In the history of psychology, there are many strange people and strange things. In the rolling wheel of the times, there is a group of pioneers who continue to lead the way and devote their whole life to the study of psychology.
has given psychology a solid theoretical foundation and rigorous scientific methods, giving this young discipline its bones and flesh.
01 "Drive when you disagree" - Freud
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Highlights:
founder of the psychoanalytic school ,
the most famous psychologist in society,
psychology cannot be avoided without him.
Who is the founder of the school of psychoanalysis?
Short comment:
Industry leader, full of creativity.
is both misunderstood and loved.
is a bit petty and cannot tolerate criticism.
Appearance Index: ★★★★
Contradiction Index: ★★★★
Eccentricity Index: ★★★★★
Seriousness Index: ★★★★★
As the founder of the psychoanalytic school, people have never stopped discussing and controversies about Freud and his theories for more than a century.
Freud was still an old smoker. He loved cigars and smoked more than 20 cigars a day. He had to quit smoking until he finally got oral cancer. Many of the photos and wax figures we see of Fernando also look like they are holding a pipe in their mouth.
According to his own theory, people who love to smoke are because they failed to fully suck the mother's milk during infancy, resulting in a poor transition from to lip stage . Therefore, in order to make up for this shortcoming when they grow up, they smoke to satisfy their desires.
He also believes that people who are keen on speaking are also in the oral stage and have not made the transition well. I had problems with breastfeeding when I was a child, so now I love to express myself and tend to be narcissistic;
As for those who never speak, Freud believed that they belong to the anal stage and have not made the transition well. I had problems controlling my bowels and bladder when I was a child, so now I don’t like to express myself and I have a strong defensive mentality.
02 "Slash Youth" - Watson
John Watson (1878-1958)
Who is the founder of behaviorism?
Highlights:
Only talks about behavior, not consciousness.
became the president of the American Psychological Association at a young age.
short review:
handsome professor, rebellious scholar.
The beneficiaries and victims of teacher-student love.
From psychology to advertising,
shines wherever he goes.
Appearance index: ★★★★★
Action index: ★★★★★
Willfulness index: ★★★★★
Cross-border index: ★★★★★
"Please give me a dozen healthy babies without defects and let me In the special world I created, I can guarantee . Among these dozen babies, I can train him to become any kind of expert. "
This is Watson's most ambitious and influential sentence, and it is the "designated term" of environmental determinism .
Watson once conducted a shocking psychological experiment on infant fear. The child in the experiment was named Little Albert, who was only 11 months old.
Watson placed a white mouse in front of the baby. When the baby wanted to touch it, Watson banged the iron rod behind it, making the baby cry. After repeating this several times, the child cried as soon as he saw the white mouse and .
Later, he was not just a white mouse, he would cry when he saw rabbits, dogs, fur coats, and even the white beard of Santa Claus . This proves that fear is not innate but learned.
As the youngest professor in the history of University of Chicago , the handsome Watson has won the favor of many female students. His two marriages were both teacher-student relationships. His first wife wrote him a love letter in class and successfully won Watson over.
Later, the female assistant in the infant fear experiment developed a secret relationship with Watson, and Watson eventually divorced and married the female student.
The love affair between Watson and his female assistant caused quite a stir at that time, and various media criticized it. Watson became so infamous that he left the field of psychology and started working in advertising across industries.
03 "Sadism" - Skinner
B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Highlights:
The proposer of operant conditioning ,
The inventor of Skinner box ,
has constructed a series of research paradigms from basics to application.
Where is the school:
The master and standard bearer of behaviorism
Short comment:
A typical academic, serious and methodical in work,
Good writing, good craftsmanship, and a long life.
Appearance index: ★★★
Quirk index: ★★★★★
Myth index: ★★★★★
Communication index: ★★★★★
Skinner grew up in a small town with beautiful scenery. He has two major hobbies: one is handicrafts The second is to "toss" small animals, catch fish and catch frogs, catch snakes and play with lizards...
He designed the famous Skinner box to conduct experiments on operant conditioning reflexes. This experiment is considered to be one of the greatest psychological experiments of the 20th century.
Put a white mouse in the box and set up a lever or button. The structure of the box eliminates all external stimuli as much as possible. The white rat moves freely in the box. When it presses the lever or button, food will fall into the box.
Obviously, in order to get food, the rat presses the lever.
When Skinner appeared on TV for the first time, he made an astonishing statement: "If I had to choose between burning my children or my books, I would burn my children first."
Such remarks caused an uproar. As a result, various television stations kept inviting him. Skinner appeared to be familiar, and he became popular.
04 "Positive Youth" - Maslow
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Highlights:
The third generation The founder of psychology
proposed Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Which School:
Humanistic Psychology
Short Comment:
Maslow's Psychology is a milestone in the process of
humans understanding themselves.
Appearance index: ★★★
Drama index: ★★★★★
Fatherly index: ★★★★★
Communication index: ★★★★★
Maslow’s parents were incestuous and did not do well in eugenics, so Xiao Ma was not good-looking and had low self-esteem when he was a child.
Pony's father added fuel to the fire and said sarcastically: "Have you ever seen a child uglier than him?"
His family atmosphere was not good, and even the teachers and classmates at school did not like Jews. But then Maslow came up with a very warm theory of humanistic psychology.
Everyone is familiar with Maslow’s main ideas: hierarchy of needs theory , self-actualization, peak experience...
Especially this hierarchy of needs theory, it’s awesome! It needs to be talked about in Introduction to Psychology, History of Psychology, , Educational Psychology, Management Psychology, ... Psychology can never be avoided.
05 "Mr. Nice" - Rogers
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
Highlights:
Engage in consultation wholeheartedly,
Visitor Center, The advocate of non-directive psychotherapy
won the first Outstanding Scientific Contribution Award of the American Psychological Association
Which school is it:
Humanistic Psychology School
Short comment:
went to consult before finishing his doctorate.
finally gained recognition from the academic community and
became the spokesperson for counselors.
Appearance index: ★★★
Beauty index: ★★★★★
Loneliness index: ★★★
Communication index: ★★★★★
When he was a child, his parents were too strict and did not allow Ronaldinho to interact with others. Because he lived on a farm, he could not see many people. Ronaldinho can only read books and make friends with animals and plants.
Later, when he entered the field of psychology, he developed "client-centered therapy". In this kind of counseling therapy, the client mainly speaks, and the counselor does not need to say much.
Rogers believes that an atmosphere of absolute unconditional positive respect should be created during consultation to help others help themselves. But in this kind of consultation, the consultant will generally not give you any specific advice.
Many people think that it is most enjoyable to learn Rogers' psychological counseling strategy. You don't have to say anything, you mainly listen to the client's stories, and then... you can charge a consultation fee.
In fact, it is not that simple. Rogers focused on putting the visitor at the center and emphasizing listening.
These anecdotes from psychologists may be funny or confusing, but it is precisely because of understanding the existence of stories that we can follow the path traveled by our predecessors, be full of exploratory spirit in this field, and constantly discover new things. After all, we are already standing on the shoulders of giants!
