Let’s give birth to beautiful things together
When a new life is born, it gives a woman the identity of a mother. As we all know, the best age for women to have children is between 24 and 30 years old. However, in modern society, with the improvement of women's education, their self-awareness and their focus on career, coupled with the "two-child policy" With the comprehensive opening up, the trend of women's childbearing age being postponed has become more and more normal, and the proportion of older pregnant women is getting higher and higher.
We all know that women need to undergo some necessary examinations after pregnancy. Regular prenatal examinations can minimize various problems during pregnancy, such as fetal development abnormalities, pregnancy diseases, etc. Early detection, early treatment, and early intervention can help To avoid greater harm, pre-pregnancy eugenics check-up is very necessary!
PART.01
How do women prepare for pregnancy?
In addition to the general physical condition examination, it is recommended to conduct teratogenic microorganism testing ( rubella virus , cytomegalovirus , herpes simplex virus, Toxoplasma , hepatitis virus , HIV , syphilis , etc.) , thyroid function, blood pressure, blood sugar, gynecological ultrasound, etc., cervical cytology (if not checked 2 years before pregnancy).
emphasizes that as women age, their ability to conceive decreases. During pregnancy preparation, test strips or ultrasound can be used to monitor ovulation to guide the time of intercourse and improve the pregnancy rate.
During pregnancy preparation, you should have a balanced diet, appropriate exercise, and oral administration of low-dose folic acid tablets starting in the first 3 months of pregnancy to prevent the occurrence of fetal open neural tube defects, fetal congenital heart disease and other malformations. During pregnancy preparations, pay attention to a balanced diet, regular work and rest schedules, avoid tobacco, alcohol, coffee, tea, and contact with pets such as cats and dogs to avoid microbial infections such as Toxoplasma gondii.
PART.02
How to check during pregnancy?
Pregnancy is divided into three stages, namely the first trimester, the second trimester and the third trimester. The examination items at each stage are different, and the pregnancy examination items are also different according to the time of prenatal check-up.
First trimester checkup
Pregnancy 6-13+6 weeks:
blood routine, urine routine , blood type antibody screening, liver and kidney function, fasting blood glucose , hepatitis virus, treponema pallidum, HIV antibody screening, thyroid function , electrocardiogram, etc. (Note: Items that have been checked within 6 months before pregnancy do not need to be checked again).
B-ultrasound examination (early pregnancy to determine intrauterine pregnancy , whether the fetus is viable, the number of fetuses and the nature of the twin chorionic villi, uterine attachment conditions, etc.
second trimester 12-28 weeks
11-13+6 weeks of pregnancy :
Detect the thickness of the fetal nuchal translucency, i.e. NT, check , determine gestational age, etc. Current ultrasound technology can screen out most major structural malformations during this examination. NT thickening indicates chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus , Congenital heart disease and other adverse prognosis risks increase, and further prenatal diagnosis is recommended.
15-20 weeks of gestation: Mid-trimester maternal serum screening for fetal chromosomal aneuploidy abnormalities (the best detection gestational age is 17-19 weeks ).
20-24 weeks of pregnancy: fetal system ultrasound screening (screening for severe fetal structural malformations), blood routine, and urine routine.
24-28 weeks of pregnancy: Gestational diabetes screening 75gOGTT, blood is drawn to measure blood glucose levels 1 hour and 2 hours after fasting and oral glucose, and any point reaches or exceeds the standard (5.1-10.0-8.5mmol/L) That is, the diagnosis was gestational diabetes . The current incidence of gestational diabetes is as high as 10%. If pregnant women have poor blood sugar control, the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes is significantly increased.
Late pregnancy 28-41 weeks
30-34 weeks of pregnancy: Liver function, serum bile acid testing ( Pregnant women in areas with high incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy ), infectious disease screening; 32-34 weeks of pregnancy Fetal heart rate monitoring and electrocardiogram review can be started; obstetric ultrasound examination can be used to understand fetal development, amniotic fluid , fetal position, placenta , cervical canal length, etc.
37-41 weeks of pregnancy: Obstetric ultrasound examination, fetal heart rate monitoring (once a week), blood routine, urine routine, vaginal secretions and group B streptococcus examination. In addition to blood pressure, ultrasound, fetal heart rate monitoring and other examinations, prenatal check-ups during late pregnancy should pay special attention to self-monitoring of fetal movements, because abnormal fetal movements are often a signal to the mother for help when the fetus is in danger in the womb.
It is recommended to check every 4 weeks before 28 weeks of pregnancy, every 2 weeks from 28 weeks to 36 weeks of pregnancy, and once a week after 36 weeks of pregnancy. However, the number of prenatal check-ups should be determined based on the specific situation of each pregnant woman and cannot be generalized!
PART.03
What is an advanced maternal age?
In principle, it refers to mothers who are over 35 years old on the day of delivery. Note that it is the expected date of delivery, not the pregnancy period. Pregnant women over 35 years old are recommended to undergo non-invasive DNA testing after 12 weeks of pregnancy. For high-risk groups, it is recommended to conduct prenatal diagnosis directly through amniocentesis (18-22 weeks).
PART.04
How to check a mother whose first child was caesarean section
?
For mothers with scarred uterus (the first child was born by cesarean section), the thickness of the cesarean section scar needs to be measured during obstetric ultrasound during pregnancy. Especially in the third trimester, the obstetrician will measure the cesarean section scar thickness and The mode of delivery is comprehensively evaluated based on factors such as fetal size; and scarred uterine pregnancy will increase the probability of dangerous diseases such as placenta previa and placenta accreta, which requires special attention during obstetric ultrasound.
PART.05
What should mothers of two children with a history of premature birth
pay attention to?
For second-child mothers with a history of premature birth, in addition to the basic examination items, examination items must also be carried out: 6-13+6 weeks of pregnancy: vaginal secretion examination; 20-24 weeks of pregnancy: cervical assessment (ultrasound measurement of cervical length ); 30-32 weeks of pregnancy: cervicovaginal secretions are tested for fetal fibronectin levels and cervical length is measured by ultrasound.
PART.06
Pregnancy management
Develop good living habits and regular daily routine, quit smoking and drinking, and do not stay up late; ease emotional reactions and adjust work pressure; improve the working environment and avoid all potentially harmful pollutants; weight during pregnancy Reasonable growth. Try to eat a light and balanced diet, supplement vitamins and minerals in an appropriate amount, and avoid foods that are too greasy, fatty and too high in purines and . If you pay attention to exercise and control your diet, you can successfully give birth to a healthy baby.
Having a child is an adventure, and you will pass by death every minute, but pregnancy, giving birth, and raising a child are a baptism of spirit.Giving birth to life is a mother’s sacred mission. In the obstetrics department, we have witnessed the strength and bravery of every mother, just to let life bloom in happiness.
Author: Wang Yan, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Editor: Publicity Department Strictly
Review: Publicity Department Zhang Di
(Some pictures in the article are from the Internet, if there is any infringement, please contact us to delete)
END
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