The four major political commissars of Peng Dehuai during the Red Army period: Who are they? There is actually Chairman Mao!
Peng Dehuai is the most special senior general of the Red Army. He is the marshal who participated in the revolution the latest time, but his starting point is very high!
Mr. Peng joined the party in 1928. At that time, he was an intermediate officer in the Hunan Army. Then he launched the famous Pingjiang Uprising in Pingjiang, Yueyang, northern Hunan. Among the ten marshals, Peng Dehuai participated in the revolution the latest, and the remaining nine marshals joined the party the latest in 1927.
Also, Peng Dehuai was the only one who did not participate in the three major uprisings that broke out in 1927.
However, Peng Dehuai's starting point for participating in the revolution was very high. When he and Teng Daiyuan, Huang Gongluo, Deng Ping and others launched the Pingjiang Uprising, he was the commander of the Hunan Army. This position was not very prominent. After all, He Long, Ye Ting, Liu Bocheng and others were already senior military-level officials before they participated in the uprising. However, as soon as Peng Dehuai participated in the revolution, his first military post was the commander of the Red 5th Army, which was the peak of his debut!
Peng Dehuai was one of the founders of the Red Army. The Red 5th Army he founded after the Pingjiang Uprising was one of the earliest Red Army troops in history, slightly later than the Red 4th Army founded by Zhu De and Mao Zedong. As the two earliest Red Army troops in history, the Red 4th Army and the Red 5th Army met in Jinggangshan. Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Lin Biao, Chen Yi, Luo Ronghuan, and Su Yu, who later grew up as core generals of the Red Army, also gathered in Jinggangshan .
As General Peng, who is at the level of the war god of our army, had already established his position in the army second only to Zhu De during the Red Army period. He held many important positions, including the position of decision-making level of Vice Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the First Red Army (i.e., Central Red Army ). At the same time, he also served as the highest military chief of several armies:
Red 5th Army, Red 3 Legion and Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment .
When Peng Dehuai was the supreme military leader of these troops, he worked with several political cadres one after another, first called the party representative and then changed to the political commissar. Let’s take a look at which political workers Peng Dehuai worked with during the Red Army period. After learning about this history, I couldn't help but say, this team is too strong!
Those who served as political commissar for General Peng include not only heavyweights such as Teng Daiyuan, Li Fuchun and Yang Shangkun, but also the first person in Chinese history: Mao Zedong!
Peng Dehuai's first partner was Teng Daiyuan. If he was awarded the title in 1955, he would also be a general-level figure.
Peng Dehuai established the Red 5th Army after the Pingjiang Uprising. Several major leaders later grew into the backbone of the Red Army:
Peng Dehuai was the commander of the Red 5th Army, and later became the "second-in-command" of the Red 5th Army after Zhu De; Teng Daiyuan was the party representative of the Red 5th Army, and later continued to partner with Peng Dehuai, serving as the political commissar of the Red 5th Army and the political commissar of the Red 3rd Army; Huang Gongluo led the remaining troops to fight after Peng Dehuai led his troops to Jinggangshan, and was a famous general of the Red Army. Chairman Mao Zedong wrote poems and essays "The partial army borrowed from Huang Gongluo"; Deng Ping was the chief of staff of the Red 3rd Army. The portraits of Marx and Engels at the party ceremony of Peng Dehuai were painted by Deng Ping, but unfortunately Deng Ping died at the city of Zunyi, Zunyi.
When the Pingjiang Uprising broke out, Teng Daiyuan was a special commissioner of the provincial party committee and did not work in the Hunan Army like Peng Dehuai. After the establishment of the Red 5th Army, Teng Daiyuan was not only a representative of the military party, but also a secretary of the Military Commission.
After withdrawing from Pingjiang city, the troops rested in Longmen for more than ten days and decided to establish a political department, with the party representative Teng Daiyuan as the director of the political department.
The main responsibility of the Political Department is to carry out political and ideological work within the military and fight against local tyrants from the outside. The confiscation of distributions must be approved by the Political Department. Notices, murder and proclaiming crimes, etc., are signed by political organ --"Peng Dehuai's Self-Report" page 107.
Later, after the re-establishment of the Red 5th Army, Teng Daiyuan officially served as the political commissar, and later continued to cooperate with Peng Dehuai to serve as the political commissar of the Red 3rd Army, which expanded from the Red 5th Army as the main body. Teng Daiyuan was the first political commissar of the Red 3rd Army. The Red 3rd Army, like the 1st Legion commanded by Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen, are the absolute main force of the Central Red Army.
In December 1933, Teng Daiyuan opposed Bogu , Li De and Xiang Ying to engage in a formal positional battle with the powerful enemy. His position as political commissar of the Red 3rd Army was revoked and he was appointed as political commissar of the Red Army Hospital. After that, he went to the Soviet Union for a meeting. The one who replaced Teng Daiyuan was Yang Shangkun, who had studied in the Soviet Union.
Teng Daiyuan later served as Chief of Staff of the Military Commission. After the founding of New China, this veteran soldier who had been on the battlefield for life served as the first Minister of the Ministry of Railways after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and later became the national vice chairman of the CPPCC. The old man died in 1974 at the age of 70.
: Teng Daiyuan's qualifications and military merits would be awarded in 1955, and it is likely that he would be the rank of general.
The second political commissar of the 3rd Army, Yang Shangkun, was also a general-level figure and later became the President of the country.
After Yang Shangkun returned from the Soviet Union, he worked in the central government in Shanghai for a period of time. He left Shanghai at the end of January 1933 and arrived in Ruijin, Jiangxi. At that time, there had been developed into the Central Soviet Area.
Just after New Year's Day that year, with the assistance of two secret traffickers, Yang Shangkun disguised himself as a Chaoshan civilian dress. Because he couldn't speak Cantonese , he had to pretend to be mute all the way. They first sat in the crowded and stuffy Tongzi ship from Shanghai, got off the boat at Shantou , then took a small train to Chaozhou , and then took a small steamer to Sanheba (a few years ago, Zhu De led the Nanchang Uprising troops to engage in a magnificent blocking battle), and then secretly jumped from the ship into a small wooden boat with bulging. After landing ashore, they hid in a village for a night and were escorted by local guerrillas in the mountains and forests for two days, and finally arrived at the edge of the Soviet area. At this point, Yang Shangkun's mute career was over...
Just arrived in the Central Soviet Area, Yang Shangkun was an assistant to Zhang Wentian, the Minister of Propaganda of the Central Committee. After the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" victory, he was appointed as deputy director of the General Political Department of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and director of the Political Department of the First Front Army of the Red Army.
After the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" began, Li De, Bo Gu and Xiang Ying advocated a head-on battle with the enemy. At the same time, in the process of the internal struggle between the Fujian government and Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek, adopted the countermeasure of "no matter, no matter how to hold on high" and was very jealous of Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan who made their opinions. They had no choice but to take Peng Dehuai for the time being, so they removed Teng Daiyuan from his post and let Yang Shangkun take over.
Yang Shangkun went to the Red 3rd Army to report. He saw Peng Dehuai wearing an old military uniform, faded, patches were stacked with patches, but his leggings were wrapped neatly. When Peng Dehuai saw Yang Shangkun, he came up to shake hands: " welcome you... I am older than you, but I am not very educated, and I am late to participate in the revolution. I will help each other in the future and discuss things more. "
It's like this, one is a Red Army general who came from the army and the other is a foreign scholar who studied in the Soviet Union. The two officially formed a combat combination. From then on, Yang Shangkun became Peng Dehuai's second political commissar.
As the second political commissar of the Red 3 Corps, Yang Shangkun accompanied Peng Dehuai through the unforgettable days of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" and the Long March . He also participated in the Zunyi Conference that changed the trajectory of China's revolution...
Yang Shangkun later held many positions, including Secretary of the Northern Bureau, Secretary-General of the Military Commission, Deputy Secretary of the Back Committee, Director of the General Office of the Central Committee, Executive Vice Chairman of the Military Commission and First Vice Chairman, etc. In April 1988, Yang Shangkun was elected President of the State.
In 1955, he did not participate in the rank of the general, otherwise he would have been the rank of general. Among the 36 military strategists of "Official Yinke", Yang Shangkun and Li Xiannian appeared behind the Marshal and before the General, his military rank had been answered.
Among the people who have served as political commissar for President Peng, Chairman Mao actually includes Chairman Mao!
What is little known is that in addition to the two famous partners Teng Daiyuan and Yang Shangkun, Li Fuchun is also the political commissar of General Peng.
However, their partner time is very short.
Li Fuchun is a veteran revolutionary. He met Mao Zedong as early as the Zhongshan Ship incident in . He is a good player in the party's financial work. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo and Vice Premier of the State Council. Although the partnership between Peng and Li lasted for a short time, Li Fuchun solved a big problem for Peng Dehuai: he matched Peng Dehuai and his talented woman Pu Anxiu, and was the matchmaker of the two.
It’s a pity that Mr. Peng and Pu Anxiu’s marriage has not come to an end, which is a very regrettable thing for Li Fuchun.
When the Long March was approaching the end of the year, after passing Lazikou, the troops arrived at Hadapu . This is a day that makes all the Red Army soldiers happy. Hadapu's conditions are good. The hungry soldiers who have finally had enough food to eat during the Long March. Ye Jizhuang, who is in charge of logistics, has set up an flowing seat for everyone, and he tirelessly reminds everyone not to be over.
It was in Hadapu that the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment was established, Peng Dehuai was appointed as the commander, Mao Zedong was appointed as the political commissar, and Lin Biao was appointed as the deputy commander.
The so-called Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment is actually the original Red Front Army (Central Red Army). Lin Biao's Red 1st Army was reorganized into the 1st Column of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment, Peng Dehuai's Red 3rd Army was reorganized into the 2nd Column, and the former Military Commission Column was reorganized into the 3rd Column, with a total of 7,000 people in the entire army.
Soon, the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment destroyed Northeast Army on Liupanshan and seized more than 100 war horses. It was from that time that the Red Army began to have its own cavalry, and everyone was very happy: it was almost time to reach Soviet area led by Liu Zhidan. The Long March was finally coming to an end, and there was no need to starve, and there was still its own cavalry!
On October 19, 1935, the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment arrived in Wuqi Town, Shaanxi Province, which was already the boundary of the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area. The Central Red Army's victory over a year ended successfully!
But as soon as we arrived in the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area, the enemy's cavalry also followed. Chairman Mao Zedong decided to give a head-on blow to the chase of the enemy here and prevent them from entering the Soviet area.
Wuqi Town is full of gullies unique to Loess Plateau . Such a terrain is conducive to our army's ambush, but not to the enemy's cavalry marching. After the battle began, Commander Peng Dehuai commanded the battle in front, while Political Commissar Mao Zedong led everyone to watch the battle on the mountain. He only heard a sparse sound of gunfire and soon disappeared.
After a while, the messenger came to report, saying that the progress was going well and that an enemy cavalry battalion had been eliminated!
It turned out that when the enemy was unable to ride a horse, Peng Dehuai crushed the enemy with a charge with a pre-ambush. The enemy was fighting in a deep ditch but could not fight, and he could not escape, and he was soon defeated. In this battle, Peng Dehuai wiped out 2,000 enemies, captured more than 700 prisoners, and seized more than 1,000 good horses - the Red Army has not won such a great victory for a long time!
Mao Zedong was very excited and wrote the famous six-character poem :
The mountains are high and the road is far and the pit is deep, and the army is running scattered.
Who dares to stand up right away? Only General Peng!
After Peng Dehuai and Mao Zedong led the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment to northern Shaanxi, they were warmly welcomed by Xu Haidong and Cheng Zihua who arrived here in advance. They also released Liu Zhidan, Xi Zhongxun, Gao Gang and others who were mistakenly arrested, and soon formed a new revolutionary situation.
