In 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, and the Chinese people finally ushered in the dawn of victory. However, after the end of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek was unsuccessful and attempted to provoke the civil war. In order to prevent the people of the whole country from falling into war again, Chairman Mao resolutely went to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek, which is known in history as " Chongqing Negotiation ".
. During the Chongqing negotiations, Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly made great efforts. For domestic peace, Chairman Mao also made timely concessions. In later negotiations, the Chairman also proposed to withdraw our troops from the liberated areas of the eight southern provinces. As we all know, the liberated areas are very important to our party and our army. So why is our party willing to withdraw its troops from the southern liberated areas during negotiations?
As soon as the War of Resistance ended, in order to realize the ambition of eliminating our party through civil war, and to put the blame on our party for provoking the civil war so that he could stand on the commanding heights of morality, Chiang Kai-shek sent three telegrams to Chairman Mao, "inviting" Chairman Mao to Chongqing for negotiations.
In response to this, Chairman Mao resolutely decided to go to Chongqing and go to the "Hongmen Banquet" set up by him, Chiang Kai-shek. So after full discussion and discussion, on August 28, 1945, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou and others, accompanied by the Kuomintang representative Zhang Zhizhong and the US ambassador to China, went to Chongqing.
During the Chongqing negotiations, Chairman Mao had many negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek on issues such as peaceful establishment of the country. In order to promote the success of the negotiations, our party also put forward the content of "recognizing Mr. Jiang's leadership position in the country" in the plan.
However, Chiang Kai-shek has always been a perfunctory attitude towards negotiations, and even the Kuomintang representatives have to embarrassingly admit that the Kuomintang did not discuss any discussions within the party in advance.
However, although Chiang Kai-shek always had an extremely perfunctory attitude towards the Chongqing negotiations, it did not prevent him from making many excessive demands, such as asking our party to reduce the army to 24 divisions.
In fact, Chairman Mao and others had long known that Chiang Kai-shek would make many unreasonable demands, and among these demands, the army would inevitably include. In order to make the negotiations go smoothly, our party expressed its reduction in the army after meeting with the Kuomintang representatives, and reduced it to 48 divisions.
However, Chairman Mao and others did not expect that Chiang Kai-shek's appetite was so big that he directly asked our party to reduce it to 24 divisions! Chairman Mao naturally would not agree easily, and significantly reduce the number of reorganizations of our party's troops.
But it was soon. On September 12, when Chiang Kai-shek met with Chairman Mao, he made some concessions. In the past, he asked our party's army to reduce to 24 divisions, but at this time he asked to reduce to 28 divisions.
Of course, this is not because Chiang Kai-shek discovered his conscience, but because he was facing great international pressure at this time, mainly from the pressure from the Soviet Union, because at that time the Soviet Union handed over the important military cities of Zhangjiakou and Shanhaiguan to our party. This action will naturally put pressure on Chiang Kai-shek.
Chairman Mao naturally knew the reason for the sudden change in Chiang Kai-shek's attitude. In order to complete the negotiations as soon as possible, the Chairman finally agreed to reorganize the troops and reduce them to 28 divisions.
. After our party made concessions in the military again, Chiang Kai-shek felt a little better. After , he still had a thorn in his heart, that is, the problem of the base established by our party in the south. He has not solved yet.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, in order to better fight against the Japanese invaders, our party also created some bases in some places in the south. From the War of Resistance Against Japan to the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, our party has always built these bases well.
It can be said that as long as our army does not retreat on its own initiative, Chiang Kai-shek basically has no choice but to deal with these liberated areas. At this moment, Chairman Mao made a huge concession, that is, to withdraw troops from the base areas of the eight southern provinces.
This concession made by our party made Chiang Kai-shek very excited. He believed that this would seriously damage the strength of our party. He even thought that Chairman Mao had made a big fool, but is this really the case?
can only be said that Chiang Kai-shek underestimated Chairman Mao too much. In fact, every move Chairman Mao made was carefully considered. Therefore, it was not a whim that he took the initiative to withdraw troops from the base areas of the eight southern provinces, but a corresponding adjustment based on changes in the situation at that time.
It must be known that the struggle between our party and the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek was not just on the negotiation field of "Chongqing Negotiation"; Outside the negotiation field, our party and the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek were also engaged in fierce struggles, and the struggles outside and on the court complement each other.
And this stage of "off-field struggle" is Northeast China. The reason why Northeast China has become the "stage" is also very simple, that is, it has a very important strategic position.
First of all, the Northeast is vast, close to the Soviet Union, Mongolia and Chaozhou, and bordering the North China Liberated Area. If the Kuomintang controls the Northeast, our party’s vast liberated areas will be attacked by the enemy. On the contrary, if our party takes over the Northeast, it can connect the North China Liberated Area with the entire Northeast and have a solid strategic support.
followed by Northeast China with abundant material resources and developed industry. Therefore, whoever controls here can get a lot of supplies. Even if Chiang Kai-shek provokes a civil war in the future, our party does not have to worry about logistics support.
In fact, before the War of Resistance Against Japan ended, Chairman Mao had already realized the importance of the Northeast. Therefore, in 1942, Chairman Mao proposed that after Japan was defeated, the New Fourth Army and the troops south of the Yellow River would be concentrated to North China, or the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army would be directly concentrated to the three northeastern provinces of .
By 1945, when was about to end, Chairman Mao once again emphasized strengthening the work of the Northeast. He said: " Northeast is very important. Judging from the development of our party and the future of the Chinese revolution, the Northeast is particularly important. As long as we have the Northeast, the Chinese revolution will have a foundation for consolidation."
So, after the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, our party immediately devoted itself to the control and construction of the Northeast. Mr. Zhu immediately ordered the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army to accept the surrender of the Japanese invaders. One of the orders was to ask our army to advance to the northeastern provinces, and specifically ordered generals such as Lu Zhengcao to march towards Carha, Rehe and other places respectively. The task of occupying the Northeast first was not stopped even when Chairman Mao went to Chongqing for negotiations, but was continued by Comrade Liu Shaoqi, who was acting in the central position in the era.
On the evening of September 15, 1945, after discussion, the central government proposed the strategic policy of "promoting northward and developing southward" . Soon, the Central Committee also established the Northeast Bureau based on the current situation in the Northeast at that time, and was members of Peng Zhen, Chen Yun, Cheng Zihua, Lin Feng and Wu Xiuquan.
At the same time, the central government also decided to draw League cadres from various base areas to go to the Northeast to develop armed forces. In addition, the decision was made to draw at least 100,000 total troops from each base area to go to the Northeast.
Then, Liu Shaoqi, who had not been asleep all night, issued instructions to local party organizations in the name of the central government. At the same time, he also reported to Chairman Mao who was far away in Chongqing.
Chairman Mao was always paying attention to the situation in the Northeast. He knew very well that the Kuomintang was also seizing the time to control the Northeast. However, because Chiang Kai-shek's military strength in the Northeast and the foundation of the Kuomintang party organization were very weak, it was unrealistic for Chiang Kai-shek to control the Northeast in one fell swoop.
Obviously, Chiang Kai-shek knew this, so he desperately asked for US assistance, hoping that the United States could quickly transport the famous party army to its destination using aircraft, ships and other means of transportation. For Chiang Kai-shek's move, our party could only take a shorter time to drive the troops to the Northeast before Chiang Kai-shek.
Therefore, after reading the telegram sent by Liu Shaoqi, Chairman Mao first found Premier Zhou. After discussion, the two agreed unanimously.Soon, Chairman Mao called Liu Shaoqi back, and the chairman wrote in the telegram:
"Everyone is available, and I am very pleased. Friends here agree with us. I hope to strive for the Northeast. The timing is important, so don't miss the opportunity."
After receiving the call back, Liu Shaoqi and other central leaders immediately held a meeting to discuss how to make arrangements next. After discussion, the meeting decided:
withdrew Su Yu's troops, the main force of the New Fourth Army in Jiangnan and Wang Zhen's troops in the Eighth Route Army, to Jiangbei; then transferred 60,000 troops from Shandong, of which 30,000 were transported to the northeast by sea, and another 30,000 were to Hebei by land.
Then, Comrade Li Fuchun was appointed as the secretary of the Central Bureau of Hebei Re Liao, Lin Biao was appointed as the commander, Xiao Jinguang and Li Yunchang were appointed as the deputy commanders, and Luo Ronghuan was transferred to the northeast.
In addition, let the New Fourth Army go to Shandong, Chen Yi and Rao Shushi went to Shandong to establish East China Bureau ; central China was set up by Deng Zihui , Tan Zhenlin and others to set up branches to guard.
As for the Northeast Bureau, another 50,000 troops will be sent. At the same time, the regiment cadres sent earlier will organize and develop 200,000 people within the Northeast.
So, at that time, our party had a "national movement" situation. Shandong, Su, Re, Hebei, Cha, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Suizhou and other provinces, and a large number of main forces of our party began to move northward to the northeast.
But in this way, the troops in central China, North China and other regions will be seriously insufficient. . Our party will naturally not ignore the Central China, North China and other regions, which requires timely replenishment of troops in these regions.
Where did the source of troops come from? At this time, Chairman Mao, who was far away in Chongqing, thought of such a goal, which is: the eight southern provinces. So soon, during the negotiations in Chongqing, Chairman Mao proposed to withdraw our party troops from the eight southern provinces and transfer these troops to the north of the Jiangsu and northern Henan. The reason why we chose to mobilize troops from the base areas of the eight southern provinces was not only that these places had sufficient military sources at this time, was also because it was also because the mobilization of troops from the eight southern provinces could gain the initiative for our party.
At that time, compared with other bases, the situation of the eight southern provinces was even more difficult. After all, at that time, the south was almost under Chiang Kai-shek's control. If he told the Kuomintang that he would take the initiative to mobilize troops, he could save the troops from Jiangnan. Chiang Kai-shek could not let go because he always wanted to weaken the strength of our party.
In addition, this move also gained the initiative for our party from a political perspective, which prompted the promotion of Chongqing negotiations, and also won the support and sympathy of public opinion for Communist Party .
Huerley
Later, even the tough anti-communist fighter, U.S. Ambassador Huerley was moved by the Communist Party's "concession" and took the initiative to put pressure on Chiang Kai-shek to make necessary concessions to reach an agreement.
After all, the Communist Party has "concessions" step by step. If the Kuomintang is in a difficult position, it will have to let outsiders think about whether the Kuomintang really wants peace.
Chairman Mao’s move should be really wonderful. has at least three clevernesses : First, the soldiers from North China and Central China were transferred to take the lead and seize the Northeast; second, the bases of North China and Central China were consolidated, and the soldiers from Jiangnan were rescued under the siege of Chiang Kai-shek; third, they won public opinion support for our party.
It can be said that this "concession" is on the surface, but in fact it is "advance". Chairman Mao then took retreat as advance to achieve the strategic goals of our party. This series of actions was really done in one go, which is amazing, and it makes people admire him that Chairman Mao is worthy of being a top strategist!
