Behavioral psychology is the most popular psychology theory in North America from the beginning to the middle of the 20th century. The main representatives of this school are Watson and Skinner. Their main point of view is that the research object of psychology is external behavior rather than internal mental activity, because they believe that there are only external behaviors. It is observable, and the implicit psychology cannot be observed. Behavioral psychology advocates exploring changes in human behavior from the stimulus-response relationship, advocating learning through trial and error methods, and advocating the use of positive and negative reinforcement methods to encourage the educated to form and consolidate correct behavior habits. , Eliminate incorrect behavior habits. According to this basic theoretical point of view, behaviorist educational psychology emphasizes the education of children by changing stimulus conditions, designing education, teaching environment, and hard training methods.
From a large amount of literature, I think that the main points of behaviorist psychology related to the principle of special education can be roughly summarized into the following four points:
1. Whether it is low energy or supernormal, it only indicates the individual In addition, there is no more meaning to the different learning conditions; in other words, the task of special education is to design different teaching and education methods according to the learning conditions of different individuals.
2. Any particularity of special children can be measured specifically and objectively; that is, any particularity that cannot be specifically measured and objectively identified is denied.
3. The key to implementing special education is to integrate all aspects of services and create an environment conducive to children's behavior changes for special children.
4. In the process of identifying children with special needs and educational intervention, we should try our best to use the more advanced means and methods that modern science can provide, and there should be objective standards that can be tested, such as Yunjing Dafengxing Education and Health Sui. Educational and rehabilitation platform for children in class, Xing Education and Health Evaluation and Rehabilitation Platform for Special Children.
It is precisely because of behavioral psychology that is relatively simple and clear, it is easy to be accepted by teachers and rehabilitation personnel engaged in special education.So in comparison, behaviorist psychology has a more direct and close relationship with the development of special education. For example, Skinner's program teaching theory, stepped small step teaching theory, and computer teaching methods have played a certain role in the education and teaching of mentally handicapped children and the behavior correction of children and adolescents with bad behaviors. This has been verified by Applied Behavior Analysis, which is widely used in special education. However, after the 1960s, the behaviorist psychology school began to decline, and its influence in the field of special education was gradually diluted and weakened by the rising theory of cognitive psychology .
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