There are many types of "bad heart", and the "distress signals" sent by the body are different. The more common ones are as follows:
(1) Congenital cardiovascular disease : A common one in adults is atrial septal defect , ventricular septal defect , heart valve malformation, patent ductus arteriosus , etc. These congenital cardiac structural abnormalities may be asymptomatic in childhood, but often cause or aggravate hemodynamic changes in the heart with age, thus leading to discomfort with exertional dyspnea as the main manifestation. symptom. At first, shortness of breath only occurs after strenuous activities or heavy physical labor, such as speed running, climbing stairs, and lifting heavy objects. As the condition worsens, it may gradually develop to difficulty breathing during light activities, labor, or even quiet rest. At the same time, symptoms such as swollen feet and inability to lie down at night may also occur due to affected heart function.
(2) Heart valve disease , Cardiomyopathy : These cardiac structural abnormalities caused by various acquired inducements can also cause symptoms similar to the above congenital cardiovascular diseases.
(3) Arrhythmia : The heart rhythm of normal people is sinus rhythm , which is regular and moderately fast. Therefore, under normal circumstances, people will not feel their own heartbeat in daily life. There are many types of arrhythmia diseases, including those that beat too slowly, those that beat too fast, and those that beat out of rhythm. Not everyone will have subjective symptoms, but a large number of patients will feel palpitations and sometimes Accompanied by shortness of breath, chest tightness, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness and even syncope.
(4) coronary atherosclerotic heart disease : It is also commonly known as " coronary heart disease ". Coronary heart disease is caused by the accumulation and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in the heart's blood vessels, resulting in stenosis or even blockage, causing myocardial ischemia and causing physical discomfort. When the vascular lesions are mild, they are generally asymptomatic, but as the lesions worsen, most patients will develop angina pectoris symptoms after activity or labor, manifesting as paroxysmal chest squeezing pain or suffocation, mainly located in the chest. area and can sometimes radiate to the left shoulder or even the back. In mild cases, pain and other discomfort will disappear after resting or taking nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue. In severe cases, the pain may not be relieved by rest or taking nitroglycerin tablets sublingually, and the pain may last for more than 30 minutes or even several hours. , at this time, it is often a manifestation of myocardial infarction caused by acute blockage of the coronary arteries of the heart, which requires prompt and timely medical treatment.
Author | Huang Jiawen, Chief Pharmacist of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University
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