Since humans discovered the law of conservation of energy in , the fantasy of perpetual motion machine has been shattered, but humans will not stop pursuing the long-term nature of energy.
Basic rules of energy conversion
Since its use, Oxford electric bell has struck billion times within more than 180 years. It is still working, and no one knows the internal structure of the battery.
Oxford electric bell
On the door of a laboratory in the UK, there is an inconspicuous device. The device has a simple structure and is two yellow cylindrical objects wrapped in a glass cover.
These two barrel-shaped objects are the battery of the device. If you look closely, you will find that there is a metal line connecting it in the middle of the battery.
There is a bell hanging on the bottom of the battery, and there is a small metal ball in the middle of the bell. From a distance, the three seem to be stuck together, but in fact there are certain gaps between the three.
Oxford electric bell bottom
This is how the pronunciation of electric bell is working. metal ball collides back and forth between the two bells, and the slight movement looks like it is vibrating, which makes a sound to remind people of time.
It is hard to believe that it is such a simple device, , that can work for more than 180 years.
Oxford bell device was bought by a professor at Oxford University . The professor's name is Robert .
In 1840, Robert found that his laboratory needed such a bell to remind himself of his working hours, so he found Watkin , a famous manufacturer at the time, hoping to purchase a bell with better quality from there.
Watkin said that he had a bell here that he could use for a lifetime. Although Robert didn't believe it, he still bought it and then placed it on the door of the laboratory.
At that time, no one expected it to ring until today
It was not until Robert was old that he verified what the merchant said, that this bell can really be used for the rest of his life!
Before Robert died, he reminded others not to remove the bell, and hope that future generations can record how long the bell can work. No one knows how long the
ring can work, after all, its quality is so powerful and it is still working.
Who made such an excellent electric bell?
Some experts have investigated the manufacturers of electric bells and speculated based on clues that the inventor who designed the electric bells is likely to be Zanbeni.
Because these two electrostatic batteries look very similar to the battery blocks invented by Zamperney in 1812 .
The battery has begun to take shape
In this way, the use time of the Oxford electric bell may take plus 28 years.
If it starts to calculate work from its birth, it has already worked for 209 , which is the longest working time it may exist, and it may actually be shorter. After all, no one knows how long it was made.
Even with the shortest working time, the usage time of more than 180 years is beyond the reach of other batteries .
You should know that the two nuclear batteries installed on the aerospace explorer launched in the United States have only been supplied for decades.
What's more, the Oxford electric bell was invented by the technological level of in the 19th century. The century-long history of working is enough to make the Oxford electric bell "hold its head up" all over the world.
The world-famous Oxford ringtone
Such an excellent Oxford ringtone, what is its working principle of ?
Oxford electric bell working principle
Regarding the working principle of Oxford electric bell, scientists can only guess. As long as the Oxford electric bell is not taken apart, no one dares to guarantee 100% that their guess is correct.
Of course, the metal ball swings on time, and its source is definitely the result of the two batteries being able to provide power in a timely manner.
is different from other electric bells. Oxford bells are achieved by relying on the metal balls in them and the positive and negative charges of . When the metal balls are close to one side, they will carry positive charges of .
Metal ball oscillation principle
The magnetic force generated by the positive charge between the two prompts the metal ball to hit to the other side. At this time, the metal ball is infected with the negative charge on the other side, and both repels it and bounces the metal ball back.
This cycle repeats, and the metal ball continues to hit the bells on both sides to make a sound. Until the power disappears, the metal ball naturally stops swinging.
During the entire process, since the distance between the metal ball and the batteries on both sides is very short, the force required is extremely small, and the batteries on both sides do not require too much power, so the ball can make a loud sound.
Perhaps this is why the bell can work for a long time, and this is also the most likely of all the speculations about Oxford bells.
At present, people only have no real
However, even if the battery can provide power for a long time, it will wear down over time. So how can it be preserved so well over a long period of time?
According to scientists' speculation, the primary secret that batteries can be preserved for a long time lies in the glass shell that covers the outside.
glass shell blocks everything from the outside world, allowing the inside to form an independent space . In this space, it is almost not affected by the outside world, and its lifespan will naturally last longer. After
, there is an unknown yellow object wrapped with two batteries.
Unknown yellow object
Yellow object looks like Sulphur , with only one layer on the outside, and inside is a battery wrapped in various foil .
After thousands of layers of professional folding, then compressed with a special glass tube instrument, and finally two wrapped batteries are soaked in molten sulfur to further seal the battery.
The current transmitted between metal balls is very small , so there will be no burning.
Although it looks like a relatively rough device , the internal manufacturing process is still very exquisite. No wonder the manufacturer has been confident that Professor Robert can last a lifetime.
All puzzles need to wait until Oxford electric ring stops working before people can take it apart and study it.
Everything is waiting for the future
Before this, no scientist was willing to destroy an ancient machine that has worked for nearly 200 years, because scientists all want to witness how long the Oxford electric bell can work.
300 years? 400 years? No matter how long it takes, humans can afford to wait, and the longer it takes, the more interested in Oxford electric bells, .
The invention of the Oxford electric bell is too old after all, so why not take a look at the most cutting-edge nuclear battery in the scientific community today. The power generation principle of
nuclear battery
nuclear battery is connected in series by some semiconductor materials , and power generation is generated through a suitable heat source and converter. The most core part of
is to use these materials to form a temperature difference to generate electricity.
Nuclear Battery Structure
China's history of research on nuclear batteries has made breakthrough progress. my country uses the principle that the decay process of radioisotope to release heat well, and has invented a more stable and long-term isotope nuclear battery, which is a cutting-edge project in the world's nuclear battery field.
isotope nuclear battery is also the most popular field among nuclear batteries, and has long been used in the aerospace industry by the United States and Russia.
The famous American spacecraft Apollo 11 is loaded with two isotope devices .
Scientific name: Radioactive isotope thermoelectric generator
Previously, scientists have also considered using solar cell or ordinary battery , but ordinary batteries cannot be produced and worked at high temperatures in outer space.
If the ordinary battery is given a heavy protection , it will lead to insufficient current transmission and supply. You should know that the use of spacecraft is a major project, and the amount of electricity needed to be used far exceeds human imagination.
But the solar cells are not stable. on the moon overnight is the earth's for two weeks . In other words, Apollo may not be able to seize new energy for two consecutive weeks.
Apollo spacecraft
After repeated measurements, NASA chose the isotope nuclear battery with technology and not very mature at that time, and its performance far exceeded scientists' expectations.
Later, more and more aerospace industries also added isotope nuclear batteries and gradually expanded to other fields of .
Two isotopes
The sea is silent and dull. It is also a good place for isotope nuclear batteries to show off their skills. Installing an isotope nuclear battery can maintain the use of submarine submarines for decades.
People use isotope nuclear batteries as beacon , which rings once in a few minutes. At the same time, it can also be used as an underwater monitoring power supply. It is very convenient and practical. The key is that is still low in cost .
In medicine, people use isotope nuclear batteries to heart erectile and artificial heart , especially in the use of artificial heart , miniature isotope nuclear batteries can be used for more than ten years.
Artificial heart
So far, human development technology for isotope nuclear batteries is not yet fully mature . I believe that in the future, with the maturity of isotope nuclear batteries, more practical nuclear batteries will be used by people.
