- Interpretation of Chinese wisdom with
mysteries of nature: Zhang Baoying
(The book has been Hualing Publishing House, the title in October 2020 "to explore the mystery of the whole three natural" on the books " Heaven, Earth and Nature) Please indicate the source for reprinting, thank you
(continued from the previous article)
3. Electromagnetic properties of seawater
As mentioned above, seawater contains high concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Ions, chloride ions...These ions are all charged particles. Therefore, sea water is actually a special plasma composed of a large number of charged particles, and generates a large amount of ocean current in the ocean. The form of motion exhibited by the tsunami is precisely the collective interaction of charged particles unique to plasma. Because the interaction force between charged particles is a long-range Coulomb force, they are long-range interactions, and a charged particle can interact with many other charged particles at the same time, and the information of a charged particle can be transmitted to many other charged particles at the same time. Therefore, the first characteristic of plasma is collective interaction, that is, each charged particle can have collective Coulomb interaction with many surrounding charged particles. [10] The reason why the tsunami wave can drive thousands of miles to reach the other side of the ocean one to two thousand kilometers away, where it bursts out with terrifying power, is closely related to the electromagnetic properties of seawater, or that the electrification of seawater leads to a tsunami. A necessary condition for If the seawater is not charged and there is no ocean current, it will not resonate (resonate) with the long-wave electromagnetic wave, and it will not cause a tsunami.
From this, it can be judged that when a tsunami occurs, which sea areas have higher plasma concentrations and stronger currents, and which sea areas have transverse wave resonance effects stronger, and the greater the energy released, the tsunami wave will also be The higher, the more destructive. This is also determined by the gradient force of electric field . The coast of Japan is a place where earthquakes often occur, and there is often a large amount of plasma. Therefore, when some large tsunamis occur, the coast of Japan is often the hardest hit area, even if it occurs on the other side of the ocean. However, there are fewer earthquakes along the coast of China, indicating that the concentration of plasma accumulated on the seabed is low.Therefore, it is less affected by the tsunami. For example, the tsunami induced by the Chilean earthquake in 1960 severely damaged the coast of Japan, while the coast of China was unharmed.
fully shows that the phenomenon of the direct connection between the tsunami and the charged particles in the seawater is the seawater luminescence phenomenon in the tsunami. According to observations, tsunami luminescence occurs within a few minutes or even longer before the destructive waves rush into the coast, and the luminescence can reach an unusually bright level. Japan is a country with a lot of earthquakes and tsunamis, and there are countless examples of tsunamis. For example, in the Sanriku region on June 15, 1896, a 25-meter-high tsunami flooded some villages and cities. When the sea exited three miles, the bottom of the water glowed with a pale blue light. Therefore, it can be clearly seen in the dark night without moon and stars. Look out the village. Later, the waves came turbulently. At this time, the sky appeared pink. A fisherman sailed into a huge wave and saw the flash on the wave crest as bright as an electric light, enough to distinguish the patterns on the clothes. Similar to this kind of luminous phenomenon, it has also been recorded during the Mutsu tsunami in 1677, the Kii tsunami in 1707, the Hishimabara Peninsula tsunami in 1792, the Nankaido earthquake tsunami in 1854, and the Sanriku tsunami in 1896. The survey on the luminous phenomenon of the tsunami that occurred in Sanriku, Japan in the early morning of March 3, 1933 is very detailed. It is divided into eight categories:
1. The light of the waves. Someone saw a white light on the wave during the tsunami; 2. There was a flash of light on the sea surface. Looking at the sea after the earthquake, the entire sea surface was shining. An old man yelled "Tsunami is coming" while witnessing this. Running home. Follow the tsunami. 3. When the tsunami hits the coast, the coastal part emits blue light; ... 4. When the tsunami occurs, the seabed will also emit blue light when the sea retreats. Someone saw the sea water begin to recede about 30 minutes after the earthquake, and when it retreated to about 100 meters, water spurted out of the silt on the seabed and gave out blue light at the same time; 5. Meteor-like light. 6. "Circular light objects that move forward with the waves"... dozens of luminous bodies appeared, with very strong brightness, and each luminous body disappeared after 1 to 2 seconds... 7. A fireball above the offshore surface; …… 8. The strong light radiating from the sea. [11]
On December 21, 1946, Japan "at zero o'clock on the day of the tsunami, several fishermen came out of Kamaishi Bay to fish on the sea about 4 nautical miles northeast of Sankan Island and found a large ship in front of the ship. The fireball, the size of a full moon, is 20-30 meters above the sea,As the ship approached, the fireball gradually shrank and disappeared. The weather was clear at that time. "[12]
is easy to judge. The only thing that can make sea water glow is the charged particles (plasma) in the sea water. The various luminescence phenomena during the tsunami show that the sea water has collected charged particles far beyond the normal level.
The rumbling sound of the sea waves when a tsunami occurs is also a typical manifestation of the electromagnetic effect of seawater-it is a kind of electro-induced and resonant sound, and if it is only a mechanical vibration caused by the vertical rise and fall of the seabed, such a sound will not be emitted. Loud noise.
When a tsunami occurs, the seawater will not only resonate transverse waves, but sometimes the Lorentz force in the electromagnetic field will also trigger the cyclotron resonance of the charged particles, causing the ship in the sea to rotate rapidly. For example, on August 6, 1868, the United States The navy’s heavy artillery coastal defense ship and the 2,000-ton Vautry encountered a tsunami during a visit to the port of Ariga on the Pacific coast of South America. Finally, the warship was thrown over the coastal sand dunes by the violent waves and passed into the Bolivia. The railway line was thrown to the foothills of the Cordillera Coastal Mountains about 3 kilometers from the coastline. [8] (A warship of nearly 2,000 tons can be thrown 3 kilometers away, and this kind of energy is by no means aroused by the vertical rise and fall of the seabed. It can be reached by the waves.)
According to records, this "heavy artillery coastal defense ship was spinning like crazy when it was hit by the tsunami." In normal times, even if all machines are running at full horsepower, it would never be possible to reach such a speed...The ground continues to tremble irregularly, and the heavy artillery coastal defense ships sometimes circulate wildly, sometimes stop suddenly..." [8]
The details reflect the essence. In normal times, the heavy artillery coastal defense ship “will never reach such a speed even if all the machines are at full power”, indicating that the warship has been subjected to a huge external force, which can only be provided by the electromagnetic energy released by the seabed earthquake that caused the tsunami. Why is the warship? Will it "rotate like crazy"? This is precisely the electromagnetic pulse released by the seabed earthquake during the tsunami that generates a very strong electromagnetic field. The Lorentz force in the magnetic field triggers the cyclotron resonance of the charged particles, which causes the warship to spin crazy. In addition, in Under a certain resonance state, the object will lose weight, and because of this, a warship with a displacement of 2000 tons will be thrown 3 kilometers. The trough effect (transverse wave resonance effect), the tsunami lasts for several hours, tens of hours,The crazy rotation of warships and other phenomena can be judged: a tsunami is essentially an electromagnetic phenomenon, a resonance effect.
At the same time, it can be judged that the tsunami can never be caused by mechanical movements such as submarine landslides and vertical lifting of the submarine. Such misconceptions must be completely corrected before a breakthrough in tsunami research can be achieved.
So far, we have basically made a comprehensive and reasonable answer to the various phenomena and difficult questions related to the tsunami using the scientific knowledge we have already mastered. The shortcoming is that there is no "quantitative description", personal ability is limited, and later generations are required to distinguish. Although such an explanation may not make it into the palace of "science", it is enough to clarify the public's confusion.
The author believes that in the study of natural phenomena, one should first clarify the thinking, look for the direction, and then quantitatively describe it. Only by focusing on the target, it is possible to get the correct result. This is an indispensable preparatory work, which should become the "standard" method for studying natural phenomena. If you haven't figured out what's going on, you will blindly describe it quantitatively, and you can only lead the research astray, lead to an evil path, and fall into the abyss of immortality.
4. tide mystery
Human understanding of ocean tide phenomenon, the currently accepted explanation is: the gravity of the moon and the sun is the cause of the tide. This view seems to explain many characteristics of tides. For example, in the new moon and full moon, the sun and moon have the same force to generate tides. At this time, the tides are larger than usual. At the upper and lower quarters of the moon, the tide is smaller than usual. Similarly, when the moon is closest to the earth, the tides are much larger than when the moon is farthest from the earth.
"However, for a navigator familiar with the Seven Oceans, this explanation is too simplistic. Because he found that the tides around the world are not only different in time and amplitude, but also in the characteristics of their ups and downs. In some areas, it seems that the tide does not move with the moon but with the sun. Its main manifestation is: the high tide and low tide are not delayed by 50 minutes every day, but arrive at the same time every day. The tower in the Society Islands of Oceania Hitti Island, people have known for many years that the high tide usually comes at noon and midnight, while the low tide comes at 6 o'clock in the morning and evening.This shows that in Tahiti, the tides are caused by the sun rather than the moon. [13]
In addition, on a small island "Tuesday Island" in the Torres Strait in Oceania, a more illustrative example of the solar tide was found. ——The tide here is not like everywhere in the world, which is delayed 50 minutes every day, but arrives at the same time every day. [13]
Furthermore, most seas in the world have two tides (semi-diurnal tides) every day. In this regard, some people have also raised this question: If there is a moon on each side of the earth and the distance is equal, then Everything will be clear. Logic will tell us that under the action of universal gravitation, the water on the earth will converge on two huge water mountains (attracted by the two moons). However, since we do not have a second moon, explaining this phenomenon is not so simple. ——If the seawater in the ocean gathers towards the moon, then there should be an ebb phenomenon on the "backside" of the earth, right? [14]
At the same time, it has long been pointed out that the mass of the moon is only 1/81.3 of the mass of the earth, and its gravity cannot even attract air particles on its own planet. How can it make the earth 380,000 kilometers away? How about "making waves" on the sea? Gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, and its decay rate is very significant.
is currently known, "In terms of the size of the tides, the sun and the moon's tidal force is very small, and the maximum tidal range is only 0.563 meters. In fact, the tides near the land have some tidal range. However, it reaches 10-20 meters, which is 20-30 times larger than the tidal range caused by the lunar and sun’s tidal forces. [15]
Moreover, “in the shallow sea zone near the land, a huge amount of sea water produces a huge friction force. , In some places, it can raise the seawater above 15 meters at high tide. If you raise 5 kilograms of seawater to a height of 15 meters, you will do 75 kilograms of work, which has nearly 3/4 kilowatts of power. The tidal force of the sun and the moon cannot generate such a large force on the earth. "[15]
Someone calculated that even in the place with the greatest tidal force on the earth, the lunar tidal force of a 1 kg object is at most 1.10×10-6 m/s2, which is only equivalent to the earth’s gravitational force of 9.8 One 8.9 millionth of m/s 2.For a person weighing 100 kg (the same is true for other objects), the tidal force from the moon will not exceed 11 dyne. 11 How powerful is the dyne? It's so pitiful that an ant can exert 100 causes. [16] How can such a weak lunar tidal force trigger a tide that sometimes reaches as high as eight or nine meters?
So what is the main force that causes tides?
It is very likely that the main factor causing the tides is also ionosphere and the electrostrictive and magnetostrictive effects of the ocean caused by changes in the magnetospheric electromagnetic field.
According to dielectric physics and ferroelectric physics, any dielectric (including solid, liquid, gas) will have stress under the action of external electric field E. The magnitude of this stress has a linear relationship with the quadratic term of E, and this effect is called electrostriction. The electrostrictive effect of liquids is easy to observe. As in the figure, the metal plate electrode immersed in the liquid has a small hole connected to the pressure gauge. When a voltage is applied to the two electrodes, the electric force lines are concentrated between the two electrodes. Because the liquid outside the electrode is attracted between the electrodes, the pressure of the bubbles in it increases.
Electrostriction of liquid
After 1979, particularly large electrostrictive strain was found in high dielectric constant materials and ferromagnets slightly higher than the Curie point. [17]
In addition, it is known from ferromagnetism that geometrical deformation of ferromagnets occurs when they enter a changing magnetic field. This effect is called magnetostriction.
It is well known that there is an ionosphere and magnetosphere that are tens of thousands of kilometers thick mainly composed of plasma above the atmosphere, and due to the trapping effect of the geomagnetic field, there are two more charges in the magnetosphere. The radiation belt with high particle (plasma) density-Van Allen radiation belt (divided into inner radiation belt and outer radiation belt). These thick plasma layers surrounding the earth are affected by solar radiation, solar energetic particles and cosmic rays. Will deviate from electrical neutrality and generate a strong electric field. This powerful electric field electromagnetically resonates with the ocean containing a higher concentration of charged particles (various ions), which is enough to have a huge impact on the ocean.
As the intensity of solar radiation changes with the rotation of the earth,Leading to changes in the ionosphere and lower atmospheric ionization rate, resulting in changes in the electric field intensity of the ionosphere and lower atmosphere, and electromagnetic resonance between the ionosphere, lower atmospheric electric field and ocean electric field (the ionosphere and lower atmospheric electric field increase, and the ocean electric field also increases, and vice versa. .), the resulting electrostrictive and magnetostrictive effects form the main force that causes ocean tide.
means that when the ocean faces the sun, the ionosphere and lower atmosphere ionization rate increase due to solar radiation. At the same time, solar wind will also bring more charged particles, which will increase the electric field, electrostriction and magnetostriction The effect causes the sea to expand and the tide appears, and vice versa. From a microscopic point of view, when the dielectric constant ε>1, the electrostrictive effect causes the dielectric to be attracted to the place where the electric line density is high, regardless of the direction of the electric field. [17] This means that the coastal electric field increases at high tide and weakens at low tide. This will be easily verified by observation.
Since seawater contains a large number of charged particles such as sodium, chlorine, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc., the electrostriction and magnetostriction effects are more significant.
Therefore, ocean tides may be mainly controlled by solar electric fields, solar radiation, and solar wind. However, the influence of the moon and the sun's gravity on the tides is only a small part.
Land is also affected by electrostriction and magnetostriction effects caused by changes in the electric field strength of the ionosphere and lower atmosphere, but the strength of the force depends on the concentration of charged particles accumulated in the crust, because land is solid The expansion effect is not significant. This is the so-called "solid tide". The same is true for the atmosphere, the "gas tide".
The reason why semidiurnal tides occur in most sea areas in the world, that is, the rise and fall of sea water occur twice in a day, which may be because the oceans occupy 70% of the earth's area, and the oceans are connected together, and the continents cannot Separate them completely, so the electrostrictive and magnetostrictive effects produced by the solar electric field during the day will also be transmitted to the other side of the earth, so the night tide is the result of the seawater on the other side of the earth being regulated by the solar electric field.
So, why does the monthly spring tide period seem to be related to the moon's cycle? This may be a misunderstanding: it may only be related to the sun’s rotation period ,The 27-day solar rotation period is very close to the 27.33-day lunar revolution period, and this period has been misunderstood as the lunar revolution period. If the moon can indeed have a significant influence on the tides, it may also be mainly caused by the influence of the moon’s operating state on the electromagnetic field of the earth.
So why does the sun's rotation cycle cause the periodic change of tides? It has long been discovered that there are coronal holes in the solar corona with a lifetime of up to 20 solar rotation cycles (each rotation cycle is about 27 days). The coronal hole is the source of high-speed solar wind (plasma flow). The wind speed of the solar wind blowing from the normal corona can reach 300-400 kilometers near the earth, and the wind speed of the solar wind blowing from the coronal hole can reach 700-800 kilometers per second. [18] When the coronal hole turns to face the earth, the high-speed solar wind ejected increases the earth's electric (magnetic) field, and the effects of electrostriction and magnetostriction increase the tidal height, and vice versa. In this way, the tidal changes should be consistent with the period of the magnetic storm. This can be verified by observation.
What can confirm this view is the world-famous Qiantang tide. Qiantang tide occurs every year around the eighteenth day of the lunar calendar. The tide is very spectacular, and the tide can reach more than nine meters. If the tide is only caused by the gravity of the moon and the sun, then the gravity of the moon and the sun has not changed significantly during this period of time. Why has the tide level changed so much? If this is because (as explained in some popular science books) the Hangzhou Bay of the Qiantang River estuary is a trumpet-shaped estuary, and there is a long sandy hill on the bottom of the sea, then this topography is the same at other times, why there is no spring tide at other times What?
The view that solar radiation is used to control the ionosphere and lower atmospheric electric fields and thus influence the ocean electric fields can be reasonably explained: around the eighth lunar month, the Qiantang River estuary near 30° north latitude is directly exposed to the sun and the temperature is highest, so the air The ionization degree of sea water is relatively high, the concentration of charged particles in the sea water is relatively large, and the electrostriction and magnetostriction effects induced by the ionosphere and the lower atmospheric electric field are the maximum period, so it will be higher than usual during this period Much surge.
It is true that the gravity of the moon, the gravity of the sun, and Coriolis force will also have a certain impact on the tide, but this impact may be smaller than the electrostriction and magnetostriction effects produced by the ionosphere and magnetosphere electromagnetic fields. Much.Therefore, the main contribution to the formation of tides is the electromagnetic force (electrostrictive and magnetostrictive effects) generated by the earth’s ionosphere and magnetospheric electromagnetic fields modulated by solar radiation and solar wind, plus the gravity of the moon, sun, and other planets. , Coriolis force, etc. The combined effect of these forces forms the tides on the earth.
In addition, Zhang Shubin believes that the tides are caused by the expansion and contraction of the sea due to the sun's rays (to the effect). Obviously, the thermal expansion and contraction of seawater will also be one of the causes of tides.
It is incomplete to study tides only from the perspective of gravity.
[1] National Comprehensive Research Group of Major Natural Disasters, National Science and Technology Commission, "China's Major Natural Disasters and Disaster Reduction Countermeasures", Beijing, Science Press, 1993, 425, 395, 398 ~ 399, 395,
[2] Li Cheng, "Research on Earthquake and Tsunami", "Ocean Bulletin", 1982, 2, 18, 17
[3] Wang Youlong and others, "Revelation of Disaster Mitigation Interests", Beijing, Seismological Press, 1994, 24, 67
[4] Bao Chenglan, "Marine Disasters and Forecasts", see "Disaster Management Library", Beijing, Contemporary China Press, 1999, 1568
[5] Zhang Qifu, "Howling Waves", see "Disaster Mitigation Interests" Revelation, Beijing, Seismological Press, 1994, 25
[6] Du Yuansheng, Han Xin, "On the Effect of Tsunami and Tsunami Rock", "Geological Science and Technology Information", 2000, 3, 1, 19-20
[ 7] Tao Shilong, "The Changing and Colorful Earth", Changsha, Hunan Education Press, 1999, 157～159
[8] Li Jie, Li Yue, "Marine Disaster", Beijing, Knowledge Press, 1999, 35, 41～46
[9] Editorial Department of "Central Plains Seismological Popularization News", "Talking about Heaven and Earth", Beijing, Seismological Press, 1994, 73
[10] Shao Fuqiu, "Plasma Simulation", Beijing, Science Press , 2002, 1
[11] Xu Haomin,"Probing the Origin of Earth Light", Beijing, Seismological Press, 1989, 49～51
[12] Xu Haomin, "Earth Atmosphere·Earth Light·Earth Phenomenon", "Progress in Geophysics", 1997, 4, 122
[13] [US] WR Corliss, "Strange Natural Phenomenon·Part 2", translated by Li Erong et al., Beijing, Geological Publishing House, 1985, 115～117
[14] [West Germany] F. Bao Shikai, " Unsolved Mystery, translated by Zhang Houchen and others, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Publishing House, 1983, 129
[15] Huang Peihua, "The Tide", Shanghai, New Knowledge Publishing House, 1957, 22, 26
[16] Jin Dechu , "Moon, Sun, Earth and Spiritual Activities", "Nature Magazine", 1987, 3, 223
[17] Yin Zhiwen, "Dielectric Physics", Beijing, Science Press, 2003, 263～264
[18] Liu Xuzhao, "The Mystery of "M Area" and Miandong", "Nature Magazine", 3, 4, 1980, 295
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