The story told in the "Six Paramitas Collection Sutra" tells the story of the Buddha's previous life as a Brahma ambition named "Confucian Child" in the Kingdom of Bomo. He was extremely wise, firm in the Taoist ambition, refused to give up money and sex, and was diligent in serv

Bisheng Story ,

that is, Shakyamuni Buddha's previous life ,

is an important part of the story of Buddhist scriptures.

Bensheng Stories in Yungang Grottoes

The number and types are not large, and

only "Sandson Bensheng " and

" part is retained.

Confucian Tong is also known as " Confucian Tong's teaching " " Confucian Buddha's birth student ".

The story told in the "Six Paramitas Collection Sutra" tells the story of the Buddha's previous life as a Brahma ambition named "Confucian Child". He was extremely wise, firm in the Taoist ambition, refused to give up money and sex, and was diligent in serving the Buddha. When he learned that " Concentration Light, Tathagata , no attachment, true Tao, the most enlightenment, Taoist Dharma, Heavenly Master will teach in the future", he was very excited, " Confucian child is happy in his heart, silent and enters samadhi, pure and pure heart, and see the Buddha's future ".

He asked the woman who picked flowers for five flowers and scattered them on the Buddha. The Tathagata told him that "there is ninety-one kalpas after , you should be Buddha ", and the Confucian boy " jumped in the void, and went to the ground seven feet. He came down from the empty space to publish the ground and let the Buddha step on the ". When expressing this story, the Yungang Grottoes often use "" as a frozen picture. The "Confucian and Child" picture created has two forms of expression.

The first form of expression is to stand a Buddha statue niche, which uses an independent Buddha statue niche to express the plot of "closing hair and covering mud".

is located on the north side of the middle floor of the east wall of the anterior chamber in Cave 10, the north side of the upper floor of the eastern wall of Cave 12, the north side of the middle floor of the eastern wall of Cave 5, and the west side of the cave gate of Cave 5-10, etc., all of which are in this form. The design of these pictures is basically the same. The standing Buddha statue in Cave 12 of

is a plain boat-shaped backlight behind the body. The Buddha statue has two legs and shoulders, with the left hand stroking the hips, and the right hand raising it to the front chest, which is a "parking and education". The lower side of the right leg is inward and slanted, a child (Confucian child) with his hands folded together, and his hair is stretched to the Buddha's feet.

"Fabric-covering mud" on the north side of the upper floor of the front room of Cave 12,

A "Fabric-covering mud" picture on the east wall of Cave 10, is similar to the picture in Cave 12, and this picture is easy to observe due to its low position.

In addition, both forearms of the Buddha statue were broken, and we could not understand the movement and posture of its upper limbs. A larger lotus seat was carved under the feet of the Buddha statue. Not only did the Buddha's feet stand on the top, but the child (Confucian child) under the right foot also climbed on the lotus.

The child here is different from the former. He is not the usual kneeling posture for the worshipper, but his legs are bent and obliquely lying on the ground. His hair is not covered, but he strokes the Buddha's right foot with his hands.

"Buddress mud" on the north side of the middle floor of the front room of the Cave 10th

"Buddress mud" picture carved on the north corner of the upper floor of the east wall of the Cave 5th occupies a small area. Only three characters are carved in the picture: a slightly slight Buddha statue standing on the side under the big tree, and a figure lying on the ground at the left foot of the Buddha statue protrudes on the ground, and a man with a beard and kneeling in front of the Buddha statue.

Cave 5's bright window north side "Budd hair cover mud"

In the image of "Budd hair cover mud" on the west side of Cave 5-10's southern wall, the Buddha stood on the platform, with a towering fleshy bun, slender figure, plain face, pointed body light, and clothing, showing a calm and confident expression. Under the high platform, the bas-relief figure nodded and knelt, folded his hands together, and floated his hair above the Buddha's feet.

"Fabrication covers mud" on the west side of the cave gate of Cave 5-10

The same theme picture has appeared on the east wall of Cave 5's bright window.However, this picture is very different from the former in terms of layout and carving artistic characteristics.

First, trees are shaped next to the former Buddha statue (Dingguang Buddha) to render the natural environment. There are no carvings of trees here. Second, the former image of the "Confucian boy" lies in front of the Buddha statue, but the "Confucian boy" is placed under the stage, and the image of a donor with his hands clasped and kneeling in a shallow relief form is depicted.

What is particularly prominent is the long plain hair on the head of the "Confucian boy", which is raised from the top of his head and folded along the square platform to the Buddha's feet, extending from wide to narrow, extending along the trend, not only expressing the plot in a complete manner, but also being full of artistic imagination.

The second type is a multi-character picture expression form, which appears on the east wall of the front room of Cave 10.

Because Cave 10 and Cave 9 are two caves that are consistent in the shape, scale, layout, content, and wall combination of caves, the waist walls of the front rooms of the two caves both express the scenes of the story in the form of comic strips.

We see that there are three parallel pictures on the middle floor of the east wall of the front room of Cave 10, one of which is "Bun Hair Covering the Mud".

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This picture is richer in content performance than the previous two pictures. In addition to the main position of the picture, the Confucian boy spreads his long hair at the feet of the standing Buddha statue, there are different forms of characters in front, back, left and right to express more complex ideological content. Behind the Buddha statue is a guardian yaksha holding a whisk. Two offerings with hands folded side by side on the upper side show the solemnity and majesty of the Buddha.

In front of the Buddha statue, three rectangular stones are "listed" (weathered text on the surface) divide the picture into three spaces:

The larger area on the right side of

shows the content of "dressing hair and covering mud";

is carved in the space in the middle of

. The person standing above holds a bouquet of five flowers in his left hand, which shows that the Confucian boy is asking for five flowers from the woman picking flowers. The so-called " meets a former girl who picks up a flower with a bottle, asks her to get five flowers ", and wants to spread flowers on the Buddha's body; the space on the left side of the picture carved a tiled roof room, and a character with a ribbon hanging on her shoulder stands inside, probably expressing the meaning of a son in the room. The space on the upper left side carved a curled leg hanging in the air with a round halo hanging around her body. This shows the scene of a Confucian boy who was happy after hearing the Buddha's prophecy and " jumping in the void, leaving the ground seven feet ".

More beauty of Yungang art

all in "Ten Views of Yungang"

Wang Xuanhua, Zhang Xuyun Edited by

80 Thousand Words

Sanjin Publishing House

"Ten Views of Yungang" classified and sorted out the vast Yungang cultural resources for the first time. From ten different viewing angles, the most representative artistic treasures of Yungang were summarized with concise and clear words and exquisite pictures, providing us with a convenient treasure for visiting Yungang, appreciating Yungang and understanding Yungang.