There are many rash diseases in pediatrics. Rash is a common sign of pediatric diseases. According to the shape, distribution, rash and eruption of the rash, the analysis of the characteristics of the rash is helpful to the diagnosis and identification of the primary disease. Diagnosis.
The common skin rashes are:
1. Macular rash, papules, maculopapular rash, the macula is red, does not protrude from the skin surface, presses to fade, the shape and size are different, can be fused into a piece, the macula is the expansion of the blood vessels in the dermis Papules protrude on the surface of the skin, with different shapes and sizes, and can also be fused into pieces. Papules are caused by swelling of blood vessels in the epidermis or superficial dermis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and exudation of plasma and red blood cells; maculopapular rashes are spots. Rash and pimples exist at the same time.
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The cystic cells are degenerated, edema, and form cystic cells. The cystic cells further liquefy, rupture, and fuse to form herpes; bullae are spine cell layers that loosen, and intraepidermal fissures appear, and dermal exudate enters the fissures to form bullae.
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3. Pustules, when bacteria are infected, many neutrophils enter the epidermal blister fluid, and the blister fluid turns into purulent. Formation of pustules.
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4. Petechiae, petechiae, subcutaneous hematoma, blood flow out of the skin or mucosal blood vessels and silt in the tissue, the skin surface is smooth and red spots, and the bleeding spots are the size of a needle. Spots; bleeding into pieces is called ecchymosis; those that make the surface of the skin bulge are called subcutaneous hematoma.
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It is a slightly raised erythema-like rash, the central edema area is pale white, and the surrounding hematoma area is rosy flush. The wind mass appears and disappears quickly, often accompanied by itching and burning.
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6. Nodules, masses, nodules are subcutaneous inflammatory or non-inflammatory entities, with clear boundaries, small nodules can only be palpable, large nodules raised surface, naked eye Visible; the mass is larger than the nodule and often penetrates into the subcutaneous tissue.
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The diseases that may be related to the rash are:
1. Macular rash may appear; papules may appear in infant eczema and vitamin A deficiency; and maculopapular rash may appear in measles, rubella, and drug eruption.
2. Varicella, herpes zoster, herpetic angina, hand, foot and mouth disease, herpes may appear; while pemphigus, epidermolysis bullosa, scalds, and burns may show bullae.
3. Impetigo, boils, and pimples show pustules.
4. Septicemia and thrombocytopenic purpura may have petechiae; epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and neonatal bleeding may cause petechiae; hemophilia and vitamin C deficiency may cause subcutaneous hematoma.
5. Urticaria and angioneurotic edema have wind masses.
6. Subcutaneous nodules can be seen in rheumatic fever and polyarteritis nodosa; subcutaneous masses can be seen in lipomas, neurofibromas, and sebaceous cysts.
Of course, to make a clear diagnosis, it is necessary to combine medical history, clinical manifestations, physical signs and related auxiliary examinations.
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