Nutrients are some substances needed by the human body, mainly divided into macronutrients with larger demands of the human body and micronutrients with smaller demands of the human body.
macronutrients vs micronutrients
macronutrients are the nutrients that we account for a large proportion of our daily meals. These nutrients catabolize and metabolize in our bodies to generate energy, providing energy for our daily activities. It mainly includes sugars, lipids, protein , etc.
micronutrients include vitamins and minerals. Compared with macronutrients such as carbohydrates , fats and proteins, the human body only needs to consume a small amount of micronutrients to maintain normal life activities. In addition, micronutrients are closely related to the body's metabolism, growth and development, immune function, and anti-infection.
vitamin
water soluble vitamin
represented by vitamin B group, vitamin C, etc., and needs to be supplied from food every day. The human body cannot store
fat-soluble vitamin
vitamin A D, etc., do not need to be provided daily from food. They are mainly stored in the liver
. There are about 70 types of human minerals. Except for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, the rest of the elements are called minerals. Different trace elements have different nutritional values, such as iron participates in the synthesis of hemoglobin, myoglobin and a variety of ferroenzymes. Copper can promote the utilization of iron, the generation of collagen fibers and the anti-aging effect.
diabetes VS micronutrients
When it comes to html type 12 diabetes , what catches your eye are overnutrition, obesity, high prevalence and other characteristic words. However, in most patients with type 2 diabetes, there is a micronutrient deficiency corresponding to overnutrition.
The reason is:
1) Diabetic patients lose nutrients due to polyuria;
2) Diabetic patients have gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by gastrointestinal tract due to neuropathy, which affects digestion and absorption;
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4) Some patients with severe diabetes have disordered protein metabolism, which will lead to dysregulation of micronutrients and other substances;
5) Drug factors, such as long-term taking metformin may lead to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Diabetic patients VS supplement nutrients
So, how should diabetic patients supplement nutrients? For different micronutrients, diabetic patients should "adapt to local conditions and supplement in moderation" and avoid incorrect concepts such as "wide supplementation, more and more will make the better".
Take β-carotenoid as an example. Diabetic patients can meet their daily needs by eating pumpkin, fungus , sweet potato, carrot , cantaloupe, orange, orange and other foods containing β-carotenoids. It is not advisable to supplement them through exogenous drugs.
Most patients with diabetes have vitamin D deficiency, and are particularly prone to complications of osteoporosis . The effect of dietary therapy supplementation through dairy products, sea fish, etc. is limited, and long-term regular supplementation is recommended. According to regular monitoring of 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels, vitamin D supplementation (2000U/day) can be performed in a short-term large dose, which can correct vitamin D deficiency and may also help reduce fasting blood sugar .
Most diabetic patients generally lack vitamin B12, especially elderly patients, patients with diabetes peripheral neuropathy, and patients who have been taking metformin for a long time can supplement them with drugs, but it should be noted that excessive supplementation should not be maintained within a moderate range, and regular monitoring is required during the treatment process.
In addition, diabetic patients may also be involved in supplementing micronutrients such as zinc and chromium, and patients need to go to a regular hospital under the guidance of professional doctors. The treatment of diabetes requires comprehensive intervention through various means, among which dietary factors are also very important. I hope that diabetics will selectively and moderately supplement trace elements to delay the occurrence of diabetes complications and improve the quality of life.
Text source｜Life Times
Popular Science Author｜Dong Kun Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan Associate Chief Physician
