On November 29, the Shenzhou 15 manned spacecraft was successfully launched. Behind the dream of flying, seven "divine tools" played an important role, which are closely related to the normal operation of the spacecraft in orbit and the life safety of astronauts. Today, let’s learn about it together.
Long March 2 F Yao 15 launch vehicle ignition launch
display control, voice, and manual control instruments: the helmsman of the "Far Cross Universe"
comprehensive display unit and time unit, sound unit, manual control left/right panel unit, coded command equipment and other equipment are used as spacecraft terminal display instruments, terminal voice instruments, manual control terminal instruments and terminal control instruments, providing astronauts with parameter display, voice broadcast, and motion control command sending during the operation of the spacecraft. When the astronaut was bound with the space suit during the spacecraft flight, the manual control right bulkhead unit and the switch command board provide it with the necessary control interface and has sound and light feedback functions.
In response to the Shenzhou Spaceship mission requirements, the development team has applied a processor platform with high reliability and high security in the above instrument products and developed a number of key technologies. Among them, the most critical processor, the irradiation reinforcement technology can ensure the normal operation of the high-speed hardware system under complex cosmic rays and high-speed particles. This technology has very valuable technical application prospects in some special industrial fields with irradiated environments.
dashboard shock absorber: Ensure the stability of the instrument
dashboard As the load-bearing component of the spacecraft instrument equipment, its overall frame-like configuration is like a "home", not only provides independent "private space" for the "brothers and sisters" such as instrument display equipment and main manual control equipment, but also provides them with an accurate and reliable installation interface. This "home" realizes reliable connection with the spacecraft bulkhead through four metal rubber shock absorbers. The four metal rubber shock absorbers are like four "loyal soft armor guards", and have both the inherent characteristics of metal and the elasticity of rubber in structure. When large vibrations, shocks and other conditions are encountered during the launch, flight and return of the spacecraft, the necessary mechanical working environment can be provided for the instruments and equipment on the spacecraft, such as ensuring the survival of the equipment during the launch and return process, and improving the mechanical working environment of the equipment on the instrument panel during the flight.
Control rod: the best tool to get rid of gravity hinted
During the launch and return of the spacecraft, the astronaut's body was firmly bound to the seat, and the body could not lean forward to complete the operation of various equipment on the dashboard. In order to solve this problem, the control rod came into being.
control rod handle is designed according to the normal grasping status of the astronaut's palm. The external contour curved surface perfectly fits the astronaut's palm, greatly meeting the comfort requirements during the astronaut's operation. The control rod body is designed to be telescopic, and astronauts can arbitrarily adjust the length of the control rod within a certain range according to on-site conditions.
Shenzhou 15 Astronaut crew in the spacecraft
Inside/outer lighting equipment: Light up Shenzhou Travel
Since the Shenzhou 15 manned spacecraft periodically passes through the shadow area of the earth during orbit and experiences long darkness, the lighting problem when "holding hands with the space station " is very important.
In order to adapt to the complex environment of outer space, the lighting equipment (close-range floodlight lighting) and the intersection and docking lighting equipment (long-range translucent lighting) use advanced solid-state lighting sources. The advantages of this light source are impact resistance, vibration resistance, low power consumption and high stability. However, due to the performance of luminescent materials, solid-state lighting is more sensitive to high-temperature environments and low-temperature environments. To this end, the development team has carried out long-term technical research. In terms of the problem of spatial environment adaptability, in order to reduce the impact of space special environments such as ultraviolet radiation, total dose radiation, and atomic oxygen on product life and reliability, the development team has successively broken through technical problems such as space secondary optical system design, in-orbit resistance special space environment design, and sensitive device resistance mechanical environment design.
In addition, solid-state lighting reinforcement technology also has obvious technical advantages in radiation resistance, so it can be applied in some special industrial lighting fields with irradiated environments. Its good resistance to mechanical vibration after reinforcement can also meet the special needs of complex industrial environments such as mines and ships, and has broad application prospects.
Shenzhou 15 manned spacecraft and space station combination complete independent rapid rendezvous and docking
cabin door rapid leak detector: "Guardian God" on the way out of the cabin
After the spacecraft and space station combination are smoothly docked, astronauts must enter the space station and have to go through multiple cabin passes during this period, all of which need to open and close the cabin door. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and quickly detect the sealing of the cabin door. The function of the hatch leak detector is to detect whether the hatch door of the Shenzhou spacecraft has reached a sealed state. It senses the changes in pressure and temperature through the internal core sensing system, judges whether the hatch door is closed in a short time, and sends the astronaut the command "The hatch door is closed and can be taken off the space suit."
The early Shenzhou spacecraft was pressurized in the entire cabin. By detecting the changes in the entire cabin pressure, the sealing of the cabin door is judged. Although this method is accurate and reliable, its disadvantage is that it takes a long time. The fast leak detector of the hatch door and the docking surface of the Shenzhou spacecraft has achieved rapid and accurate leak detection, filling the gap in this field in China. At present, the fast leak detector of the hatch door has become a "necessary" of the manned spacecraft , providing solid security for astronauts' activities in the cabin and escorting the manned spacecraft.
Shenzhou 14 Astronauts welcome the arrival of Shenzhou 15
Instrument lighting subsystem software product: Capture the "Space Miracle"
Instrument lighting subsystem's comprehensive display unit human-computer interaction equipment and sound unit supporting software, receive and display important event information of the spacecraft through the internal bus, inform astronauts of sequential flight events, emergency events, entry and exit events, etc., and provide multiple voice prompts or highlights for particularly important warning information to ensure that astronauts can quickly grasp the internal and external information of return capsule during orbit. The software products of the
instrument lighting subsystem, the manual control left panel unit, the manual control right panel unit, the coded command version, the manual control right bulkhead and other equipment supporting equipment provide astronauts with necessary operation and control of the spacecraft related display interfaces, which can refresh and display important parameters in high reliability and real-time, respond to the astronauts' on-orbit operation instructions in real time, and provide effective prompts for abnormal status. The software products of the
instrument lighting subsystem have extremely strong real-time and high reliability to ensure that all kinds of faults can be discovered in a timely manner and properly handled. The fault status is neither missed nor badly reported, so as to meet various usage scenarios during astronauts' on-orbit missions, provide all-round guarantees for astronauts, and help astronauts perform on-orbit operations smoothly and complete on-orbit missions.
International rescue position indicator, microwave gravity horizontal switch: Guide the way home
After the Shenzhou spacecraft's in-orbit mission is over, the return capsule will "go home" with astronauts and downward cargo. How ground search and rescue personnel can quickly and accurately find the return capsule is related to the life safety of the astronauts. This uses international rescue indicators and microwave gravity level switches and other products.
International rescue positioning mark integrates positioning information acquisition, data processing, encoding and modulation transmission, with high positioning accuracy, and can achieve the reliability and effectiveness of rescue in emergency situations. After the return capsule lands, the international rescue indicator will transmit a radio "beacon" signal, just like a bright "beacon" in the sea guiding the direction. This beacon signal complies with international common standards and can be identified by global maritime satellite search and rescue systems located all over the world in the shore station, ensuring that search and rescue personnel can quickly find the return capsule.
microwave gravity horizontal switch has been successfully applied to various types of missions such as the Shenzhou series of spacecraft since Shenzhou 7 spacecraft . There are two communication antennas in the return capsule. Since the attitude of the capsule after landing is uncertain, in order to ensure communication quality, it is necessary to automatically connect one antenna with a higher level surface and disconnect the other one at the same time.Compared with the imported single-pole double-throw mercury switches used by the Shenzhou series of spacecraft in the early days, the microwave gravity horizontal switch adopts more advanced and reliable electronic control technology. By measuring the gravity component of the antenna sensitive axis, it characterizes the angle between the antenna sensitive axis and the horizontal plane, and automatically switches the direction of the communication antenna. The technical indicators, safety and reliability are better than imported mercury switches.
Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft return capsule successfully landed at the Dongfeng landing site
