Western-led globalization will inevitably ultimately hinder and destroy the development and improvement of the overall productivity of the global society.
In order to make progress in human society and safeguard the fundamental interests of the vast third world countries, and gradually promote the establishment of a fair and reasonable new international economic and political order, carry out trade exchanges, economic and technological cooperation and scientific and cultural exchanges with countries and regions around the world, and promote the cause of peace and development for all mankind, we should speak out and jointly advocate a fair and reasonable globalization.
(II) On the essential connotation of fair and reasonable globalization
On the essential connotation of fair and reasonable globalization, Chinese President Jiang Zemin gave insightful explanations during the speech of UN Millennium Summit and in November 2000 at APEC EC3’s eighth leader informal meeting .
The issue of globalization involves the fundamental interests of the entire human race, all countries and peoples. In view of this, when we talk about globalization, we must adhere to the "global" perspective, and we must never look at the issue from the perspective of a few countries, a few interest groups and a few people. Maintaining world peace and striving for the development and progress of human society should become the highest guiding principle of globalization; we should clearly advocate the globalization in which the entire mankind and all countries in the world share the benefits fairly and widely.
First, we advocate the globalization of gradually common prosperity.
The preamble to "United Nations Charter " clearly states: "My people of the United Nations are determined to... use international institutions to promote the progress of the global people's economy and society"; Article 55 of the United Nations Charter also states that the United Nations should promote "a higher level of living, employment for all people, and economic and social progress" internationally. However, today's economic globalization has not only not met the requirements stipulated in the UN Charter, but has further expanded the " digital divide " between the majority, the majority, and the minority, and the minority.
Please see the facts: First, the income gap between wealthy and poor countries was 60:1 in 1990, and reached 74:1 in 1997. In 1999, the per capita GDP ratio of the richest countries (US$30,600) and the poorest countries ( Ethiopia was only 100 US dollars) reached 300:1. Currently, of the world's 6 billion people, 3 billion people have less than US$2 in their daily living expenses, of which 1.2 billion are less than US$1. The wealth of the three richest people in the world is more than the sum of the GDP of 48 countries.Second, the gap between the rich and the poor in many countries (including the United States and the United Kingdom) is also widening. Between 1977 and 1999, the after-tax income of the poorest households in the United States (excluding factors such as inflation ) fell by 9%, while the richest households increased by 43%. That is to say, the wealthiest 2.7 million Americans have the same income as the 100 million people at the bottom of the economy; those who make a living on the minimum wage earn the dollar today at the actual price of the dollar is not as good as it was 30 years ago.
A few people and a few countries are getting richer, and most people and a majority are getting poorer. This will inevitably lead to great instability in both one country and the world. This is something that Western knowledgeable politicians can see. Former IMF President Kandsu believes that unbearable poverty is the biggest systematized threat to the globalized world. Worfenson, President of the World Bank , also clearly pointed out that "an unjust world is a dangerous world."
For the peace and development of our planet, we call on us to achieve the globalization of gradually common prosperity for all mankind and all countries in the world, and by no means the globalization of prosperity within some minority people, a few specific groups, a few specific countries or a few specific countries community.
Second, we advocate globalization of equality, justice, reciprocity and win-win.
The process of world economic globalization today is mainly led and promoted by a few Western powers. Such globalization is extremely unfair to the vast majority of third-world countries. This injustice is mainly reflected in the following aspects.
1 is the inequality of international industrial division of labor. This is the result of the long history of colonial rule and the formation and development of capitalist modes of production. Hundreds of years have passed, and this problem has not only not been solved, but has become more serious in some aspects. High-tech with information technology as the center is developing rapidly in Western powers, but the vast majority of third-world countries generally still play the role of "rural worlds" in the international economy. The production of simple processing industries or labor-intensive finished products that are seriously polluted, labor-intensive and cheap are still a common reality in their economic and social life. Its status of its subordination and plunder, enslavement and control of industrially developed countries has not changed substantially.
The second is the inequality of in the international trade system of . First of all, the inequality of rules. The international practices and rules currently used in international economic exchanges and cooperation are mainly formulated by Western powers, including quite a lot of extremely unreasonable and extremely unfair terms that discriminate, bully, and harm third world countries. For example, after the fall of Berlin Wall, the so-called Uruguay round appeared. For example, agricultural products and processed foods are the most exported products in the third world countries, and the tariffs set by the West on them are far higher than the tariff levels between them. The United States, Canada, , EU and Japan, the so-called "quadruple" countries have an average tariff range from 4.3% in Japan to 8.3% in Canada. But their tariffs on third-world countries, including agriculture and processed products, often exceed 100%, and some reach 550%. This makes it difficult for third-world countries to enter their markets. For example, the West stipulates that the production process is included in the so-called international "fair trade standard", believing that the goods produced by Third World using cheap labor under simple production conditions are not standard production, and they refuse to import. The second is price inequality. Since Western powers have the right to decide the prices of most commodities in the world market, they arbitrarily raise the prices of industrial finished products, especially high-tech products, and maliciously lower the prices of raw materials and various primary products. For example, rubber-producing countries could buy 6 tractors with 25 tons of rubber in the 1960s, but by the 1980s, they could only buy 2 tractors with the same amount of rubber. In the international trade division system, the vast majority of third-world countries are in a very unfavorable position of exploitation and exploitation.
Third, inequality in the international financial and monetary system.The loan conditions of Western powers are becoming increasingly harsh. The vast majority of third-world countries not only lack funds, but also have high debts in the long run. At present, the Third World owes a total of US$2.5 trillion in debt to developed Western countries, and 25% of the annual export earnings are used to repay debts, but the debt is getting more and more. In 1990, Latin America had $500 billion in debt, and since then, the principal and interest payments have reached $780 billion, but now its debts are still $800 billion.
The above inequality is the root cause of the poor becoming poorer and the rich becoming richer. For the cause of peace and development of mankind, it is necessary to create a good external environment for the development of the vast number of third world countries, and economic globalization must be based on the basis of equality, justice, reciprocity and win-win results of all countries.
Third, we advocate the globalization of sharing human civilization and high-tech achievements.
It can be said that the Internet is a microcosm and representative of the world's high-tech technology today. However, the main ones who enjoy this high-tech achievement are Western powers. By February 2000, the number of people online in North America was close to 140 million, and Europe was 70 million. Asia, which accounted for the largest proportion of the world's population, was less than 60 million, Latin America, and , the Middle East, , and Africa could almost be ignored. The United States has more computers than the rest of the world combined. And about half of the people in the world today have never used their phones. Francis Fukuyama , a professor at George Mason University in the United States, known for announcing the "end of history", calls this phenomenon the "Era of Global Technological Hegemony in the United States." The United States' " Declaration of Independence " emphasizes that "everyone is born equal", but how inequality is between people when it comes to enjoying modern human technology and civilization. Therefore, it can be said that in addition to the national boundary line defined by boundary markers or landmines or barbed wire, there is also an invisible national boundary line that can be divided by whether high-tech can be created, owned and applied.
Human civilization is the result of the joint creation of the whole world over thousands of years. Every nation has contributed to the construction of the world's tallest science and technology hall, but the share of science and technology enjoyed by countries and nations in the world today is a world of difference. The history of the United States is only more than 220 years, but it has occupied the peak of high-tech today. The reason is that, first, the hard work and wisdom of the people of our country. Second, it uses the inheritance and accumulation of civilizations of other countries and nations for thousands of years without compensation. Before 1891, the United States completely refused to recognize foreign patent rights. Third, it used the money it seized from guns and excess profits it obtained through unequal trade, invested in technology and purchased a large amount of patented technology at a low price. Fourth, we will absorb high-tech talents from all over the world. According to National Science Foundation statistics, in 1995, there were 12 million scientific and engineering projects in the United States, of which 72% were born in third world countries. Talent outflow is a cheap technology transfer from third world countries to Western powers. This is also a very important reason why the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer in today's globalization. Fifth, in the name of protecting intellectual property rights, various measures were adopted to block high-tech technologies, and even registered patents in the recipient country, dumped their products at a low price, suppressing or even destroying the other party's independent scientific research and development capabilities. At the same time, Western powers also transferred some outdated technologies to third-world countries at high prices, further causing the dependence between third-world countries and their industrial upgrading and technological progress, in an attempt to keep third-world countries at the bottom of the international vertical division of labor system forever. This is essentially the practice of the "geese walking model" proposed by Japanese scholars in the 1930s in today's world.
In a sense, the globalization dominated by Western powers is the globalization that combines monopoly capital and monopoly technology. While we vigorously promote and protect intellectual property rights and encourage knowledge innovation, we should be vigilant and oppose the implementation of scientific and technological blockade, monopoly and exploitation in international economic, political and cultural exchanges, and exercise scientific and technological hegemony.The globalization we have achieved should be a globalization with rapid development of high-tech science and technology in all countries around the world and highly developed social productivity in all countries around the world; it should be a globalization with the development of all mankind as the welfare, and countries around the world share the achievements of human civilization and scientific and technological achievements. Even knowledgeable people in the West are shouting: "We should share the benefits of globalization by promoting technological progress in poor countries."
Fourth, we advocate sustainable globalization.
Who is the " Columbus " in today's economic globalization? It is undoubtedly monopoly capital. Why is the United States in the world today's world dominant in all areas such as economy, politics, military, science and technology, culture and information? In a sense, because it has absolute hegemony in finance. First, it issued long-term government bonds with a term of 30 years. Many of these long-term government bonds are Japan, Western Europe , Arabia and some countries in the Third World. At the end of 1999, the cumulative balance of US Treasury bonds was $5.77 trillion. Second, its stock market has been booming for a long time, with a total market value of up to US$17 trillion. A considerable proportion is held abroad. Third, the US dollar is the world's base currency, with nearly 300 billion US dollars circulating overseas. By the end of 1999, the total assets of foreigners in U.S. financial have reached US$8 trillion.
Currently, the US dollar actually utilizes 72% of the world's total net savings. International monopoly bourgeois masters this huge asset and accumulates a huge financial "black hole". To date, there are hot money in the world, waiting for an opportunity to launch an financial crisis in a corner of the world. In today's increasingly informatized world, the " butterfly effect " of international financial turmoil will become more and more obvious. From 1997 to 1998 alone, East Asia suffered nearly US$3 trillion in losses, and more than 13 million people lost their jobs. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir sighed with infinite sadness: We have worked hard for thirty or forty years to develop our country before we can reach the level we are today. Suddenly, someone has destroyed our achievements in just a few weeks with a few billion US dollars. Now the total transaction volume of the world financial market every trading day is as high as US$3 trillion, but more than 98% of it has nothing to do with commodity trade. Such financial globalization has significantly increased the risks of economic operation in various countries, especially the economic sovereignty and economic security of third-world countries in a vulnerable position are facing new challenges, which greatly affects the sustainable development of global economy .
Now, people are talking about whether the US economy is a "hard landing" or a "soft landing". The U.S. economy has continued to grow for nearly 10 years. The US economy is likely to remain in growth in the foreseeable recent years. However, the U.S. economy has a serious crisis. The issuance of international currencies through government bonds, stock markets, and the issuance of international currencies is not only the fastest way to quickly seize world wealth, but it is also a powerful leverage to aggravate economic risks. From early and mid-March 2000 to early December 2000, the Nasdaq index in the U.S. stock market has fallen by nearly 50%, and the Dow Jones index is also hovering around 10,000 points. In 2000, the U.S. trade deficit of is expected to reach more than US$450 billion.
Coupled with the widespread debt consumption of the US public and the accumulated fiscal deficit of nearly 6 trillion US dollars, the factors that have increased the factors of the serious economic crisis in the United States. In January 2000, the U.S. Foreign Affairs Commission invited 75 financial and political experts to conduct a special financial crisis simulation exercise. These experts believe that "economic and financial issues pose no less threat to national security in the future than bombs and missiles." Soros, an American financial expert known as the "financial genius", despite overturning his prediction that the international financial system, would soon collapse, still insisted that "the US economy will inevitably experience a 'hard landing'." The US GDP accounts for one-third of the world's total. The serious economic crisis hidden in the United States is not only a serious threat to the United States, but also to the sustainable development of countries around the world, especially third world countries.
Another fundamental restrictive factor affecting the sustainable development of mankind and countries around the world is the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment caused by economic globalization.8,000 years ago, two-thirds of the land area were lush forests. Some experts warn that the remaining primeval forests will disappear from the earth within 10 years. According to a year-long in-depth study by all US intelligence agencies and many large think tanks, a total of more than 3 billion people living in southern California to northern China will be "water-deficient". In the past half a century, 66% of arable land has been damaged by soil erosion, desertification, pollution, etc., and more and more chemical pollutants poured into the water and soil. ozone layer "occupies about three times the total area of the 48 states in the United States." The contradiction between the infinite expansion of production and capital and the finiteness of the earth's resources is becoming increasingly prominent. Rich people and rich countries consume most of the resources on the earth. An American with a life expectancy of 80 years old consumes about 200 million liters of water, 20 million liters of gasoline, 10,000 tons of steel and 1,000 big trees of wood in his lifetime. If everyone on Earth lives like Americans and emits harmful substances accordingly, we need 20 Earths. However, third world countries and poor people suffer from the deterioration of the earth's ecological environment. Currently, the number of deaths caused by nutritional deficiency and other reasons accounts for 15% of the death toll in third world countries. The number of deaths caused by deteriorating living environments accounts for 20% of the deaths in third world countries.
Therefore, we call for a sustainable globalization to avoid financial risks, protect and improve the human living environment.
Fifth, we advocate globalization that strictly complies with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and recognized norms of international relations.
People of all countries in the world who have suffered from the sufferings of two world wars, with the lofty belief of "to avoid the tragic disasters of future generations from being tragic to today's mankind", more than fifty years ago, not only established a universal international organization with the purpose of maintaining world peace and security and promoting international cooperation, the United Nations, but also drafted and signed the "United Nations Charter", an epoch-making document in the history of international relations.
The purpose and principles of the Charter of the United Nations are not only the basic principles of the United Nations, but have also become the basic norm for guiding modern international relations and the legal basis for the people of the world to strive for peace and development and oppose the political power of power. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, which China first established with India and Myanmar in 1954, was also accepted by more and more countries in the world, and was included in the recognized norms regarding international relations in different forms and degrees. The purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the recognized norms of international relations are the crystallization of human civilization and wisdom. History has proved and will continue to prove that only by strictly following the principles of maintaining equality between sovereign states and non-interference in internal affairs, can humanity and various countries in the world win peace and development. On the contrary, if wars come everywhere, economic and social development will be severely damaged. Today, with the rapid development of economic globalization, we need to uphold and comply with the common principles of human peace and development.
However, now a few Western powers in the world often ignore the common principles of human peace and development. As the new millennium approaches, some major powers even unconcealedly declare that the "most fundamental problem" is to continue to maintain the country's "leading role in the world" when formulating foreign policies in the era of globalization. To achieve this, they pursued conservative realism, which was to rely mainly on military forces as the basis of their foreign policy, and to reorganize the army as a long-term task before the new president. They advocate "humanitarian intervention", bypassing UN actions if necessary, and even attempting to turn the UN into its own "tamed diplomatic tool." Even the United Nations itself wants to control and manipulate, let alone respect the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. This will inevitably bring new unstable factors to human peace and development.
The existence of the United Nations and the United Nations Charters are based on the existence of sovereign states as the basis and prerequisite. Just in dealing with increasingly complex and changing world markets, the deeper the economic globalization, the more countries need to adjust it.Therefore, in the process of economic globalization, the role of states should not be weakened, but should be further enhanced.
We believe that the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the recognized norms of international relations are the most basic legal basis and criterion for globalization. The globalization we advocate should be globalization where people of all countries independently choose social systems and development paths, and determine the way and speed of opening up; it should be globalization where countries around the world, especially major countries, must strictly abide by the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries, and do not impose their own development model on the globalization of other countries; it should be globalization where countries respect each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, live in harmony, treat each other equally, and benefit and win-win; it should be globalization where international disputes are reasonably resolved through peaceful means, and should never resort to force or threaten by force; it should be globalization where all countries participate in and negotiated resolutions, rather than the globalization where one or several major countries monopolize international affairs.
No. 6, we advocate the globalization of coexistence and prosperity of the excellent cultural traditions of all countries and nations.
The world is colorful. Every country and nation has its own cultural traditions and development model. All countries and nations in the world have made their own contributions to jointly building the historical edifice of human civilization for thousands of years. The excellent cultural traditions of all countries and nations are treasures of the spiritual heritage of all mankind and the world. Eastern culture has a long history and is splendid and rich; Western culture is dazzling and full of essences. In the process of globalization, we should respect the diversity of different countries, different cultures and different civilizations; at the same time, we support all kinds of cultures and civilizations to learn from each other, and build our own new culture and new civilization through the intersection and integration of learning and reference.
The globalization of the world today is by no means a pure economic process, but also a process of promoting Western cultural values and political concepts through economic expansion. In the process of globalization, there are many people who attempt to "transform" the world with a single culture and a single value. The fundamental purpose of the "Clash of Civilization Theory" that was hyped in the past few years was to prepare for public opinion to rule the world with a culture and a value concept. From the perspective of globalization, in today's world, some developed Western countries are trying to place their culture and values in a global dominance with their strong economic, political, military, scientific and technological, information and other strengths. Of course, we should see that through global media, entertainment, trade and tourism, globalization has enabled various countries and ethnic groups to contact and understand various excellent cultures in the world, which is undoubtedly of great significance to the healthy development of globalization.
However, a very small number of Western powers, either aiming to pursue commercial money or conquer the world, engage in "cultural hegemony", thus causing a serious imbalance in cultural exchanges between various countries, ethnic groups and a few Western powers. This has also led to the spread of decadent and dirty ingredients in Western culture in some third world countries, and has caused the local excellent cultural traditions to shrink. Even many European politicians and scholars are extremely dissatisfied with the United States' forcibly promoting their own culture. The French public opinion circle has even launched a wave of "boycotting American cultural invasion".
Some Western politicians and scholars always attribute the poverty of third world countries to the backwardness of culture, especially values. Let’s look at it vertically: American economist Thurro counted the changes in the rankings of the world’s top 20 richest countries from 1870 to 1988, and then came to the conclusion that it was very difficult for poor countries to squeeze into the ranks of rich countries. In the 128-year historical span, there was only one truly successful country - Japan. Of course, Thero missed the Soviet Union, which had once squeezed into the ranks of rich countries. The looting of old and new colonialists is one of the fundamental reasons for the poverty of the vast number of third world countries. In the second half of the 19th century, imperialism plundered more than 1 billion taels of silver dollars in China, equivalent to 16 times the annual fiscal revenue of the Qing government in 1900.During the period of primitive accumulation of capitalism, colonialists hunted and trafficked slaves from Africa to America and other regions, and a total of 100 million people, including the number of deaths on the way.
From a horizontal perspective, there are about 210 countries and regions in the world now. Except for a very few socialist countries , the rest are all engaged in private ownership according to Western or similar values. However, except for more than 20 countries, more than 180 countries and regions still have a look and are even becoming increasingly poor. According to Western values, there are very few people who have become rich, but there are many examples that have declined sharply according to their prescriptions. Western powers used various means and even invested huge amounts of money, including using economic aid as bait to consciously sell neoliberal values such as "democratization", "privatization", and " multi-party system " to the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Africa. Today, the flowers of ideas of these values have bear the fruits of sharp economic decline and comprehensive social regression. It is worth noting that some Western powers are trying to reuse other countries' attempts to retake the same trick. They use various methods to promote their thoughts, culture, and especially their values. The essence is to try to quietly promote "political globalization" while promoting economic globalization.
The cultural traditions and characteristics of any country and any nation in the world are accumulated in the bones of these countries and nations and rushing in the blood of these countries and nations. These traditions and characteristics cannot be replaced by foreign cultures at will. Therefore, all countries and nations should first maintain and promote the excellent culture of their own nation; at the same time, they should also respect the cultural traditions of different characteristics and styles of other countries and nations. The international community should give more respect, understanding and support to regional culture, ethnic minority culture, and especially the traditional culture of third world countries.
With the high development of global productivity and the great improvement of the ideological and cultural level of all mankind, the global production mode, economic system, and political system will eventually achieve "great harmony", but cultural traditions and national characteristics will not and cannot be unified, but should be diverse.
(III) Regarding how to achieve fair and reasonable globalization
1. We must firmly believe in the general trend of historical development
Marx once said: "No matter which social form, it will never perish until all the productivity they can accommodate is exerted." The United States is the heart and engine of Western globalization, and its potential productivity has not yet been released. In recent years, no country in the world has been able to compete with the United States in terms of economy, technology and military strength. Therefore, the momentum of Western globalization will continue to be an expansion in recent years. It is not too pessimistic to look at the problem in this way.
However, globalization dominated by a few Western powers has never eliminated the basic contradiction between the private possession of means of production and the socialization of production. It is only that within a certain period of time, it adopts a new special form that is different from the early capitalist stage and passes it on to other countries. The third world countries are the main force and new force in opposing imperialism, colonialism, hegemony, and power politics and building a new international political and economic order. Although this force has weakened in recent years, we firmly believe that the vast majority of third-world countries will never be at the arbitrary mercy of Western powers and are carrying out various struggles within their ability. Western globalization has been and will continue to be boycotted by countries around the world, especially third world countries.
can be asserted that as wealth and capital further gather to a very small number of people on a global scale, it will further aggravate the polarization between a few powerful countries and the vast majority of third world countries. The livelihoods of the vast majority of people and nations in the world will become worse, and the basic contradictions in private possession of means of production and socialization of production will inevitably become more acute. Therefore, a new round of struggles to safeguard national independence and sovereignty, maintain equality, mutual benefit and common development, and establish a truly just and reasonable new international economic and political order will surely flourish. The transformation of socialism from theory and movement to institutional form was the greatest event of the 20th century.Socialism is a new stage of human civilization, and its value goal is the liberation of all mankind. This not only meets the requirements of the survival and development of the entire society, but also meets the historical laws of human social development. The emergence of basic contradictions in the process of economic globalization will inevitably call for the rejuvenation of socialism.
Around the middle of the 21st century, it is very likely to be another sunny day for the national democratic movement and socialist movement around the world. Of course, there are still possible to encounter new twists and setbacks. But history always rises and moves forward in spiral twists and turns. Like other social forms before, capitalist social forms have a historical process of occurrence, development and demise. Therefore, Western globalization, that is, the globalization of neoliberalism led by a few Western powers, cannot resist the historical trend that socialism will inevitably replace capitalism, and it is even more impossible forever to last forever.
2. We must actively participate and calmly respond to
Economic globalization led by Western powers is certainly a severe challenge to the third world, but we must also see that this globalization is an objective requirement and inevitable trend of the development of large-scale socialized production, a prominent manifestation of the development of modern science and technology, the "primary productive force", and an advancement and leap in global productivity. Therefore, we have no choice but to face and actively participate. We must never try to stay out of it because such globalization will inevitably bring us all kinds of disadvantages and potential risks. All countries and nations in the world have their own strengths and characteristics. Therefore, every country and nation in the world needs to implement an open policy and learn from other countries and nations. Especially today with the rapid development of high-tech technology, we should not be arrogant and close our country. Otherwise, you will inevitably fall behind, and you will be beaten if you fall behind. We should see not only the severe challenges that Western globalization has brought to us, but also the rare development opportunities it brings to us. In a sense, the great achievements made by China in more than 20 years of reform and opening up are the result of China's active participation in economic globalization.
In the process of opening up and participating in globalization, all countries and nations must combine their respective national conditions and characteristics, adhere to the principle of seeking profit and avoiding harm, and make choices, and must never copy them. Otherwise, it will endanger your own survival. We must judge the situation, and formulate a set of development strategies and response measures to participate in the process of economic globalization based on the general trend of the world and the actual national conditions of our country. We must independently decide the steps, progress and depth of our country's participation in globalization based on the actual situation of our country and the best interests of our country and the nation, and decide the methods and methods of participation. We must boldly learn and learn from advanced foreign science and technology, management mechanisms and experiences; we must not only not learn from things that reflect the capitalist system and its nature, such as privatization and the practice of plundering and exploiting other countries and nations, but we must also resolutely resist.
We must continuously reform and improve our country's economic and political system, establish and improve the corresponding legal system; accelerate the development of education and science and technology, cultivate urgently needed professional talents in all aspects as soon as possible, and actively cultivate the innovation capabilities and systems of the country and the nation; formulate correct industrial policies, pay attention to cultivating advantageous industries, enterprises and products with their own characteristics and international competitiveness; in view of the accelerated international flow of capital and rapid changes in financial turmoil in economic globalization, adopt appropriate and correct methods to strengthen financial supervision, etc.
3. We must carry out a reasonable, beneficial and concise struggle
The vast number of third world countries have always been an important force on the UN stage, and have staged one scene after another of majestic live dramas that defend their own interests. The WTO is the economic UN in the world today. On the WTO stage, including some other appropriate opportunities and occasions in the international world, the vast majority of third world countries must dare to and be good at fighting the existing old international economic order, actively participate in the formulation of various rules for international economic exchanges and cooperation, and actively call for and promote the revision of unfair and unreasonable rules.
At the same time, we can also promote the establishment and development of international regional economic cooperation organizations based on the principle of nearby organization exchanges and take advantage of the contradictions between different economic interests within developed Western countries, so as to gradually establish a truly fair and reasonable new international economic order that conforms to the economic interests of third world countries, so as to better safeguard the long-term and fundamental interests of the vast number of third world countries and nations. In the face of blockade, interference and bullying by Western powers, we must have a national spirit of not believing in evil, not afraid of ghosts, not bend over, and not showing weakness. Only by daring to be good at fighting and seeking development in struggle can we remain calm in the face of changes, avoid the misfortune of being Westernized, weakened, and vassalized, maintain the independence of our country and nation in terms of economic, political and sovereignty, and become increasingly stronger.
4. We must unite and unite
is determined by the increasingly global flow and domination of monopoly capital, and opposing capital exploitation and domination are becoming increasingly global. Most of the national strength of third world countries is relatively weak, and it is often difficult to cope with the challenges of globalization by their own efforts. Therefore, unity and joint struggle are inevitable choices for third world countries. Third world countries have similar experiences, and have experienced the history of being enslaved and oppressed before independence; after independence, they faced a common task, namely opposing hegemony, maintaining world peace, and developing national economy. Compared with Western powers, third world countries have great advantages in the number of countries, population, regional area, strategic transportation lines, land and marine resources they have. Taking the World Trade Organization as an example, among the 139 member states, third-world countries account for 3/4. The Third World has a fine tradition of unity, cooperation and mutual support. The "Non-Aligned Movement" and the "Group of Seventy-Seven" are still important stages with wide influence in the world's political and economic fields.
The Western power hopes from the bottom of his heart that the Third World will always be in a state of fragmentation. Therefore, as long as the vast number of third world countries can deeply understand the fundamental common interests, adhere to mutual respect for the sovereignty of all countries, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, mutual cooperation, seek common ground while reserving differences, they will surely be able to properly resolve various historical problems, further unite and strive, so as to further strengthen their position in dialogue between the north and the south, effectively promote the establishment of a fair and reasonable new international economic and political order, and may gradually change the nature of economic globalization, and guide globalization to develop in a direction that is beneficial to the vast number of third world countries.
5. We must conduct in-depth discussions and promote theoretical innovations
Only correct theories reflect the essence and laws, and can become the pioneer and guide of action. To effectively curb the negative effects of Western globalization and to make the Third World Development Movement enter another glory, we must strengthen scientific research on the dynamics of Western globalization, and we must provide scientific answers to globalization and its major theoretical and practical issues in the Third World. Not only does economic globalization not only do not and cannot eliminate the basic principles of Marxism, but it further proves the correctness of its basic principles. Marx and Engels's discourse on capital opening up the world market in the "Communist Manifesto" has caused deepening exchanges between the world's nations, which has been repeatedly cited by many famous scholars who discuss globalization. Even as mankind enters the 21st century, Marxism remains the most charming and tense thought around the world. The development prospects of Marxism in the 21st century are extremely broad, and we are full of confidence in this.
Of course, with the expansion and deepening of Western globalization, contemporary capitalism has experienced some new changes that Marxism-Leninism had never expected back then, and after all, some new major problems have been raised. Correct theories that conform to the reality of development in the Third World require the arduous practice and successful creation of the countries and people of the Third World, and the summary, improvement and innovation of conscientious politicians, thinkers and theorists. We firmly believe that under the guidance of correct theory, all people who love peace, seek development, and maintain justice will unite and work together to make the development prospects of mankind in the 21st century better.
The loan conditions of Western powers are becoming increasingly harsh. The vast majority of third-world countries not only lack funds, but also have high debts in the long run. At present, the Third World owes a total of US$2.5 trillion in debt to developed Western countries, and 25% of the annual export earnings are used to repay debts, but the debt is getting more and more. In 1990, Latin America had $500 billion in debt, and since then, the principal and interest payments have reached $780 billion, but now its debts are still $800 billion.The above inequality is the root cause of the poor becoming poorer and the rich becoming richer. For the cause of peace and development of mankind, it is necessary to create a good external environment for the development of the vast number of third world countries, and economic globalization must be based on the basis of equality, justice, reciprocity and win-win results of all countries.
Third, we advocate the globalization of sharing human civilization and high-tech achievements.
It can be said that the Internet is a microcosm and representative of the world's high-tech technology today. However, the main ones who enjoy this high-tech achievement are Western powers. By February 2000, the number of people online in North America was close to 140 million, and Europe was 70 million. Asia, which accounted for the largest proportion of the world's population, was less than 60 million, Latin America, and , the Middle East, , and Africa could almost be ignored. The United States has more computers than the rest of the world combined. And about half of the people in the world today have never used their phones. Francis Fukuyama , a professor at George Mason University in the United States, known for announcing the "end of history", calls this phenomenon the "Era of Global Technological Hegemony in the United States." The United States' " Declaration of Independence " emphasizes that "everyone is born equal", but how inequality is between people when it comes to enjoying modern human technology and civilization. Therefore, it can be said that in addition to the national boundary line defined by boundary markers or landmines or barbed wire, there is also an invisible national boundary line that can be divided by whether high-tech can be created, owned and applied.
Human civilization is the result of the joint creation of the whole world over thousands of years. Every nation has contributed to the construction of the world's tallest science and technology hall, but the share of science and technology enjoyed by countries and nations in the world today is a world of difference. The history of the United States is only more than 220 years, but it has occupied the peak of high-tech today. The reason is that, first, the hard work and wisdom of the people of our country. Second, it uses the inheritance and accumulation of civilizations of other countries and nations for thousands of years without compensation. Before 1891, the United States completely refused to recognize foreign patent rights. Third, it used the money it seized from guns and excess profits it obtained through unequal trade, invested in technology and purchased a large amount of patented technology at a low price. Fourth, we will absorb high-tech talents from all over the world. According to National Science Foundation statistics, in 1995, there were 12 million scientific and engineering projects in the United States, of which 72% were born in third world countries. Talent outflow is a cheap technology transfer from third world countries to Western powers. This is also a very important reason why the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer in today's globalization. Fifth, in the name of protecting intellectual property rights, various measures were adopted to block high-tech technologies, and even registered patents in the recipient country, dumped their products at a low price, suppressing or even destroying the other party's independent scientific research and development capabilities. At the same time, Western powers also transferred some outdated technologies to third-world countries at high prices, further causing the dependence between third-world countries and their industrial upgrading and technological progress, in an attempt to keep third-world countries at the bottom of the international vertical division of labor system forever. This is essentially the practice of the "geese walking model" proposed by Japanese scholars in the 1930s in today's world.
In a sense, the globalization dominated by Western powers is the globalization that combines monopoly capital and monopoly technology. While we vigorously promote and protect intellectual property rights and encourage knowledge innovation, we should be vigilant and oppose the implementation of scientific and technological blockade, monopoly and exploitation in international economic, political and cultural exchanges, and exercise scientific and technological hegemony.The globalization we have achieved should be a globalization with rapid development of high-tech science and technology in all countries around the world and highly developed social productivity in all countries around the world; it should be a globalization with the development of all mankind as the welfare, and countries around the world share the achievements of human civilization and scientific and technological achievements. Even knowledgeable people in the West are shouting: "We should share the benefits of globalization by promoting technological progress in poor countries."
Fourth, we advocate sustainable globalization.
Who is the " Columbus " in today's economic globalization? It is undoubtedly monopoly capital. Why is the United States in the world today's world dominant in all areas such as economy, politics, military, science and technology, culture and information? In a sense, because it has absolute hegemony in finance. First, it issued long-term government bonds with a term of 30 years. Many of these long-term government bonds are Japan, Western Europe , Arabia and some countries in the Third World. At the end of 1999, the cumulative balance of US Treasury bonds was $5.77 trillion. Second, its stock market has been booming for a long time, with a total market value of up to US$17 trillion. A considerable proportion is held abroad. Third, the US dollar is the world's base currency, with nearly 300 billion US dollars circulating overseas. By the end of 1999, the total assets of foreigners in U.S. financial have reached US$8 trillion.
Currently, the US dollar actually utilizes 72% of the world's total net savings. International monopoly bourgeois masters this huge asset and accumulates a huge financial "black hole". To date, there are hot money in the world, waiting for an opportunity to launch an financial crisis in a corner of the world. In today's increasingly informatized world, the " butterfly effect " of international financial turmoil will become more and more obvious. From 1997 to 1998 alone, East Asia suffered nearly US$3 trillion in losses, and more than 13 million people lost their jobs. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir sighed with infinite sadness: We have worked hard for thirty or forty years to develop our country before we can reach the level we are today. Suddenly, someone has destroyed our achievements in just a few weeks with a few billion US dollars. Now the total transaction volume of the world financial market every trading day is as high as US$3 trillion, but more than 98% of it has nothing to do with commodity trade. Such financial globalization has significantly increased the risks of economic operation in various countries, especially the economic sovereignty and economic security of third-world countries in a vulnerable position are facing new challenges, which greatly affects the sustainable development of global economy .
Now, people are talking about whether the US economy is a "hard landing" or a "soft landing". The U.S. economy has continued to grow for nearly 10 years. The US economy is likely to remain in growth in the foreseeable recent years. However, the U.S. economy has a serious crisis. The issuance of international currencies through government bonds, stock markets, and the issuance of international currencies is not only the fastest way to quickly seize world wealth, but it is also a powerful leverage to aggravate economic risks. From early and mid-March 2000 to early December 2000, the Nasdaq index in the U.S. stock market has fallen by nearly 50%, and the Dow Jones index is also hovering around 10,000 points. In 2000, the U.S. trade deficit of is expected to reach more than US$450 billion.
Coupled with the widespread debt consumption of the US public and the accumulated fiscal deficit of nearly 6 trillion US dollars, the factors that have increased the factors of the serious economic crisis in the United States. In January 2000, the U.S. Foreign Affairs Commission invited 75 financial and political experts to conduct a special financial crisis simulation exercise. These experts believe that "economic and financial issues pose no less threat to national security in the future than bombs and missiles." Soros, an American financial expert known as the "financial genius", despite overturning his prediction that the international financial system, would soon collapse, still insisted that "the US economy will inevitably experience a 'hard landing'." The US GDP accounts for one-third of the world's total. The serious economic crisis hidden in the United States is not only a serious threat to the United States, but also to the sustainable development of countries around the world, especially third world countries.
Another fundamental restrictive factor affecting the sustainable development of mankind and countries around the world is the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment caused by economic globalization.8,000 years ago, two-thirds of the land area were lush forests. Some experts warn that the remaining primeval forests will disappear from the earth within 10 years. According to a year-long in-depth study by all US intelligence agencies and many large think tanks, a total of more than 3 billion people living in southern California to northern China will be "water-deficient". In the past half a century, 66% of arable land has been damaged by soil erosion, desertification, pollution, etc., and more and more chemical pollutants poured into the water and soil. ozone layer "occupies about three times the total area of the 48 states in the United States." The contradiction between the infinite expansion of production and capital and the finiteness of the earth's resources is becoming increasingly prominent. Rich people and rich countries consume most of the resources on the earth. An American with a life expectancy of 80 years old consumes about 200 million liters of water, 20 million liters of gasoline, 10,000 tons of steel and 1,000 big trees of wood in his lifetime. If everyone on Earth lives like Americans and emits harmful substances accordingly, we need 20 Earths. However, third world countries and poor people suffer from the deterioration of the earth's ecological environment. Currently, the number of deaths caused by nutritional deficiency and other reasons accounts for 15% of the death toll in third world countries. The number of deaths caused by deteriorating living environments accounts for 20% of the deaths in third world countries.
Therefore, we call for a sustainable globalization to avoid financial risks, protect and improve the human living environment.
Fifth, we advocate globalization that strictly complies with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and recognized norms of international relations.
People of all countries in the world who have suffered from the sufferings of two world wars, with the lofty belief of "to avoid the tragic disasters of future generations from being tragic to today's mankind", more than fifty years ago, not only established a universal international organization with the purpose of maintaining world peace and security and promoting international cooperation, the United Nations, but also drafted and signed the "United Nations Charter", an epoch-making document in the history of international relations.
The purpose and principles of the Charter of the United Nations are not only the basic principles of the United Nations, but have also become the basic norm for guiding modern international relations and the legal basis for the people of the world to strive for peace and development and oppose the political power of power. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, which China first established with India and Myanmar in 1954, was also accepted by more and more countries in the world, and was included in the recognized norms regarding international relations in different forms and degrees. The purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the recognized norms of international relations are the crystallization of human civilization and wisdom. History has proved and will continue to prove that only by strictly following the principles of maintaining equality between sovereign states and non-interference in internal affairs, can humanity and various countries in the world win peace and development. On the contrary, if wars come everywhere, economic and social development will be severely damaged. Today, with the rapid development of economic globalization, we need to uphold and comply with the common principles of human peace and development.
However, now a few Western powers in the world often ignore the common principles of human peace and development. As the new millennium approaches, some major powers even unconcealedly declare that the "most fundamental problem" is to continue to maintain the country's "leading role in the world" when formulating foreign policies in the era of globalization. To achieve this, they pursued conservative realism, which was to rely mainly on military forces as the basis of their foreign policy, and to reorganize the army as a long-term task before the new president. They advocate "humanitarian intervention", bypassing UN actions if necessary, and even attempting to turn the UN into its own "tamed diplomatic tool." Even the United Nations itself wants to control and manipulate, let alone respect the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. This will inevitably bring new unstable factors to human peace and development.
The existence of the United Nations and the United Nations Charters are based on the existence of sovereign states as the basis and prerequisite. Just in dealing with increasingly complex and changing world markets, the deeper the economic globalization, the more countries need to adjust it.Therefore, in the process of economic globalization, the role of states should not be weakened, but should be further enhanced.
We believe that the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the recognized norms of international relations are the most basic legal basis and criterion for globalization. The globalization we advocate should be globalization where people of all countries independently choose social systems and development paths, and determine the way and speed of opening up; it should be globalization where countries around the world, especially major countries, must strictly abide by the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries, and do not impose their own development model on the globalization of other countries; it should be globalization where countries respect each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, live in harmony, treat each other equally, and benefit and win-win; it should be globalization where international disputes are reasonably resolved through peaceful means, and should never resort to force or threaten by force; it should be globalization where all countries participate in and negotiated resolutions, rather than the globalization where one or several major countries monopolize international affairs.
No. 6, we advocate the globalization of coexistence and prosperity of the excellent cultural traditions of all countries and nations.
The world is colorful. Every country and nation has its own cultural traditions and development model. All countries and nations in the world have made their own contributions to jointly building the historical edifice of human civilization for thousands of years. The excellent cultural traditions of all countries and nations are treasures of the spiritual heritage of all mankind and the world. Eastern culture has a long history and is splendid and rich; Western culture is dazzling and full of essences. In the process of globalization, we should respect the diversity of different countries, different cultures and different civilizations; at the same time, we support all kinds of cultures and civilizations to learn from each other, and build our own new culture and new civilization through the intersection and integration of learning and reference.
The globalization of the world today is by no means a pure economic process, but also a process of promoting Western cultural values and political concepts through economic expansion. In the process of globalization, there are many people who attempt to "transform" the world with a single culture and a single value. The fundamental purpose of the "Clash of Civilization Theory" that was hyped in the past few years was to prepare for public opinion to rule the world with a culture and a value concept. From the perspective of globalization, in today's world, some developed Western countries are trying to place their culture and values in a global dominance with their strong economic, political, military, scientific and technological, information and other strengths. Of course, we should see that through global media, entertainment, trade and tourism, globalization has enabled various countries and ethnic groups to contact and understand various excellent cultures in the world, which is undoubtedly of great significance to the healthy development of globalization.
However, a very small number of Western powers, either aiming to pursue commercial money or conquer the world, engage in "cultural hegemony", thus causing a serious imbalance in cultural exchanges between various countries, ethnic groups and a few Western powers. This has also led to the spread of decadent and dirty ingredients in Western culture in some third world countries, and has caused the local excellent cultural traditions to shrink. Even many European politicians and scholars are extremely dissatisfied with the United States' forcibly promoting their own culture. The French public opinion circle has even launched a wave of "boycotting American cultural invasion".
Some Western politicians and scholars always attribute the poverty of third world countries to the backwardness of culture, especially values. Let’s look at it vertically: American economist Thurro counted the changes in the rankings of the world’s top 20 richest countries from 1870 to 1988, and then came to the conclusion that it was very difficult for poor countries to squeeze into the ranks of rich countries. In the 128-year historical span, there was only one truly successful country - Japan. Of course, Thero missed the Soviet Union, which had once squeezed into the ranks of rich countries. The looting of old and new colonialists is one of the fundamental reasons for the poverty of the vast number of third world countries. In the second half of the 19th century, imperialism plundered more than 1 billion taels of silver dollars in China, equivalent to 16 times the annual fiscal revenue of the Qing government in 1900.During the period of primitive accumulation of capitalism, colonialists hunted and trafficked slaves from Africa to America and other regions, and a total of 100 million people, including the number of deaths on the way.
From a horizontal perspective, there are about 210 countries and regions in the world now. Except for a very few socialist countries , the rest are all engaged in private ownership according to Western or similar values. However, except for more than 20 countries, more than 180 countries and regions still have a look and are even becoming increasingly poor. According to Western values, there are very few people who have become rich, but there are many examples that have declined sharply according to their prescriptions. Western powers used various means and even invested huge amounts of money, including using economic aid as bait to consciously sell neoliberal values such as "democratization", "privatization", and " multi-party system " to the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and Africa. Today, the flowers of ideas of these values have bear the fruits of sharp economic decline and comprehensive social regression. It is worth noting that some Western powers are trying to reuse other countries' attempts to retake the same trick. They use various methods to promote their thoughts, culture, and especially their values. The essence is to try to quietly promote "political globalization" while promoting economic globalization.
The cultural traditions and characteristics of any country and any nation in the world are accumulated in the bones of these countries and nations and rushing in the blood of these countries and nations. These traditions and characteristics cannot be replaced by foreign cultures at will. Therefore, all countries and nations should first maintain and promote the excellent culture of their own nation; at the same time, they should also respect the cultural traditions of different characteristics and styles of other countries and nations. The international community should give more respect, understanding and support to regional culture, ethnic minority culture, and especially the traditional culture of third world countries.
With the high development of global productivity and the great improvement of the ideological and cultural level of all mankind, the global production mode, economic system, and political system will eventually achieve "great harmony", but cultural traditions and national characteristics will not and cannot be unified, but should be diverse.
(III) Regarding how to achieve fair and reasonable globalization
1. We must firmly believe in the general trend of historical development
Marx once said: "No matter which social form, it will never perish until all the productivity they can accommodate is exerted." The United States is the heart and engine of Western globalization, and its potential productivity has not yet been released. In recent years, no country in the world has been able to compete with the United States in terms of economy, technology and military strength. Therefore, the momentum of Western globalization will continue to be an expansion in recent years. It is not too pessimistic to look at the problem in this way.
However, globalization dominated by a few Western powers has never eliminated the basic contradiction between the private possession of means of production and the socialization of production. It is only that within a certain period of time, it adopts a new special form that is different from the early capitalist stage and passes it on to other countries. The third world countries are the main force and new force in opposing imperialism, colonialism, hegemony, and power politics and building a new international political and economic order. Although this force has weakened in recent years, we firmly believe that the vast majority of third-world countries will never be at the arbitrary mercy of Western powers and are carrying out various struggles within their ability. Western globalization has been and will continue to be boycotted by countries around the world, especially third world countries.
can be asserted that as wealth and capital further gather to a very small number of people on a global scale, it will further aggravate the polarization between a few powerful countries and the vast majority of third world countries. The livelihoods of the vast majority of people and nations in the world will become worse, and the basic contradictions in private possession of means of production and socialization of production will inevitably become more acute. Therefore, a new round of struggles to safeguard national independence and sovereignty, maintain equality, mutual benefit and common development, and establish a truly just and reasonable new international economic and political order will surely flourish. The transformation of socialism from theory and movement to institutional form was the greatest event of the 20th century.Socialism is a new stage of human civilization, and its value goal is the liberation of all mankind. This not only meets the requirements of the survival and development of the entire society, but also meets the historical laws of human social development. The emergence of basic contradictions in the process of economic globalization will inevitably call for the rejuvenation of socialism.
Around the middle of the 21st century, it is very likely to be another sunny day for the national democratic movement and socialist movement around the world. Of course, there are still possible to encounter new twists and setbacks. But history always rises and moves forward in spiral twists and turns. Like other social forms before, capitalist social forms have a historical process of occurrence, development and demise. Therefore, Western globalization, that is, the globalization of neoliberalism led by a few Western powers, cannot resist the historical trend that socialism will inevitably replace capitalism, and it is even more impossible forever to last forever.
2. We must actively participate and calmly respond to
Economic globalization led by Western powers is certainly a severe challenge to the third world, but we must also see that this globalization is an objective requirement and inevitable trend of the development of large-scale socialized production, a prominent manifestation of the development of modern science and technology, the "primary productive force", and an advancement and leap in global productivity. Therefore, we have no choice but to face and actively participate. We must never try to stay out of it because such globalization will inevitably bring us all kinds of disadvantages and potential risks. All countries and nations in the world have their own strengths and characteristics. Therefore, every country and nation in the world needs to implement an open policy and learn from other countries and nations. Especially today with the rapid development of high-tech technology, we should not be arrogant and close our country. Otherwise, you will inevitably fall behind, and you will be beaten if you fall behind. We should see not only the severe challenges that Western globalization has brought to us, but also the rare development opportunities it brings to us. In a sense, the great achievements made by China in more than 20 years of reform and opening up are the result of China's active participation in economic globalization.
In the process of opening up and participating in globalization, all countries and nations must combine their respective national conditions and characteristics, adhere to the principle of seeking profit and avoiding harm, and make choices, and must never copy them. Otherwise, it will endanger your own survival. We must judge the situation, and formulate a set of development strategies and response measures to participate in the process of economic globalization based on the general trend of the world and the actual national conditions of our country. We must independently decide the steps, progress and depth of our country's participation in globalization based on the actual situation of our country and the best interests of our country and the nation, and decide the methods and methods of participation. We must boldly learn and learn from advanced foreign science and technology, management mechanisms and experiences; we must not only not learn from things that reflect the capitalist system and its nature, such as privatization and the practice of plundering and exploiting other countries and nations, but we must also resolutely resist.
We must continuously reform and improve our country's economic and political system, establish and improve the corresponding legal system; accelerate the development of education and science and technology, cultivate urgently needed professional talents in all aspects as soon as possible, and actively cultivate the innovation capabilities and systems of the country and the nation; formulate correct industrial policies, pay attention to cultivating advantageous industries, enterprises and products with their own characteristics and international competitiveness; in view of the accelerated international flow of capital and rapid changes in financial turmoil in economic globalization, adopt appropriate and correct methods to strengthen financial supervision, etc.
3. We must carry out a reasonable, beneficial and concise struggle
The vast number of third world countries have always been an important force on the UN stage, and have staged one scene after another of majestic live dramas that defend their own interests. The WTO is the economic UN in the world today. On the WTO stage, including some other appropriate opportunities and occasions in the international world, the vast majority of third world countries must dare to and be good at fighting the existing old international economic order, actively participate in the formulation of various rules for international economic exchanges and cooperation, and actively call for and promote the revision of unfair and unreasonable rules.
At the same time, we can also promote the establishment and development of international regional economic cooperation organizations based on the principle of nearby organization exchanges and take advantage of the contradictions between different economic interests within developed Western countries, so as to gradually establish a truly fair and reasonable new international economic order that conforms to the economic interests of third world countries, so as to better safeguard the long-term and fundamental interests of the vast number of third world countries and nations. In the face of blockade, interference and bullying by Western powers, we must have a national spirit of not believing in evil, not afraid of ghosts, not bend over, and not showing weakness. Only by daring to be good at fighting and seeking development in struggle can we remain calm in the face of changes, avoid the misfortune of being Westernized, weakened, and vassalized, maintain the independence of our country and nation in terms of economic, political and sovereignty, and become increasingly stronger.
4. We must unite and unite
is determined by the increasingly global flow and domination of monopoly capital, and opposing capital exploitation and domination are becoming increasingly global. Most of the national strength of third world countries is relatively weak, and it is often difficult to cope with the challenges of globalization by their own efforts. Therefore, unity and joint struggle are inevitable choices for third world countries. Third world countries have similar experiences, and have experienced the history of being enslaved and oppressed before independence; after independence, they faced a common task, namely opposing hegemony, maintaining world peace, and developing national economy. Compared with Western powers, third world countries have great advantages in the number of countries, population, regional area, strategic transportation lines, land and marine resources they have. Taking the World Trade Organization as an example, among the 139 member states, third-world countries account for 3/4. The Third World has a fine tradition of unity, cooperation and mutual support. The "Non-Aligned Movement" and the "Group of Seventy-Seven" are still important stages with wide influence in the world's political and economic fields.
The Western power hopes from the bottom of his heart that the Third World will always be in a state of fragmentation. Therefore, as long as the vast number of third world countries can deeply understand the fundamental common interests, adhere to mutual respect for the sovereignty of all countries, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, mutual cooperation, seek common ground while reserving differences, they will surely be able to properly resolve various historical problems, further unite and strive, so as to further strengthen their position in dialogue between the north and the south, effectively promote the establishment of a fair and reasonable new international economic and political order, and may gradually change the nature of economic globalization, and guide globalization to develop in a direction that is beneficial to the vast number of third world countries.
5. We must conduct in-depth discussions and promote theoretical innovations
Only correct theories reflect the essence and laws, and can become the pioneer and guide of action. To effectively curb the negative effects of Western globalization and to make the Third World Development Movement enter another glory, we must strengthen scientific research on the dynamics of Western globalization, and we must provide scientific answers to globalization and its major theoretical and practical issues in the Third World. Not only does economic globalization not only do not and cannot eliminate the basic principles of Marxism, but it further proves the correctness of its basic principles. Marx and Engels's discourse on capital opening up the world market in the "Communist Manifesto" has caused deepening exchanges between the world's nations, which has been repeatedly cited by many famous scholars who discuss globalization. Even as mankind enters the 21st century, Marxism remains the most charming and tense thought around the world. The development prospects of Marxism in the 21st century are extremely broad, and we are full of confidence in this.
Of course, with the expansion and deepening of Western globalization, contemporary capitalism has experienced some new changes that Marxism-Leninism had never expected back then, and after all, some new major problems have been raised. Correct theories that conform to the reality of development in the Third World require the arduous practice and successful creation of the countries and people of the Third World, and the summary, improvement and innovation of conscientious politicians, thinkers and theorists. We firmly believe that under the guidance of correct theory, all people who love peace, seek development, and maintain justice will unite and work together to make the development prospects of mankind in the 21st century better.
