On September 27, 1955, the ceremony of the Marshal of the Republic was grandly held in Huairen Hall, Zhongnanhai. At the rank award ceremony of the Marshal, Chairman Mao gave the marshal the order to Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, He Long, Chen Yi , Luo Ronghuan, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen and other seven founding fathers in Beijing. Lin Biao and Liu Bocheng were recuperated in Qingdao due to illness, and Ye Jianying was appointed as the chief director of the Liaodong Peninsula Anti-Logistics Exercise and were preparing in Dalian, so the three marshals were unable to come to Beijing to attend the rank award ceremony.
On the same day, the State Council also held a grand ceremony for the general award, and Zhou Enlai gave the ranks of generals, generals, lieutenant generals and major generals respectively to Su Yu and other generals in Beijing.
This time, a total of 10 marshals, 10 generals, 55 generals, 175 lieutenant generals, and 802 major generals.
After that as of 1965, founding fathers were successively awarded the title of general.
Compared with the 1955 award, the number of generals increased by 2 ( Wang Jian'an , Li Jukui), the number of lieutenant generals increased by 2 ( Nie Heting , He Cheng), and the number of major generals increased by 558 ( Ding Benchun , Ding Ganru, Yu Xiaohong , Ma Guan San , Wang Wen, etc.), and a total of 10 marshals, 10 generals, 57 generals, 177 lieutenant generals and 1,360 major generals. These are the founding generals with great military achievements in New China.
Now, sixty or seventy years have passed, and most of the founding generals who made great achievements in the past have passed away. As of 2022, only four founding major generals are still alive, while lieutenant generals and above have all passed away.
4 The youngest founding major general is 99 years old, and the oldest is now 109 years old.
Former political commissar of Jiangxi Military Region - Zhang Lixiong Major General (109 years old)
On November 21, 1913, Zhang Lixiong was born in a poor peasant family in Tongxian Township, Shanghang County, Fujian Province. The family barely made a living with a few acres of thin land. Because the landlords exploited them strongly, they often had no meals after eating, and their lives were very difficult.
Due to poverty, Zhang Lixiong used his weak body to support this small family with his parents when he was very young.
From a poor family, Zhang Lixiong empathizes with the living conditions faced by the poor. Because of this, he urgently hopes that someone can lead him and thousands of poor people to change his destiny of being exploited and oppressed.
19 years old, Zhang Lixiong waited, but it was not one person, but a group of people. These people all have a common name - Red Army .
In 1932, the Red Army came to Shanghang to recruit soldiers. Zhang Lixiong heard very early that the Red Army was a people's and a righteous army fighting for the poor Chinese people. Therefore, when he heard that the Red Army was recruiting soldiers, he was the first to register for the Red Army without hesitation.
Zhang Lixiong was not only firm in revolution, but also very clever and smart. So the party organization not only agreed to him to join the Red Army, but also allowed him to study in the Red Army School in Ruijin, Jiangxi, intending to train him into an outstanding military cadre of our army.
Zhang Lixiong was very happy about being able to enter the Red Army School and was proud of his chance to enter the Red Army School. He secretly vowed in his heart that he must study and train hard so that he can live up to the trust of the party organization. After entering the school, Zhang Lixiong was incorporated into the second class of the first team of the political camp.
When he was in school, Zhang Lixiong read and studied eagerly, listening carefully to the teacher's teachings and explanations, while he did not forget to enrich himself during rest time, and often learned until he had forgotten to eat. Zhang Lixiong's hard study resulted in the top academic performance.
In October 1932, Zhang Lixiong graduated from the Red Army School with excellent results and was assigned to the 1st Battalion of the 100th Regiment of the 34th Division of the Red Army, and served as the company instructor. When the
to 100th regiment headquarters reported to the regiment, the regiment leader handed over an revolver to Zhang Lixiong and said solemnly:
"You are an outstanding student of the Red Army School, and we welcome you to work in our department.This revolver was taken from the enemy by our comrades at the risk of their lives. It is hard-won. I hope you cherish it and use it to hit the enemy more and seize the enemy's guns to avenge those comrades who sacrificed gloriously in the battle and make contributions to the final victory of the revolution! "
The moment he took the gun, Zhang Lixiong was extremely excited and felt a great responsibility. He expressed his determination to the regiment leaders with a loud voice to kill the enemy and make contributions. After that, Zhang Lixiong fought bravely in every battle, leading by example, and made many military achievements.
In January 1934, Zhang Lixiong, who was fighting on the front line of northwestern Fujian, suddenly received a notice from the Legion Political Department, informing him to represent Red 34th Division to go to the party. The central government station Ruijin participated in the national political work conference held by the General Political Department of the Central Military Commission. After receiving the notice, Zhang Lixiong was very happy. Why was he happy? Because he finally met Chairman Mao whom he had admired for a long time. During the break, Zhang Lixiong deliberately ran to Chairman Mao and saluted him solemnly to express his respect.
After seeing him, Chairman Mao asked cordially: "What's your name? Which unit belongs? "
" Zhang Lixiong. The 34th Division of the Red Fifth Army! "Zhang Lixiong replied excitedly in a loud voice.
Chairman Mao asked him kindly again where he was from, and Zhang Lixiong hurriedly replied: "Family from Caixi Township, Shanghang County, Fujian. "
After hearing this, Chairman Mao smiled and said with a strong Hunan accent: "Oh! I know, I know. Caixi is a model township! You have to strive to be a model! "...Zhang Lixiong never forgot the encouragement of Chairman Mao.
It was in this year that Zhang Lixiong, who had made many military achievements, was promoted to the political commissar of the 100th Regiment of the Red 34th Division of the Red 5th Army.
After the start of the Long March, Zhang Lixiong served as the political commissar of the Red 5th Army Training Brigade.
Under the wise command of the Party Central Committee and the brave and fearless battle of the soldiers, Zhang Lixiong led the teaching Brigade first Later, they broke through the four blockade lines of the Kuomintang army and crossed the Wujiang River, Jinsha River, Dadu River and other natural dangers.
Along the way, Zhang Lixiong and the soldiers of the teaching brigade defeated countless difficulties and obstacles. No matter whether there were mountains and ridges ahead or the surging rivers, they were fearless and bravely moved forward.
When crossing the grasslands, the Red Army was short of There is little food, because the teaching brigade is the rear guard, as the last batch of Red Army soldiers who crossed the grassland, when the teaching brigade crossed the grassland, all the wild vegetables could be eaten by the vanguard troops within 1,000 meters of the surrounding area.
In order to solve the problem of eating, Zhang Lixiong mobilized the entire regiment to take out the gun belt and earth-made cowhide head trousers, because these contained cowhide ingredients, which could barely fill their stomachs.
After the three main forces of the Red Army met, Zhang Lixiong entered Gansu with West Route Army , served as the political commissar of the Red 45th Regiment, and participated in the bloody battle of Gaotai.
At dawn on January 1, 1937, Dong Zhentang, the commander of the Red 5th Army, led more than 3,000 people to attack the 39th Regiment, the 45th Regiment of the 13th Division, the Cavalry Division of the General Command, and the Special Regiment of the General Command. Taking over Gaotai, more than 1,400 people including the defending security team, militia , surrendered and some of them were adapted. After Gaotai was conquered, the Party Central Committee ordered the Western Route Army to "stand on the spot and carry out the creation of bases". After receiving the order, the Western Route Army rested and recuperated in Gaotai, while forming the Chinese Soviet Gaotai County Government and the Fifth Route Army Command of the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army in Gansu Province, thereby strengthening the revolutionary force of our army in Gansu area.
Just as our army's revolutionary force in Gaotai was gradually growing, the commander of the Kuomintang army's "bandit suppression" second defense zone in the northwest of the Kuomintang army, Ma Bufang, 5 cavalry brigades, 2 infantry brigades and artillery regiments, and , and militia gangs, and 50,000 people arrived near Gaotai and launched an attack on Gaotai Red 5th Army shortly afterwards.
Facing an enemy that is several times more than oneself, the soldiers of the Red 5th Army fought bravely. First, they relied on the fortifications outside the city for several days, but later, due to the huge power gap, they retreated to the city to preserve their vitality.
In these few days, our army repelled more than 30 crazy attacks from the enemy. No matter how the enemy's cannons bombed, our soldiers were always fearless and stood firm in their positions, causing the enemy to complain.
During the battle, Zhang Lixiong led the way and went to the front line to command the battle. When the battle was at its most intense, his left leg was unfortunately injured by the enemy's shells and had to withdraw from the front line.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhang Lixiong served as the captain of the 2nd Team of the 1st Team of the Anti-Japanese University, director of the Political Department, political commissar of the Taiyue Independent Brigade of the General College of the Anti-Japanese University, and director of the Political Department of the 7th Military Sub-district of the Taihang Military Region. He participated in Linnan, Shuilin, Funiushan and other battles and the battle to open up anti-Japanese bases in northern Henan.
During the Liberation War, Zhang Lixiong served as the political commissar of the 3rd Brigade of the 1st Column of the Central Plains Military Region, the political commissar of the 3rd Division of the Western Hubei Military Region, the political commissar of the field brigade, and the director of the political department of the Special Forces Column of the 2nd Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, and participated in the battles such as Central Plains Breakthrough , Huaihai Campaign and Liberation Southwest.
After the founding of New China, Zhang Lixiong served as the first deputy commander of the Kunming Military Region Public Security Army, deputy commander of the Yunnan Military Region, deputy chief of staff of the Kunming Military Region Command, Political Commissar of the Yunnan Military Region , Political Commissar of the Jiangxi Military Region, and Consultant of the Fuzhou Military Region.
In 1961, Zhang Lixiong was promoted to the rank of major general and was awarded the second-level August 1 Medal, Second-level Independence and Freedom Medal, and the first-level Red Star Merit and Honorary Title.
Now, General Zhang Lixiong still has a sharp look even though he is a hundred years old. From his eyes, you can vaguely see the heroic figure of a founding major general, brave and fearless on the battlefield.
Academic Medical Sciences Former Director - Major General Tu Tongjin (108 years old)
In the history of the Red Army, three Red Army doctors have emerged. In addition to , Shihezi University, , founder of , Pan Shizheng, and Qian Xinzhong, Minister of Health of New China, there is another major general Tu Tongjin, the founder of my country's neurosurgery, who we are going to talk about today.
1914, Tu Tongjin was born in a family that fell into the family in Tufang Township, Changting, Fujian Province.
Tu Tongjin's grandfather Tu Zhibin was a tribute student in the late Qing Dynasty (in the Qing Dynasty, those with excellent grades or qualifications among scholars would be selected into Imperial College . The scholars who entered the Imperial College were called " tribute student "). In theory, tribute students could be directly awarded official positions, such as Pu Songling , which was awarded the official position of Confucianism as the "tribute student".
However, living in the decadent late Qing Dynasty, not to mention tribute students, even Jinshi and Juren may not be able to be officials. Until the Qing Dynasty fell, Tu Zhibin failed to get a single official position. Fortunately, Tu Zhibin is a scholar and can also make a living by running a private school in the village.
After Tu Tongjin was born, his grandfather Tu Zhibin had high hopes for him. The word "Tongjin" means that he hopes that he will become a person who is well-versed in the past and the present in the future. History has proved that Tu Zhibin's expectations will come true in the end.
Tu Tong was young this year, although the Tu family was already in trouble, the income from private schools and farming could only barely make a living. Fortunately, Tu's father and mother were very hardworking, and with the support of the same tribe, Tu Tong finally studied for 5 years in private schools and 3 years in high school. In that era, it was a rare cultural person to be able to study for high school.
The young Tu Tongjin also knew that the opportunity to study was hard-won, and he worked very hard to study, and his grade scores were also among the best every year. When he was 14 years old, Tu's father Tu was arrested by the Northwest Fujian Expedition Army as a strong man. The Tu family and the Tu family were no longer able to support Tu Tongjin in their studies. Unfortunately, Tu Tongjin had to drop out of school and go home, and use his weak body to support this family of several people.
I experienced the warmth and coldness of the world early on, and saw the exploitation of landlords and powerful people. Tu Tongjin was extremely eager for the people to be the masters of the country.
In May 1929, Chairman Mao led the Red Army to Fujian for the second time.
When passing by Tufang Township, Changting County, Chairman Mao delivered a speech here, calling on everyone to defeat the local tyrants, divide the land, and use revolutionary arms to crush the counter-revolutionary arms. This speech left a very deep impression on Tu Tongjin.
The great man's generous speeches were full of charisma and cohesion, which made him know what revolution was and also aroused his desire to be a Red Army.
1932, with the support of his parents, 18-year-old Tu Tongjin resolutely joined the Red Army and fulfilled his wish to become a Red Army.
Because Tu Tongjin had studied and had a cultural background, and our army urgently needed medical staff at that time, so after Tu Tongjin joined the Red Army, he was not assigned to the front line troops, but to the rear general hospital of the Fujian Military Region to study and take care of him.
The arrangement of the party organization was a little unwilling at first. His wish was to go to the front line to kill the enemy and make meritorious service. Now he is assigned to the hospital for nursing care, which is somewhat disagreeable, but he is just a little unwilling. He firmly expressed his obedience to the arrangements of his superiors.
The day after admission, Tu Tongjin took the admission examination.
The question for the exam at that time was "Why do you need to learn nursing?" 》, Tu Tongjin has been thinking about this question for a long time, why should he learn to take care of him? Is it because of the arrangements of the party organization? Is it because of obeying orders? None of them. At this moment, Tu Tongjin had already understood his mission. He wrote in the test paper: "To rescue the heroic soldiers returning from the front, to cultivate the medical talents of the proletarian ."
From then on, Tu Tongjin regarded these 24 words as his motto of life, never forgot, and has been working hard and practicing them well.
In October 1932, after studying for 8 months of care, Tu Tongjin was admitted to the Red Army Health School with extremely excellent results.
Here, he received a more formal and systematic medical education. This is the starting point of Tu Tongjin's glorious medical work and the beginning of his party membership, where he was approved to join the Communist Party of China.
During his time at school, he studied diligently and hard. In order to better master the ligation techniques in surgical procedures explained in class, he used home sutures to practice knotting in his spare time. Finally, he was so proficient that he could hook the threads freely when closing his eyes, and could make more than 340 square knots per minute.
1933, after Tu Tongjin graduated, he was assigned to the 8th Regiment of the Red 3rd Division as a military doctor. After
, from the Long March to the founding of New China, Tu Tongjin saved countless lives in his more than 70 years of medical career, and used another method to "fight for a lifetime" to contribute to the cause of the Chinese people's liberation as a doctor.
In September 1934, the Red 9th Army set out from Zhongwu Village, Changting County, Fujian Province and began the world-famous 25,000-mile Long March. Tu Tongjin went on the expedition as a military doctor with the team.
On the dangerous Long March, Tu Tongjin not only has to face the encirclement and blocked enemies and the extremely dangerous natural environment, but also has to bear the heavy responsibility of treating the wounded.
When the battle broke out, Tu Tongjin always risked his life and took the doctors and nurses from the ambulance office to the front line to rescue the wounded. Under limited conditions, Tu Tongjin did his best to save the lives of many wounded people, preserved his strength for the revolution, and left a spark.
After the test of the Long March, Tu Tongjin was transferred to the Central Instructor Health Department as director and medical director after arriving in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.
1938, Tu Tongjin, who felt that what he had learned could not better treat his injured comrades, entered the Eighth Route Army Health School (i.e., Chinese Medical University ), the highest medical institution of our party at that time.
After returning from his studies, Tu Tongjin became the attending surgeon of the Bethune International Peace Hospital. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War , Tu Tongjin rushed to the Northeast Liberation Battlefield and served as Minister of Health of the Northeast Songjiang Military Region, Minister of Health of the East Front of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army, Minister of Health of the Northeast Field Army and Minister of Health of the Fourth Field Army.
Under the leadership of Tu Tongjin, the Ministry of Health played a huge role in the Siping Battle, Changchun Battle , or Liaoshen Battle . In the Liaoshen Battle alone, 64,867 wounded and sick people were treated, ensuring a 70% return rate.
A battle can accommodate so many wounded and sick people and can also be treated in time, which is extremely rare in the history of wars between ancient and modern times, both at home and abroad.
After the founding of New China, Tu Tongjin was ordered to establish the Hua University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and serve as the president and secretary of the Party Committee.
1951, in order to improve the medical level of New China, the Party Central Committee decided to send 30 medical students to study in the Soviet Union. Tu Tongjin was selected to study neurosurgery in the Soviet Union. After 4 years of hard study, Tu Tongjin successfully obtained an associate doctorate in neurosurgery.
1956, Tu Tongjin returned from the Soviet Union and served as vice president of of the Fourth Military Medical University in , in charge of teaching and scientific research.
In the same year, Tu Tongjin formed the Department of Neurosurgery at the Fourth Military Medical University.
In clinical practice, he carried out the removal of supratentoral human trajectory from the cerebral cerebral 2 acoustic neuroma and the trigeminal spinal cord tract severity of the brain to treat trigeminal neuralgia, which filled the gap in China and created a new situation in neurosurgery in my country.
20, when he left the Fourth Military Medical University, the first neurosurgery department of , the military hospital he created, had been carried forward, and cultivated batches of neurosurgery backbones for the entire army and made outstanding contributions to the medical cause of New China.
1964, Tu Tongjin was awarded the rank of major general and won three second-level medals: "August 1st", "Independence and Freedom" and "Liberation".
Now, Major General Tu Tongjin, who is a hundred years old, enjoys his old age at home, with his descendants around him, and his life is very comfortable.
Former Minister of Artillery of the General Staff - Major General Wen Ji (104 years old)
Wen Lao participated in the revolution at the age of 18 and joined the Communist Party of China at the age of 19. He participated in the War of Resistance Against Japan, the War of Liberation, and the War of Resistance Against U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. He made immortal contributions to the establishment of the New China and the cause of the Chinese people's liberation.
1959, as the commander of the 1st Artillery Division of the Volunteer Army, Mr. Wen led his troops to North Korea for combat.
In Yunshan Battle , Mr. Wen led the 1st Artillery Division to equipment with disadvantages, and unexpectedly injured the US tank troops, causing the enemy to flee in a panic and complain, and finally captured many prisoners.
After the battle, the captured US tank company commander could not believe that he was defeated by the 1st Artillery Division of the Volunteer Army with less than a hundred old artillery . He also said to Mr. Wen with emotion:
"Your soldiers are very brave, and the artillery fire is very fierce, which makes us unable to raise our heads. I think you must have more cannons than us, and you will also fight during the day and at night. We were restless."
After hearing this, Wen Lao laughed and said, "Our warriors are truly brave, but there are much less cannons than you."
In 1964, Wen Lao was promoted to major general and was awarded the second-level Medal of Independence and Freedom, the second-level Medal of Liberation, and the Independence Merit and Honorary Title .
Former deputy commander of the Urumqi Military Region - Major General Wang Fuzhi (99 years old)
Mr. Wang participated in the revolution at the age of 12.
When he participated in the Red Army, in order to pass the physical examination smoothly, he told a kind lie. With his height far exceeding his peers, he told the Red Army cadres who recruited soldiers that he was 17 years old. The Red Army cadres saw that he was as tall as 17 years old, so they allowed him to join the Red Army. Later, he was assigned to the 26th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and became a heroic little Red Army soldier.
1936, when Mr. Wang was 13 years old, he was approved to join the Communist Party of China for his excellent performance and firm revolutionary will.
During the Agrarian Revolution, Mr. Wang participated in combat campaigns such as Laoshan, Yulin Bridge, Zhiluo Town, Eastern Expedition , Western Expedition, and Mountain Castle.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Wang Laosheng served as the chief of the surveying and mapping section of the 687th Regiment of the 344th Brigade of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, the communications staff of the 22nd Regiment of the 8th Brigade of the 3rd Division of the New Fourth Army, the deputy company commander of the 6th Company of the 2nd Battalion, and the communications section chief of the division command. He moved to Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, and participated in the battles of Pingxingguan , Zhangdian, Tiandian, Caodian, Zhengtankou, Funing, Lianghuai and other battles.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Mr. Wang rushed to the battlefield of liberation in the Northeast and served as the commander of the battalion of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army, the commander of the combat section of the 5th Division of the 2nd Column of the Northeast Field Army, the deputy commander of the 14th Regiment of the 5th Division, and the commander of the 343rd Regiment of the 39th Army of the 4th Field Army. He participated in the Siping Defense Battle, the Three Downs of Jiangnan, Summer, Autumn, Winter Offensive, Liaoshen Campaign, Pingjin Campaign, Hengbao Campaign, Guangxi Campaign .
In 1950, Mr. Wang rushed to the Korean battlefield to resist the U.S. aid Korea and defend his country. He served as the commander of the 343rd Regiment of the 115th Division of the 39th Army of the Volunteer Army, and later served as the chief of staff, the 1st deputy division commander, and the commander of the division.
In the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, Mr. Wang participated in the first to fifth battles. In every battle, he personally went to the front line to command, made great achievements, and made immortal contributions to the victory of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea.
In 1964, Mr. Wang was promoted to the rank of major general.
Zhang Lixiong, Tu Tongjin, Wen Ji and Wang Fuzhi, the four remaining founding generals today. Each of them is a national treasure of the Party, the country and the people. I sincerely hope that they can all be safe and healthy.
