The emergence and evolution of human beings is a mystery. Apes were born about 20 million years ago, but humans were born 5 million years ago. According to the basic principles of biology , any same species originates from one place. After any species originates, after a period of development, parting ways will occur, and reproductive isolation will also occur. This means that human beings must originate from one place.
At present, the world generally believes that human beings originated on the African continent. First of all, the Paleolithic sites found in archaeology are the oldest. This is also the result of the general backwardness in Africa and the archaeological activities have not been carried out on a large scale. The second is the results of research on molecular anthropology of . Through molecular anthropology research, Africa is found that the richest human genes in the world. In China, Yunnan has the richest genes. The richer the gene group, the older the early humans in the place are.
Before 2020, the earliest DNA genetic material obtained by humans was 400,000 years ago. It was jointly completed by scientists from Germany, China and Spain in 2013. The extraction site was in the "Pig of Bones" in Atapueca, Spain. Through DNA research, it was found that these ape actually have the same ancestor as Denisovan . The earliest DNA extracted in China was 100,000 years ago. The genes of the Denisovans were successfully extracted in Baishiya Cave, and it was also proved that the genes of the Denisovans have a great effect on modern humans to adapt to the alpine climate.
2020, people conducted DNA extraction research on Homo erectus fossils from 800,000 years ago in Spain, and found that their DNA cannot match Neanderthal , Vanisovans and modern humans. They are not branches on the same evolutionary tree at all, they are just side branches in the history of human evolution.
According to research, the transition from ape to humans has gone through millions of years. In 1911, archaeologists discovered 30 million years ago ape fossils on Egyptian , which is the earliest ape fossils discovered so far. After that, archaeologists discovered Egyptian ape again. The forest ancient ape , which dates from 20 million to 10 million years ago, is widely distributed in Africa, Asia and Europe. That is, the apes 20 million years ago had already spread. However, at that time, the Americas had separated from Europe, so no ape fossils were found in the Americas.
Starting from the Rama apes, apes begin to evolve in the direction of humans. Rama apes lived 14 million to 8 million years ago. They were unable to adapt to low temperatures and therefore could only live in tropical or subtropical areas. Ramausa was first discovered in the upper reaches of Indus River , and has since been discovered in Yunnan, China and Southeast Europe. Among them, the world's first skull fossil of the Lama ape was discovered at the Lufeng site in Yunnan.
Australis, after the Rama Ape, is Australis . Australopithecus was first discovered in South Africa, and has since been discovered in East Africa region. Its survival period is about 7 million years ago to 3.5 million years ago . Some people think that Australopithecus is the ancestor of humans, but some people think that Australopithecus is a side branch on the path of human evolution and later died. Archaeological discoveries confirm that Australopithecus became extinct 1.5 million years ago.
Although Aristocracy and Aristocracy cannot make tools, they can already use natural tools. In the 1960s, some damaged stones were found in the fossil site of Kenya. Archaeologists believe that the ancient ape had already begun to use stones to hit animals. Some archaeologists have studied the teeth fossils of the Rama ape, and believe that the Rama ape has learned to speak.
The archaeological community basically recognizes that the biggest difference between humans and apes is that humans can not only use tools, but also make tools. In 1974, archaeologists discovered some artificial stone tools in Tanzania , which dates from 2.61 million years ago, which proves that humans have produced it. The earliest human fossils were also found in Tanzania, about 3 million years ago.
The original humans were called "ape man", while the early ape man was called "capable man".The earliest Nengren site was discovered in the Oduwee Valley in northwestern Tanzania. According to the analysis of its skull, their average brain capacity was only more than 600 milliliters and their height was only 1.4 meters. Later, the site of the Nengren was also discovered in South Africa. However, no sites of Nengren were found in other parts of the world, which means Nengren has not moved out of Africa.
late ape man , known as "Homoto" and first appeared 2 million years ago. At present, many sites of Homo erectus have been found in Africa, Asia and Europe, indicating that Homo erectus has migrated to various places. China has discovered many Paleolithic sites 2 million years ago, but no human fossil was found 2 million years ago, so it is impossible to determine whether these were created by the capable or Homo erectus. and Yuanmouren discovered human teeth fossils 1.7 million years ago. This is the earliest Homo erectus fossil discovered in China. At present, the world's earliest Homo erectus fossil was discovered in South Africa, 2 million years ago.
However, it is difficult to verify from archaeology alone where Homo erectus is earlier. After all, these people had spread to warm places in Asia and Africa 2 million years ago. The climate in Europe is relatively cold, and the Homo erectus spread to Europe later, while there are no Homo erectus fossils in the Americas and Australia.
In 1954, archaeologists discovered a batch of Homo erectus fossils in Algeria, Africa, and these fossils actually have some similar characteristics to the Homo erectus fossils found in China. In 1965, some Homo erectus fossils were discovered in Hungary, which may have some relationship with Peking Man . These also show that Homo erectus migrated to all over the world actually developed from a branch.
Homo erectus in China has diverse characteristics, such as Homo erectus in Anhui and County and Javanese erectus in Indonesia and Homo erectus in Africa and Homo erectus in Yunxian, Hubei is very big and far from Homo erectus in Beijing. Therefore, many people believe that Homo erectus in Yunxian should not be Homo erectus, but Early Homo erectus in , which belongs to the same category as Neanderthals; while Homo erectus in Nanjing discovered the phenomenon of high nose bridge, which was the result of the influence of the ancient European human genes.
Peking Ape Man Skull Analysis
Homoto finally disappeared 100,000 years ago. Starting from 100,000 years ago, the Earth entered its last ice age, with temperatures dropping sharply, and Homo erectus who were not adapted to the cold climate became extinct. In addition, late Homo sapiens formed about 200,000 years ago, and they also quickly spread to the world, thus replacing Homo erectus from all over the world. However, Homo sapiens can adapt to cold climates, such as the Neanderthals and Denisovans in the early Homo sapiens can survive in cold climates. According to research, humans in Eurasian continent all have Neanderthal and Denisovan genes.
In 2019, archaeologists discovered Homo erectus 100,000 years ago in Java Island, Indonesia. In the past, it was generally believed that Homo erectus became extinct 200,000 years ago. This time, the discovery of Homo erectus 100,000 years ago changed history again. During this period, due to the cold, only the Homo erectus in the tropical regions could still live. The location of Java Island is also relatively isolated, and Homo sapiens arrived here later, so they were able to last longer. Now, Java is recognized as the last stop for Homo erectus. Interestingly, archaeologists discovered the first Homo erectus fossils on Java.
