Water is the source of life and the mother of all things. Its existence form can be solid or gaseous or liquid . The common solid water in people's lives - ice, is formed by water reaching the freezing point.
Ice slither
It is incredible that water can actually freeze under the high temperature of of 000℃. In fact, there is a 20th form of water: ice 18.
Ice Eighteen and Ordinary Water
As the name suggests, Ice Eighteen is the The eighteenth form of ice . Among the forms discovered by humans, the existence form of water can be roughly divided into five types.
The first three types are widely distributed in nature. solid is the existence of water morphological characteristics, and its manifestations are mainly ice, snow, and hail.
The absolute part of the freshwater resources on the earth exist in the form of solid state . They are respectively located in the north and south poles, forming huge glaciers.
Nowadays, the proportion of glaciers is getting smaller and smaller.
The same is true for other planets in solar system . For example, the water source on Mars is also in solid form, some are hidden deep underground, while others are in polar regions with dimensions higher than 60°.
Liquid is the existence of water substances that can flow, deform and compress, including water sources, rain, etc. in people's lives.
The water in nature will not become less circulating
It is worth mentioning that fog is considered the form of liquid water. Although it looks like a gas, the real gas belongs to gas, and fog is a small water droplet after water condenses.
This small water droplets is too small in size and is light in weight and can easily hang in the air. Humans cannot observe the shape of small water droplets. When they gather together to form mist, they are very easy to be mistaken for gaseous states by humans.
fog has many reasons for the formation of
The definition of gaseous state is similar to that of business forms, and they all belong to a kind of fluid , but the range of gaseous fluids is wider. It belongs to a new form of liquid water reaching the gasification temperature. Many gaseous water is invisible. The most common gaseous state in humans is water vapor.
In the environment of human living, there is no completely pure gaseous water . All gaseous water is mixed with magazines in the air and formed. The two latter two are glass state , and plasma state .
Different forms of water
Glass state water refers to the existence form of the temperature below zero degrees Celsius, but water is not frozen . The water in this form is neither solid nor liquid, but more like a viscous liquid that presents solid state.
plasma state is just the opposite . The existence form of water is both liquid and solid. Under the action of strong magnetic force and pressure, the electrons in the water escape from the attraction of the nucleus of and split into two groups.
One is free electron with negatively charged , and the other is ions with positively charged . The two have equal numbers to coexist, forming a plasma state.
plasma activated water production
Among the five forms, the solid state subdivided form has species. Other forms are subdivided into and . A total of 2 forms of water can be obtained
. Ice 18 belongs to a subdivided form of particle state, which is called superion water .
Before the 21st century, the existence of superion water was only in theory, and there was no technical means to prove that superion water really existed.
Scientists speculate that ultraionic water can only be produced in extreme environments, such as in high-pressure giant ice stars such as Uranus and Jupiter and large gaseous planets.
Uranus
How much is superion water? In people's lives, solid water begins to melt slowly when the temperature exceeds zero degrees Celsius, and melts faster as the temperature increases.
A fist-sized ice cube . At a high temperature of 100 degrees Celsius, if you can't hold on to html for 110 minutes, will turn into liquid state.
Ultraionic water is different. It can still maintain its solid shape at a high temperature of ,000 degrees Celsius , which is the well-known ice form.
can maintain solid state at a high temperature of 2000 degrees Celsius, which seems to have completely subverted the current cognition of in humans. However, if you carefully explore the principles, you can find rationality.
Ultra-ionic water and ice crystals
enters the 21st century. With the advancement of human science and technology, scientists simulate a place similar to planetary core .
is in the kernel, the temperature exceeds 2000℃, and the pressure is equivalent to 100,000 times the normal atmospheric pressure. After preliminary research and analysis.
Ordinary planetary structure
substance in such an extreme environment will be very strange, such as water, which intersects the solid state and the liquid state.
At this time, the oxygen atom remains stable in the water, and the hydrogen atom is more active than usual . The stable oxygen atoms form a tightly packed crystal lattice, forming solid ice .
The fixed oxygen atoms diffuse proton , causing the ion's conductivity to continue to rise, and superion water becomes extremely easy to conduct electricity, even exceeding metal materials.
The solid state formed by superion water in this form is, and if melts it, at least it must exceed the temperature generated when it is formed.
In order to further study the characteristics of ultraion water , scientists conducted another precise experiment.
Previously, due to the limitations of technical conditions , humans studied that ultra-ionic water was heated by laser, which quickly heated up the temperature of the water, and simply judged the characteristics of ultra-ionic water.
This time, with the scientists who brought the more precision equipment , they decided to make a portion of superion water themselves.
Considering the difficulty of making, scientists used an water droplet , which was only 1.5 mm wide, for experiments.
water droplets are sandwiched in between two diamonds . The two diamonds can generate extremely high pressure under 's special instrument , simulating the pressure environment inside the planet.
In terms of temperature, scientists still use the traditional laser to heat . The difference is that the control accuracy of this heating is controlled within nanoseconds.
After everything was ready, the scientists placed the water droplets on the specially made test bench , and six high-power lasers were aimed at the water droplets at the same time.
Once the experiment begins, the energy radiated by six lasers can instantly reach 2000 degrees Celsius. Scientists can know the changes in the water state by observing the vibration frequency of water molecules in it.
Laser radiated in 11 nanoseconds, and the data has been recorded in it. Sure enough, the atom in the water droplets has been recombined and arranged in high temperatures, just from to 5 nanoseconds, and after 5 nanoseconds, the vibration frequency of the water changes.
Arrangement of water molecules
As the so-called path of science Never end . Although it is proved that ultraionic water does exist, experimentalist Fried said: "By observing, we can determine the boundary of the state of matter."
Observation of ultraionic water is only taking the first step in . There are more problems waiting for scientists to explore in the future.
Ice giant in the universe
In the 1990s, astronomers redefine the gas planet because astronomers found that only 20% of the gas content inside Uranus is hydrogen .
This is different from pure gas planets such as Jupiter. The hydrogen content in Jupiter is as high as more than 90%, and the main component of Uranus is ice.
So astronomers kicked these giant planets, mainly composed of ice, out of the ranks of gaseous planets, and turned them into ice giants .
Ice Superstar Internal Structure
The surface layer of the ice Superstar is mainly hydrogen gas . Below the surface layer is a permafrost ice layer. The main components of ice are water, methane and other substances.
Later, astronomers studied the hydrogen in the ice giant and found that the hydrogen of the ice giant lacked metal hydrogen , which became another important distinction condition.
Scientists say that the inside of the ice giant planet is currently known, it is very likely that the interior of the ice giant planet is filled with superion water , such as Uranus.
Uranus is filled with a solid water source. Although the surface temperature of is as low as minus 200 degrees Celsius, the high temperature generated by the core is enough to turn water into superion water.
Over time, the superion water inside the planet will experience convection , and eventually the entire core will be filled with superion water.
Humans cannot reach the interior of these planets, but they can uncover the secrets of gaseous planets in the galaxy by studying the same matter of .
The vast and mysterious universe
can even be revealed in Uranus, why is there such a powerful magnetic field ?
The magnetic field strength of in Uranus is 150 times that of the earth . Previously, scientists speculated that on the one hand, it is likely to be related to its huge body shape.
On the other hand, it may be due to ionization convection melting ice mantle , and the thick ice layer affects the turnover of Uranus magnetic field.
As the exploration of superion water deepens, it may change humans' existing views on ice giants such as Uranus.
