As the COVID-19 epidemic is being contained again and again, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of vaccination. However, the public’s misunderstanding of vaccine knowledge has also caused rumors about the new coronavirus vaccine to continue to be renovat

As the COVID-19 epidemic is being contained again and again, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of vaccination. However, the public's misunderstanding of vaccine knowledge has also led to continued rumors about the new coronavirus vaccine. No, the Internet has begun to spread rumors that the new coronavirus vaccine will lose its effectiveness quickly after being vaccinated, and its effectiveness will become "negative", making it even easier to be infected with new coronavirus . In fact, there is a big misunderstanding here. The latest issue of the "Science" Rumor List specifically debunks this rumor. In addition, there are also popular health rumors that everyone is paying attention to recently. They have also appeared on the list. Let’s find out the truth! The

monthly "scientific" rumor list is jointly released by the Beijing Association for Science and Technology , the Cyberspace Administration of Beijing Municipal Committee, and the Capital Internet Association . It is jointly released by the Beijing Science and Technology Journalists and Editors Association and the Beijing regional website jointly with the rumor refuting platform .

Myth: Chickenpox It is a disease that only children can get

The truth: Although chickenpox is more common in children aged 2-10, it is not "exclusive" for children. Adults can also get chickenpox. If it is not isolated and treated in time, it can easily affect the family. other members suffered. Chickenpox, as we often call it, refers to an acute infectious disease caused by primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus. Life-long immunity can be obtained after chickenpox, and the chance of reinfection is very small, thus creating the impression that "adults should not avoid chickenpox".

In fact, people who have never had chickenpox or been vaccinated with chickenpox vaccine are highly susceptible to chickenpox, and adults are no exception. In addition, after recovery from chickenpox, the virus does not disappear but remains latent in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord. When the body's immune function weakens, it may induce the varicella-zoster virus to reactivate and spread to the skin along the peripheral nerves, resulting in herpes zoster. The patient's rash contains a high concentration of the varicella-zoster virus, and direct contact with the blister fluid can cause chickenpox in people who have never been infected with chickenpox. The symptoms of chickenpox infection in adults are often more severe than those in children. They are often complicated by diffuse nodular pneumonia, and the mortality rate is as high as 10% to 40%. Therefore, adults should also pay attention to preventing chickenpox.

Rumor: Vaccine effectiveness becomes "negative" and counterproductive

Truth Recently, some articles on the Internet claimed that studies have shown that the effectiveness of the new coronavirus vaccine has become negative in just a few months, which means that those who have been vaccinated are more susceptible to infection. There are some misunderstandings here. According to the original study, the vaccine's effectiveness declined over time, but the decline in effectiveness in the study was for mild disease. In addition to mild symptoms, the vaccine still has a good effect in preventing severe illness, reducing the risk of hospitalization, and reducing the risk of death.

Therefore, it is biased to say that the vaccine is ineffective when the effectiveness of protecting against mild cases is reduced.

At the same time, a negative number for vaccine effectiveness does not mean that the vaccine is counterproductive (increasing the risk of infection). The negative number is caused by potential bias factors in the data statistics process. The so-called "vaccine effectiveness becomes negative" means from a scientific perspective that there is no evidence that the vaccine can effectively reduce the risk of symptomatic infection, which is consistent with the meaning of zero effectiveness. The effectiveness of vaccines is multi-faceted. Even if the effectiveness in preventing infection decreases, the new coronavirus vaccine still provides very critical effectiveness in preventing severe disease.

Rumor: The pungent smell emitted by Enoki mushrooms is formaldehyde

The truth We may encounter this situation when buying Enoki mushrooms every day - smelling a pungent smell after opening the bag. Some people think this is because businesses use formaldehyde to "bleach" it, which not only damages the liver and kidneys but also causes cancer after consumption. Actually, I really don't think so.

You may smell a pungent smell when you open the enoki mushroom packaging bag. This is not due to the addition of formaldehyde, but because the temperature changes during transportation, causing the enoki mushrooms to switch from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration anaerobic respiration , thereby producing some volatile aldehyde gases.

Enoki mushrooms are indeed originally yellow, and the reason why they turn "white" is not the result of bleaching with formaldehyde. Nowadays, most of the enoki mushrooms on the market are new varieties originating from Japan. Researchers discovered genetically mutated white enoki mushrooms among yellow enoki mushrooms, and then retained them for cultivation. This kind of enoki mushroom not only has good color, but also has fast growth speed and high uniformity.my country's "Food Safety Law" and " Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Law" clearly stipulate that formaldehyde shall not be used as a food processing aid for production and operation.

Myth: The bigger the mosquito bag is, the more poisonous it is

The truth After a rain, it’s time for mosquitoes to become rampant again. Some people think that the size of the swelling after being bitten by a mosquito can indicate the toxicity of the mosquito. The larger the mosquito bag, the more toxic it is. In fact, after being bitten by a mosquito, the size of the bite has nothing to do with the "toxicity" of the mosquito, but is closely related to the individual's immune system mechanism.

The process of human reaction to mosquito bites is an allergic reaction process. There are four types of human allergies: Type I allergic reactions, also known as immediate allergic reactions, occur relatively quickly and the body's reaction is relatively severe. Common ones include penicillin allergic reactions, drug-induced drug rash , and food-induced allergic gastric reactions. Enteritis, asthma attack , anaphylactic shock, etc.; Type II allergy is also called cytotoxic allergy, such as blood transfusion reactions that do not match the blood type; Type III allergy is also called immune complex type allergy, such as Streptococcus Partial glomerulonephritis after infection with ; Type IV allergy is also called delayed allergic reaction. The first exposure will not cause a reaction, but exposure to the antigen again will cause a reaction. For example, rejection of organ transplantation, certain autoimmune diseases, etc.

The reactions to mosquito bites are generally divided into local reactions and systemic reactions. The typical reaction is a local reaction: a wheal rash that usually appears immediately with redness, swelling and itching, and is most obvious 20 minutes after the bite. Local reactions generally have the following characteristics: People who have never been exposed to a certain mosquito will not react to the first bite of this type of mosquito, and subsequent bites will cause a delayed local skin reaction and immediate risk. group.

Therefore, this type of local reaction belongs to type I allergic reaction (also known as immediate allergic reaction), which occurs relatively quickly and the human body's reaction is relatively violent. However, the immediate reaction of people who are bitten repeatedly by the same mosquito species will eventually wear off. Therefore, the local reaction of adults being bitten by mosquitoes is not as severe as that of children, because adults are all "bitten" by mosquitoes.

Rumor: Disposable gloves are not oil-proof, so they are useless

The truth When we eat crayfish, fried chicken and other foods, we often wear disposable plastic gloves. Firstly, they are hygienic and secondly, they can prevent the hands from being contaminated by oil. But after eating, my hands were still greasy. Therefore, some people think that these disposable plastic gloves are completely useless. In fact, gloves are very "unjust".

When in contact with food, the biggest role of wearing disposable gloves is not to prevent oil, but to block bacteria. Disposable gloves made of polyethylene material can block bacteria. Wearing it when eating crayfish can effectively prevent bacteria on your hands from entering the human body, thereby achieving the purpose of healthy eating.

uses polyethylene for the production of disposable gloves. Its raw materials are mainly low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). According to the principle of "like dissolves like", low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene may swell to a certain extent when in contact with oil, allowing oil molecules to pass through disposable gloves through gaps invisible to our naked eyes. Therefore, even if you wear disposable gloves, it is difficult to completely block the oil.

It is worth noting that when using disposable gloves, try to buy products produced by regular manufacturers. Low-quality disposable gloves may have compromised performance and may contain harmful substances. Text/Reporter Li Jie