Foreword
In 1951, after the 50th Army of the Volunteer Army fought a fifty-day and night blockade on the Han River, Army Commander Zeng Zesheng became seriously ill due to overwork, and the troops suffered heavy casualties.
With the approval of his superiors, Zeng Zesheng returned to China from the Korean front to take a short rest.
After returning to China, Zeng Zesheng was personally received by Chairman Mao.
As soon as they met, Mao Zedong said three words to Zeng Zesheng and spoke highly of the 50th Army.
So, why did this 50th Army, which is "experts in foreign wars and amateurs in civil wars ", receive praise from Chairman Mao?
What three words did the old man say to Zeng Zesheng?
Picture | 60th Army of the Yunnan Army
1. The predecessor of the 50th Army - the history of the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army
Before talking about this topic, it is necessary to introduce to you the predecessor of the 50th Army of the Volunteer Army, that is, the glorious history of the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army.
Dian Army , literally means the Yunnan local army during the Republic of China.
The Yunnan Army, the Gui Army, and the Shanxi-Sui Army are not affiliated with each party, but only take orders from a certain person, similar to the feudal vassal rule in the middle and late Tang Dynasty .
At the beginning of the 20th century, China was poor and weak, and suffered bullying from foreign powers. The Qing government was extremely corrupt and was unable to recover.
After signing the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" with Japan, which was humiliating and humiliating, the Qing government reorganized the entire Yunnan Province patrol battalion and reorganized it into the 19th Army Division, with a total of 35,000 people in the division.
In early 1912, The Revolution of 1911 broke out, ending more than 2,000 years of feudal rule in China.
In 1916, in order to oppose the imperial system, various places launched wars to protect the country and appease the country.
In order to protect themselves, Diansheng's military forces began a new round of integration.
The Qing government was defeated and the country was in chaos. The 19th Division of the Yunnan Army gradually evolved into a personal armed force. After the integration of
, the armed force became the independent Yunnan Army of Yunnan local faction.
After the establishment of the Yunnan Army, it immediately established the Yunnan Lecture Hall , attaching great importance to the cultivation of military talents.
The establishment of the Yunnan Military Academy has a status in the military history of our country and even the world, which is definitely no less important than that of Baoding Military Academy and Huangpu Military Academy.
Zhu De and Ye Jianying, the two founding marshals of New China, both studied at the Yunnan Military Academy.
To be fair, although the Yunnan Army is a personal armed force independent of the local area, it is rarely divided into factions, ensuring the stability of Yunnan.
During the war to protect the country and resist Yuan Dynasty, the Yunnan Army sent troops to Sichuan and Tibet several times, making contributions to social unification.
The leader of the Yunnan Army during this period was the famous Tang Jiyao, who was called the "King of the Southwest" by the outside world.
At that time, the Yunnan Army was equally powerful as the Northeastern Army, and had great potential to dominate the Central Plains.
Around 1926, Tang Jiyao neglected military affairs and promoted cronies aggressively, causing turmoil within the Yunnan Army.
In May 1927, Tang Jiyao died of illness in Kunming. Long Yun, Li Xuanting, Hu Ruoyu and others jointly governed Yunnan.
In July 1937, the all-out Anti-Japanese War broke out. Long Yun, who had become Chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government, was invited by Chiang Kai-shek to attend the Nanjing National Defense Conference.
At the meeting, Long Yun stated : "I will use all the local manpower and financial resources to sacrifice everything for the country and fight to the end. The Yunnan Army can serve the country at any time."
He also promised to Chiang Kai-shek : "Yunnan can send troops 200,000 to support the national war of resistance, and all the necessary supplies, weapons and equipment are brought with them, so the Nationalist Government does not have to worry about it.”
No need to worry about it. Only Long Yun had this awareness. The "King of Sichuan" Liu Xiang emphasized many times in the meeting: "Only the war of resistance can save the nation and win the hearts of the people and fight against foreign forces to bring peace to the country. Sichuan sent 300,000 troops to provide 5 million strong men to other armies across the country. "
In August 1937, Long Yun returned to Kunming, Yunnan, and within a month integrated the main regular forces of the entire province into one army, designated the 60th Army. The
60 Army has a total of more than 40,000 people and 12 infantry regiments. Lu Han serves as the commander.
After forming the 60th Army, Long Yun suddenly felt uneasy. He said to his staff: "The Japanese are really invading China, but the central government is unprepared. The situation is very dangerous. We in Yunnan must fully prepare ourselves. .
Don’t be afraid. There is the Eighth Route Army in the north, and many friends in the southern provinces are determined to resist Japan. "
Picture | The words of Long Yun of the 60th Army before the expedition
clearly pointed out that Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist Government still thought that "in order to fight against foreign aggression, we must first settle the internal affairs."
On the contrary, the Eighth Route Army took the initiative to attack in North China one after another, giving The Japanese invaders caused a lot of trouble.
From this point of view, the entire Yunnan Army saved the country. The ideas coincide with those of the Communists.
It was this idea of saving the country and the people that finally allowed the 60th Army to abandon darkness and fall into the arms of the people.
Second, the 60th Army fought in bloody battles. In Erzhuang, Chiang Kai-shek was under fire
On the Double Ninth Festival in 1937, Lu Han, commander of the 60th Army, read out an oath in public: "We will fight to the end to resist Japan and save the country. If we violate our oath, we are willing to be punished by military law." "
The people throughout Kunming spontaneously took to the streets to see off their soldiers. The 60th Army left Yunnan and immediately rushed to the front line.
After marching on foot for more than 40 days, the 60th Army arrived in Changde to stand by.
It was Songhu At the end of the battle, in view of the loss of combat effectiveness of the participating troops in East China, the Nationalist Government hoped that the
60 Army would go to Nanjing to perform guard duties. Before the
60 Army arrived in East China, Nanjing was declared to have fallen, so Lu Han led the
Army to Wuhan and arrived at Hankou. After , Chiang Kai-shek ordered Lu Han to lead the 60th Army to circle around the urban area of Hankou to show the local people and foreigners the spirit of China's elite troops and inspire people.
According to old news, the 60th Army circled around the bustling urban area of Hankou. At that time, people lined the streets to welcome
uncles and aunts. Fighting to put money into the soldiers' pockets, young students spent their own money to buy food for the soldiers.
This situation made Army Commander Lu Han burst into tears. He said to the staff around him: "This is what the people want." Xiang, we are fighting for the country and the nation. Even if Chiang Kai-shek wants to trick us, we won’t care about him anymore. "
The news spread back to Yunnan, and young compatriots of all ethnic groups enthusiastically signed up to join the army.
The common people spontaneously raised funds to make military uniforms and send Yunnan Baiyao to the frontline soldiers.
Just like the military song composed by the famous musician Xian Xinghai for the 60th Army: "We are from The Yunnan Uprising was a great place. They walked through the mountains and reached the anti-Japanese battlefield. The brothers fought for national liberation with their own flesh and blood. "
In 1938, the Japanese army chose to capture Xuzhou in order to open up the Jinpu Line. The participating troops were the elite Itagaki Division and Doihara Division of the Japanese army, with a total of 200,000 people. When
.2 million Japanese troops rushed all the way to Taierzhuang, Chiang Kai-shek urgently mobilized the 60th Army. Go to support. 3
This was the first time that the 60th Army faced the vicious Japanese invaders.
The Battle of Taierzhuang was an extremely important battle in the history of China’s Anti-Japanese War. The 60th Army and the two main divisions of the Japanese army fought for more than 20 days, with as many as 16,000 casualties among the entire army.
60 Army 183 Division 541 Brigade Pan Shuoduan Regiment Yin Guohua Camp fought with the Japanese army in Chen Wafang. Encountered a battle.
Picture | All officers and soldiers of the 60th Army
in the Battle of Taierzhuang, only one person survived, and more than 500 officers and soldiers of the
1082 regiment said goodbye to his wife six days after their wedding and went to the battlefield.
Battle of Lunan , Huang Renqin was shot several times, but his rescue efforts failed and he died at the age of 26. Huang Renqin and Yin Guohua in the
60 army were by no means an exception. There were many hot-blooded men who fought with the Japanese army until the last moment. The Japanese army is scared : “I saw the monkey army in Manchuria, and today I encountered stubborn resistance from the barbarian army. "
Even if the 60th Army fought a bloody battle with the Japanese army, the weapons configuration between the enemy and ours was too disparate.
The Japanese army not only had heavy artillery , but also invested a large number of tanks .
60th Army had very few heavy weapons, and its only mountain artillery unit did not participate in the war.
Plus Entering Taierzhuang in a hurry without building complete fortifications h. tml3
Later, in order to deal with Japanese tanks, the officers and soldiers of the 60th Army came up with the idea of tying grenades on bamboo poles and inserting them into the tank tracks.
During the hand-to-hand combat between the two armies, the soldiers of the 60th Army climbed onto the tank despite the hail of bullets and removed the cover. Open it and throw grenades inside.
There is even a scene where 60 officers and soldiers spontaneously organized a death squad, strapped with grenades and charged against Japanese tanks.
On April 24, 1938, the Japanese army launched a massive attack. Chang Zihua, commander of the 1084th Regiment of the 60th Army, and Yan Jiaxun, commander of the 1082nd Regiment, were seriously injured and sacrificed. After 21 days of bloody battle with the Japanese army,
was forced to change its route to Yuwang Mountain, and then the "Bloody Battle of Yuwang Mountain" broke out.
On May 16, 1938, Li Zongren issued an order to abandon Xuzhou to prevent hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops from being surrounded by the Japanese army. Only 5 of the 12 infantry regiments of the
60 Army still have combat effectiveness.
When all the armies in Xuzhou retreated, five regiments of the 60th Army were left to defend Xuzhou.
On May 20, 1938, all armies had already withdrawn from Xuzhou, and Lu Han deployed the 60th Army to break out. After more than ten days of bloody battle with the enemy,
finally arrived at Luohe Station of Pinghan-Hankou Railway on June 1.
After the battle, Chiang Kai-shek hypocritically called Lu Han, commander of the 60th Army, to present him with a commendation.
These words were a "blank promise" to the 60th Army. After nearly a month of bloody fighting, the Yunnan Army suffered 19,000 casualties. About 180 commanders at all levels below the brigade commander were killed, and the entire army was almost disabled.
After reorganization, the 60th Army participated in the Wuhan peripheral defense battle.
In May 1941, the Japanese army raided Zhongtiao Mountain in . The 60th Army was ordered to repulse the Japanese invaders several times.
In 1945, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Long Yun, Chairman of Yunnan Province, made a calculation: Eight years after the Yunnan Army was launched, 220,000 Yunnan athletes died and six generals sacrificed their lives for the country.
At the end of 1945, the 60th Army and other Yunnan units were transferred to Vietnam by Chiang Kai-shek to surrender.
Unexpectedly, not long after the main force of the 60th Army left, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized heavy troops to surround Wuhua Mountain in Kunming, where the Yunnan Provincial Government is located, and used force to force Long Yun to step down. Lu Han became the new Chairman of the Provincial Party Committee of Yunnan Province.
Third, the 60th Army was changed to the 50th Army. Chairman Mao repeatedly praised "the fight was good"
Soon after, the surrendered troops in Vietnam were reorganized on the spot. The 60th Army had jurisdiction over the 182nd Division, the 184th Division and the temporary 21st Division. Zeng Zesheng was appointed as the 60th Army. Army commander.
In April 1946, Chiang Kai-shek unilaterally provoked a civil war, and the 60th Army was forced to be transferred from Vietnam to Northeast China.
Picture | The 60th Army who was resting
Old Chiang Kai-shek was very wise. He believed that the 60th Army was not his direct lineage and its combat capabilities were acceptable. It was better to let them become "cannon fodder" to fight head-on with the army led by the Communist Party. He will reap the benefits of being a fisherman. After the 182nd Division, the leading force of the
60 Army, arrived in the Northeast, it came under the command of Sun Liren, , commander of the New First Army, and was responsible for guarding the railway.
184 Division was under the command of Liao Yaoxiang, , commander of the New Sixth Army. The 21st Division was temporarily established to take over the 52nd Army. Zeng Zesheng led the military headquarters and directly affiliated troops and was ordered to be stationed in Fushun.
In this way, the 60th Army, which frightened the Japanese invaders, was divided by Chiang Kai-shek for no reason.
Long Yun, Lu Han, and Zeng Zesheng knew very well Chiang Kai-shek's true face. The 60th Army did not want to kill each other at all. After
came to the Northeast, the 60th Army violated Chiang Kai-shek's orders both in person and in secret. Zeng Zesheng and Lu Han even obeyed the instructions and refused to listen to the announcement.
Whenever encountering the People's Liberation Army, the 60th Army and its affiliated troops only put up a symbolic resistance, but were disrupted by the People's Liberation Army and suffered a complete defeat.
The National Army also gave the 60th Army the derogatory nickname "60s Bear" within the army.
In May 1946, in order to regain Anshan and Haicheng and cut off the Kuomintang army's water and land transport lines in the Northeast, the fourth column of the Northeast Democratic Alliance launched the Anhai Campaign.
Our party learned that the troops stationed in Haicheng, Anshan, were the 184th Division of the 60th Army. They had long hated Chiang Kai-shek's practice of excluding dissidents and discriminating against non-direct troops.
So, Northeast Democratic Coalition quietly sent a letter of persuasion to surrender to Pan Shuoduan, commander of the 184th Division.
Pan Shuo saw that there was no hope of guarding the city. He had also heard about the preferential treatment of prisoners by the army led by the Communist Party.
Without doing anything, Pan Shuoduan led the 184th Division and the 552nd Regiment, a total of more than 2,700 people, to collectively surrender to the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army.
This news caused great shock to the Kuomintang army and caused fluctuations within the 60th Army.
In order to stabilize the morale of the army, Chiang Kai-shek quickly ordered Du Yuming to appease him, gathered all the departments of the 60th Army, and put Zeng Zesheng under unified command.
In the following two years, the various departments under the 60th Army completely lost trust with Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang army.
In 1948, our Northeast Field Army swept across the three northeastern provinces, and the battlefield situation took a turn for the worse.
Zeng Zesheng faced the powerful offensive of the People's Liberation Army. In order to preserve the Yunnan Army and for the sake of national justice, Zeng Zesheng was determined to lead an uprising of the entire 60th Army and join the People's Liberation Army.
At first, a small number of comrades in the People's Liberation Army had opinions about the 60th Army, thinking that this unit was a "no-name army."
The head of the Northeast Field Army severely criticized the comrades who had these ideas.
Although the 60th Army was dubbed the "miscellaneous army", it was not that the army itself was not weak in combat effectiveness, but that it was discriminated against by Chiang Kai-shek.
What’s more, the 60th Army has revolted and returned to the people’s camp. We are all good brothers and comrades-in-arms, and we must not continue to discriminate against each other.
Due to the uprising of the 60th Army line, the People's Liberation Army was guided into the Dongcheng garrison area, causing other Kuomintang garrison troops to fall into chaos and surrender one after another, eventually liberating Changchun peacefully.
Picture | The 60th Army surrendered
In January 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army headquarters awarded the 60th Army a new designation "50th Army" and appointed General Zeng Zesheng as the commander of the 50th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
In order to truly transform this army into a people's army, the former General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army launched an educational campaign for the 50th Army with the purpose of eliminating old warlords.
Army Commander Zeng Zesheng calmly studied many Marxist-Leninist works, and carried out self-ideological transformation with the troops.
This transformation was very successful. The whole army was deeply aware of the need to do more good things for the people, and no one would discriminate against them.
In June 1950, the Korean War broke out. The 50th Army, which had been reborn, immediately petitioned the Central Military Commission for war. They were willing to be the first batch to enter North Korea and defend the northeastern border of the motherland.
However, Peng Dehuai, the then commander-in-chief of the Volunteer Army , was still somewhat unsure about the 50th Army.
It’s not because Commander-in-Chief Peng has any personal views on the 50th Army.
Before entering North Korea and participating in the war, the 50th Army was engaged in bandit suppression missions in Hubei and was busy helping local people build water conservancy projects and restore production. The condition of the soldiers was definitely not as good as that of the frontline troops participating in the war.
In addition, the 50th Army followed Liu and Deng in liberating the southwest, and most of the weapons and equipment seized were left to the second field.
At that time, the 50th Army only had 16 mountain guns and more than 50 mortars . Cadres at all levels were scarce and the combat effectiveness of soldiers was uneven.
Considering that the 50th Army was an "uprising force", the entire army held their breath to prove themselves.
As a result, Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Peng agreed to allow the 50th Army to enter North Korea as the first batch to participate in the war.
In the first battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the 50th Army was mainly responsible for cutting off the retreat of the " United Nations Army ".
However, the 50th Army took the initiative to attack three times in a row, but all failed, seriously delaying the fighter opportunity.
At the military conference, Peng Dehuai scolded Liang Xingchu, commander of the 38th Army, who had a bad start in the battle, as a "rat general" and asked him to go to a military court .
Zeng Zesheng also participated in the meeting. He believed that no matter how bad the performance of the 38th Army was, it would still be better than his 50th Army.
Commander-in-Chief Peng only scolded Liang Xingchu, but not himself. Instead, he protected the 50th Army.
Thinking of this, Zeng Zesheng immediately expressed his position to Peng Dehuai - must lead the 50th Army to a great victory.
Picture | Peng Dehuai
In early 1951, during the third battle to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, the 149th Division of the 50th Army completely annihilated the Royal Heavy Tank Battalion of the British Air Force.
On January 25, 1951, the "United Nations Army" mobilized 230,000 troops and launched a full-line attack on the Chinese and North Korean troops. The 250th Army is responsible for blocking the enemy on the south bank of the Han River.
On the evening of February 7, 1951, the 50th Army moved its main force to the north bank of the Han River for defense, leaving the 149th Division and 445th Regiment on the south bank to hold on.
For more than 50 days and nights since then, the "United Nations Army" continued to bombard the 50th Army's defense line indiscriminately, and continuously dispatched land forces to conduct exploratory attacks, all of which were repelled by the 50th Army.
As of March 15, 1951, the 50th Army had killed more than 11,000 enemy soldiers, captured 61 US troops, seized 17 vehicles, and shot down and damaged 16 enemy aircraft on both sides of the Han River.
Under various adverse conditions, the 50th Army finally defeated the "United Nations Army" which was armed to the teeth with inferior equipment.
When the news reached the Volunteer Army Headquarters, everyone couldn’t believe it at first.
After repeated confirmation, Commander-in-Chief Peng shouted loudly: "The 50th Army fought so well, they are the real 50th Army." In 1951, after the 50th Army of the Volunteer Army fought a fifty-day and night blockade on the Han River, Army Commander Zeng Zesheng became seriously ill due to overwork, and the troops suffered heavy casualties. With the approval of his superiors, Zeng Zesheng returned to China from the Korean front to take a short rest. After returning to China, Zeng Zesheng was personally received by Chairman Mao. As soon as they met, Mao Zedong said three words to Zeng Zesheng and spoke highly of the 50th Army. So, why did this 50th Army, which is "experts in foreign wars and amateurs in civil wars ", receive praise from Chairman Mao? What three words did the old man say to Zeng Zesheng? Picture | 60th Army of the Yunnan Army Foreword
1. The predecessor of the 50th Army - the history of the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army
Before talking about this topic, it is necessary to introduce to you the predecessor of the 50th Army of the Volunteer Army, that is, the glorious history of the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army.
Dian Army , literally means the Yunnan local army during the Republic of China.
The Yunnan Army, the Gui Army, and the Shanxi-Sui Army are not affiliated with each party, but only take orders from a certain person, similar to the feudal vassal rule in the middle and late Tang Dynasty .
At the beginning of the 20th century, China was poor and weak, and suffered bullying from foreign powers. The Qing government was extremely corrupt and was unable to recover.
After signing the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" with Japan, which was humiliating and humiliating, the Qing government reorganized the entire Yunnan Province patrol battalion and reorganized it into the 19th Army Division, with a total of 35,000 people in the division.
In early 1912, The Revolution of 1911 broke out, ending more than 2,000 years of feudal rule in China.
In 1916, in order to oppose the imperial system, various places launched wars to protect the country and appease the country.
In order to protect themselves, Diansheng's military forces began a new round of integration.
The Qing government was defeated and the country was in chaos. The 19th Division of the Yunnan Army gradually evolved into a personal armed force. After the integration of
, the armed force became the independent Yunnan Army of Yunnan local faction.
After the establishment of the Yunnan Army, it immediately established the Yunnan Lecture Hall , attaching great importance to the cultivation of military talents.
The establishment of the Yunnan Military Academy has a status in the military history of our country and even the world, which is definitely no less important than that of Baoding Military Academy and Huangpu Military Academy.
Zhu De and Ye Jianying, the two founding marshals of New China, both studied at the Yunnan Military Academy.
To be fair, although the Yunnan Army is a personal armed force independent of the local area, it is rarely divided into factions, ensuring the stability of Yunnan.
During the war to protect the country and resist Yuan Dynasty, the Yunnan Army sent troops to Sichuan and Tibet several times, making contributions to social unification.
The leader of the Yunnan Army during this period was the famous Tang Jiyao, who was called the "King of the Southwest" by the outside world.
At that time, the Yunnan Army was equally powerful as the Northeastern Army, and had great potential to dominate the Central Plains.
Around 1926, Tang Jiyao neglected military affairs and promoted cronies aggressively, causing turmoil within the Yunnan Army.
In May 1927, Tang Jiyao died of illness in Kunming. Long Yun, Li Xuanting, Hu Ruoyu and others jointly governed Yunnan.
In July 1937, the all-out Anti-Japanese War broke out. Long Yun, who had become Chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government, was invited by Chiang Kai-shek to attend the Nanjing National Defense Conference.
At the meeting, Long Yun stated : "I will use all the local manpower and financial resources to sacrifice everything for the country and fight to the end. The Yunnan Army can serve the country at any time."
He also promised to Chiang Kai-shek : "Yunnan can send troops 200,000 to support the national war of resistance, and all the necessary supplies, weapons and equipment are brought with them, so the Nationalist Government does not have to worry about it.”
No need to worry about it. Only Long Yun had this awareness. The "King of Sichuan" Liu Xiang emphasized many times in the meeting: "Only the war of resistance can save the nation and win the hearts of the people and fight against foreign forces to bring peace to the country. Sichuan sent 300,000 troops to provide 5 million strong men to other armies across the country. "
In August 1937, Long Yun returned to Kunming, Yunnan, and within a month integrated the main regular forces of the entire province into one army, designated the 60th Army. The
60 Army has a total of more than 40,000 people and 12 infantry regiments. Lu Han serves as the commander.
After forming the 60th Army, Long Yun suddenly felt uneasy. He said to his staff: "The Japanese are really invading China, but the central government is unprepared. The situation is very dangerous. We in Yunnan must fully prepare ourselves. .
Don’t be afraid. There is the Eighth Route Army in the north, and many friends in the southern provinces are determined to resist Japan. "
Picture | The words of Long Yun of the 60th Army before the expedition
clearly pointed out that Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist Government still thought that "in order to fight against foreign aggression, we must first settle the internal affairs."
On the contrary, the Eighth Route Army took the initiative to attack in North China one after another, giving The Japanese invaders caused a lot of trouble.
From this point of view, the entire Yunnan Army saved the country. The ideas coincide with those of the Communists.
It was this idea of saving the country and the people that finally allowed the 60th Army to abandon darkness and fall into the arms of the people.
Second, the 60th Army fought in bloody battles. In Erzhuang, Chiang Kai-shek was under fire
On the Double Ninth Festival in 1937, Lu Han, commander of the 60th Army, read out an oath in public: "We will fight to the end to resist Japan and save the country. If we violate our oath, we are willing to be punished by military law." "
The people throughout Kunming spontaneously took to the streets to see off their soldiers. The 60th Army left Yunnan and immediately rushed to the front line.
After marching on foot for more than 40 days, the 60th Army arrived in Changde to stand by.
It was Songhu At the end of the battle, in view of the loss of combat effectiveness of the participating troops in East China, the Nationalist Government hoped that the
60 Army would go to Nanjing to perform guard duties. Before the
60 Army arrived in East China, Nanjing was declared to have fallen, so Lu Han led the
Army to Wuhan and arrived at Hankou. After , Chiang Kai-shek ordered Lu Han to lead the 60th Army to circle around the urban area of Hankou to show the local people and foreigners the spirit of China's elite troops and inspire people.
According to old news, the 60th Army circled around the bustling urban area of Hankou. At that time, people lined the streets to welcome
uncles and aunts. Fighting to put money into the soldiers' pockets, young students spent their own money to buy food for the soldiers.
This situation made Army Commander Lu Han burst into tears. He said to the staff around him: "This is what the people want." Xiang, we are fighting for the country and the nation. Even if Chiang Kai-shek wants to trick us, we won’t care about him anymore. "
The news spread back to Yunnan, and young compatriots of all ethnic groups enthusiastically signed up to join the army.
The common people spontaneously raised funds to make military uniforms and send Yunnan Baiyao to the frontline soldiers.
Just like the military song composed by the famous musician Xian Xinghai for the 60th Army: "We are from The Yunnan Uprising was a great place. They walked through the mountains and reached the anti-Japanese battlefield. The brothers fought for national liberation with their own flesh and blood. "
In 1938, the Japanese army chose to capture Xuzhou in order to open up the Jinpu Line. The participating troops were the elite Itagaki Division and Doihara Division of the Japanese army, with a total of 200,000 people. When
.2 million Japanese troops rushed all the way to Taierzhuang, Chiang Kai-shek urgently mobilized the 60th Army. Go to support. 3
This was the first time that the 60th Army faced the vicious Japanese invaders.
The Battle of Taierzhuang was an extremely important battle in the history of China’s Anti-Japanese War. The 60th Army and the two main divisions of the Japanese army fought for more than 20 days, with as many as 16,000 casualties among the entire army.
60 Army 183 Division 541 Brigade Pan Shuoduan Regiment Yin Guohua Camp fought with the Japanese army in Chen Wafang. Encountered a battle.
Picture | All officers and soldiers of the 60th Army
in the Battle of Taierzhuang, only one person survived, and more than 500 officers and soldiers of the
1082 regiment said goodbye to his wife six days after their wedding and went to the battlefield.
Battle of Lunan , Huang Renqin was shot several times, but his rescue efforts failed and he died at the age of 26. Huang Renqin and Yin Guohua in the
60 army were by no means an exception. There were many hot-blooded men who fought with the Japanese army until the last moment. The Japanese army is scared : “I saw the monkey army in Manchuria, and today I encountered stubborn resistance from the barbarian army. "
Even if the 60th Army fought a bloody battle with the Japanese army, the weapons configuration between the enemy and ours was too disparate.
The Japanese army not only had heavy artillery , but also invested a large number of tanks .
60th Army had very few heavy weapons, and its only mountain artillery unit did not participate in the war.
Plus Entering Taierzhuang in a hurry without building complete fortifications h. tml3
Later, in order to deal with Japanese tanks, the officers and soldiers of the 60th Army came up with the idea of tying grenades on bamboo poles and inserting them into the tank tracks.
During the hand-to-hand combat between the two armies, the soldiers of the 60th Army climbed onto the tank despite the hail of bullets and removed the cover. Open it and throw grenades inside.
There is even a scene where 60 officers and soldiers spontaneously organized a death squad, strapped with grenades and charged against Japanese tanks.
On April 24, 1938, the Japanese army launched a massive attack. Chang Zihua, commander of the 1084th Regiment of the 60th Army, and Yan Jiaxun, commander of the 1082nd Regiment, were seriously injured and sacrificed. After 21 days of bloody battle with the Japanese army,
was forced to change its route to Yuwang Mountain, and then the "Bloody Battle of Yuwang Mountain" broke out.
On May 16, 1938, Li Zongren issued an order to abandon Xuzhou to prevent hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops from being surrounded by the Japanese army. Only 5 of the 12 infantry regiments of the
60 Army still have combat effectiveness.
When all the armies in Xuzhou retreated, five regiments of the 60th Army were left to defend Xuzhou.
On May 20, 1938, all armies had already withdrawn from Xuzhou, and Lu Han deployed the 60th Army to break out. After more than ten days of bloody battle with the enemy,
finally arrived at Luohe Station of Pinghan-Hankou Railway on June 1.
After the battle, Chiang Kai-shek hypocritically called Lu Han, commander of the 60th Army, to present him with a commendation.
These words were a "blank promise" to the 60th Army. After nearly a month of bloody fighting, the Yunnan Army suffered 19,000 casualties. About 180 commanders at all levels below the brigade commander were killed, and the entire army was almost disabled.
After reorganization, the 60th Army participated in the Wuhan peripheral defense battle.
In May 1941, the Japanese army raided Zhongtiao Mountain in . The 60th Army was ordered to repulse the Japanese invaders several times.
In 1945, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Long Yun, Chairman of Yunnan Province, made a calculation: Eight years after the Yunnan Army was launched, 220,000 Yunnan athletes died and six generals sacrificed their lives for the country.
At the end of 1945, the 60th Army and other Yunnan units were transferred to Vietnam by Chiang Kai-shek to surrender.
Unexpectedly, not long after the main force of the 60th Army left, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized heavy troops to surround Wuhua Mountain in Kunming, where the Yunnan Provincial Government is located, and used force to force Long Yun to step down. Lu Han became the new Chairman of the Provincial Party Committee of Yunnan Province.
Third, the 60th Army was changed to the 50th Army. Chairman Mao repeatedly praised "the fight was good"
Soon after, the surrendered troops in Vietnam were reorganized on the spot. The 60th Army had jurisdiction over the 182nd Division, the 184th Division and the temporary 21st Division. Zeng Zesheng was appointed as the 60th Army. Army commander.
In April 1946, Chiang Kai-shek unilaterally provoked a civil war, and the 60th Army was forced to be transferred from Vietnam to Northeast China.
Picture | The 60th Army who was resting
Old Chiang Kai-shek was very wise. He believed that the 60th Army was not his direct lineage and its combat capabilities were acceptable. It was better to let them become "cannon fodder" to fight head-on with the army led by the Communist Party. He will reap the benefits of being a fisherman. After the 182nd Division, the leading force of the
60 Army, arrived in the Northeast, it came under the command of Sun Liren, , commander of the New First Army, and was responsible for guarding the railway.
184 Division was under the command of Liao Yaoxiang, , commander of the New Sixth Army. The 21st Division was temporarily established to take over the 52nd Army. Zeng Zesheng led the military headquarters and directly affiliated troops and was ordered to be stationed in Fushun.
In this way, the 60th Army, which frightened the Japanese invaders, was divided by Chiang Kai-shek for no reason.
Long Yun, Lu Han, and Zeng Zesheng knew very well Chiang Kai-shek's true face. The 60th Army did not want to kill each other at all. After
came to the Northeast, the 60th Army violated Chiang Kai-shek's orders both in person and in secret. Zeng Zesheng and Lu Han even obeyed the instructions and refused to listen to the announcement.
Whenever encountering the People's Liberation Army, the 60th Army and its affiliated troops only put up a symbolic resistance, but were disrupted by the People's Liberation Army and suffered a complete defeat.
The National Army also gave the 60th Army the derogatory nickname "60s Bear" within the army.
In May 1946, in order to regain Anshan and Haicheng and cut off the Kuomintang army's water and land transport lines in the Northeast, the fourth column of the Northeast Democratic Alliance launched the Anhai Campaign.
Our party learned that the troops stationed in Haicheng, Anshan, were the 184th Division of the 60th Army. They had long hated Chiang Kai-shek's practice of excluding dissidents and discriminating against non-direct troops.
So, Northeast Democratic Coalition quietly sent a letter of persuasion to surrender to Pan Shuoduan, commander of the 184th Division.
Pan Shuo saw that there was no hope of guarding the city. He had also heard about the preferential treatment of prisoners by the army led by the Communist Party.
Without doing anything, Pan Shuoduan led the 184th Division and the 552nd Regiment, a total of more than 2,700 people, to collectively surrender to the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army.
This news caused great shock to the Kuomintang army and caused fluctuations within the 60th Army.
In order to stabilize the morale of the army, Chiang Kai-shek quickly ordered Du Yuming to appease him, gathered all the departments of the 60th Army, and put Zeng Zesheng under unified command.
In the following two years, the various departments under the 60th Army completely lost trust with Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang army.
In 1948, our Northeast Field Army swept across the three northeastern provinces, and the battlefield situation took a turn for the worse.
Zeng Zesheng faced the powerful offensive of the People's Liberation Army. In order to preserve the Yunnan Army and for the sake of national justice, Zeng Zesheng was determined to lead an uprising of the entire 60th Army and join the People's Liberation Army.
At first, a small number of comrades in the People's Liberation Army had opinions about the 60th Army, thinking that this unit was a "no-name army."
The head of the Northeast Field Army severely criticized the comrades who had these ideas.
Although the 60th Army was dubbed the "miscellaneous army", it was not that the army itself was not weak in combat effectiveness, but that it was discriminated against by Chiang Kai-shek.
What’s more, the 60th Army has revolted and returned to the people’s camp. We are all good brothers and comrades-in-arms, and we must not continue to discriminate against each other.
Due to the uprising of the 60th Army line, the People's Liberation Army was guided into the Dongcheng garrison area, causing other Kuomintang garrison troops to fall into chaos and surrender one after another, eventually liberating Changchun peacefully.
Picture | The 60th Army surrendered
In January 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army headquarters awarded the 60th Army a new designation "50th Army" and appointed General Zeng Zesheng as the commander of the 50th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
In order to truly transform this army into a people's army, the former General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army launched an educational campaign for the 50th Army with the purpose of eliminating old warlords.
Army Commander Zeng Zesheng calmly studied many Marxist-Leninist works, and carried out self-ideological transformation with the troops.
This transformation was very successful. The whole army was deeply aware of the need to do more good things for the people, and no one would discriminate against them.
In June 1950, the Korean War broke out. The 50th Army, which had been reborn, immediately petitioned the Central Military Commission for war. They were willing to be the first batch to enter North Korea and defend the northeastern border of the motherland.
However, Peng Dehuai, the then commander-in-chief of the Volunteer Army , was still somewhat unsure about the 50th Army.
It’s not because Commander-in-Chief Peng has any personal views on the 50th Army.
Before entering North Korea and participating in the war, the 50th Army was engaged in bandit suppression missions in Hubei and was busy helping local people build water conservancy projects and restore production. The condition of the soldiers was definitely not as good as that of the frontline troops participating in the war.
In addition, the 50th Army followed Liu and Deng in liberating the southwest, and most of the weapons and equipment seized were left to the second field.
At that time, the 50th Army only had 16 mountain guns and more than 50 mortars . Cadres at all levels were scarce and the combat effectiveness of soldiers was uneven.
Considering that the 50th Army was an "uprising force", the entire army held their breath to prove themselves.
As a result, Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Peng agreed to allow the 50th Army to enter North Korea as the first batch to participate in the war.
In the first battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the 50th Army was mainly responsible for cutting off the retreat of the " United Nations Army ".
However, the 50th Army took the initiative to attack three times in a row, but all failed, seriously delaying the fighter opportunity.
At the military conference, Peng Dehuai scolded Liang Xingchu, commander of the 38th Army, who had a bad start in the battle, as a "rat general" and asked him to go to a military court .
Zeng Zesheng also participated in the meeting. He believed that no matter how bad the performance of the 38th Army was, it would still be better than his 50th Army.
Commander-in-Chief Peng only scolded Liang Xingchu, but not himself. Instead, he protected the 50th Army.
Thinking of this, Zeng Zesheng immediately expressed his position to Peng Dehuai - must lead the 50th Army to a great victory.
Picture | Peng Dehuai
In early 1951, during the third battle to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, the 149th Division of the 50th Army completely annihilated the Royal Heavy Tank Battalion of the British Air Force.
On January 25, 1951, the "United Nations Army" mobilized 230,000 troops and launched a full-line attack on the Chinese and North Korean troops. The 250th Army is responsible for blocking the enemy on the south bank of the Han River.
On the evening of February 7, 1951, the 50th Army moved its main force to the north bank of the Han River for defense, leaving the 149th Division and 445th Regiment on the south bank to hold on.
For more than 50 days and nights since then, the "United Nations Army" continued to bombard the 50th Army's defense line indiscriminately, and continuously dispatched land forces to conduct exploratory attacks, all of which were repelled by the 50th Army.
As of March 15, 1951, the 50th Army had killed more than 11,000 enemy soldiers, captured 61 US troops, seized 17 vehicles, and shot down and damaged 16 enemy aircraft on both sides of the Han River.
Under various adverse conditions, the 50th Army finally defeated the "United Nations Army" which was armed to the teeth with inferior equipment.
When the news reached the Volunteer Army Headquarters, everyone couldn’t believe it at first.
After repeated confirmation, Commander-in-Chief Peng shouted loudly: "The 50th Army fought so well, they are the real 50th Army."
As long as I, Peng Dehuai, am here, the 50th Army will not be disbanded, and priority will be given to replacing equipment. "
On March 16, 1951, the 50th Army withdrew from the battle and returned to the rear for rest and recuperation.
At this time, Zeng Zesheng was in poor health and had difficulty moving, so the organization specifically approved him to leave the army and return to China for recuperation.
After returning to China, Chairman Mao specially
When he heard that Chairman Mao was going to meet him in person, Zeng Zesheng was still a little nervous.
After arriving at Zhongnanhai, Chairman Mao held Zeng Zesheng's hand and said three words to him. : “Well played. "
Seeing such an amiable Chairman Mao, Zeng Zesheng was no longer so embarrassed.
Then, Chairman Mao had lunch with Zeng Zesheng and spoke highly of him and the 50th Army.: "You fought very well in the Korean battlefield. In the future, we must Keep up the good work. "
"We must live up to the expectations of Chairman Mao and the people of the whole country," Zeng Zesheng replied.
Later, Chairman Mao also talked to Zeng Zesheng about many topics, including ancient and modern times, China and foreign countries, and all over the world.
In 1952, Zeng Zesheng's health was slightly When things improved, he quickly asked the Central Military Commission to return to the army and continue to lead the 50th Army and the "United Nations" "National Army" fought and fought.
Picture | The 50th Army to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea
After the end of the Resistance to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the 50th Army returned to China with honors in May 1954. Chairman Mao once again met with Commander Zeng Zesheng.
The old man held Zeng Zesheng's hand. said happily: "You guys played really well. "
Zeng Zesheng said modestly: "Compared with other brother armies, we are still far behind.
Chairman Mao insisted : "In my opinion, your performance is good enough." "
Hearing this, Zeng Zesheng finally summoned up the courage to make a request to Chairman Mao:"Chairman, I want to join the Communist Party of China. Please approve it.
Chairman Mao nodded with a smile and said : "You have made rapid progress over the years and your consciousness is not low. In my opinion, you do not need my approval to join the Communist Party of China."
However, it is better not to join the party.
Now Chiang Kai-shek is attacking us proletariat . If you promote Taiwan to the world as a non-party person, it will be more valuable than if you join the party.
So judging from the current situation, how about you not joining the party for the time being and waiting for a while for the sake of the early reunification of the motherland? "
Chairman Mao's words made Zeng Zesheng, who was not afraid of heaven and earth, actually shed tears.
He replied with a tearful voice: "Everything will follow Chairman Mao's arrangements. "
At this moment, Zeng Zesheng, who had been "relegated to general" in the past, deeply felt how warm he was in the big family of the people. Neither Chairman Mao nor Commander-in-Chief Peng Dehuai regarded him as an outsider, let alone discriminated against the surrender status of the 50th Army.
This At that time, the officers and soldiers of all ethnic groups in the 50th Army gradually integrated into the Chinese nation from their initial differences in culture and habits. They no longer fought for individuals. , not fighting for a certain group, but fighting for the entire Chinese people and the Chinese nation.
Picture | General Zeng Zesheng
Conclusion
General Zeng Zesheng passed away in 1973.
Since he never joined the party, the urn cannot be covered. Party flag.
However, all 6 children of General Zeng Zesheng joined the Communist Party of China. The party can be regarded as comforting the spirit of the old general.
In 1985, the Chinese army carried out a massive disarmament, and the 50th Army was merged into the 13th Army.
This unit has been established for the longest time in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
Until the Revolution of 1911, then to the National Defense Movement, the War of Resistance Against Japan, the War of Liberation, the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, until the
50 army of New China fought in several national wars. Huge sacrifices were made, and among the officers and soldiers there were both Han Chinese and ethnic minorities such as the Yi, Naxi, and Bai people. It was said that "the civil war has never been won and the foreign war has never been lost." However, Japan and The French, British, American and other foreign aggressor armies all failed in front of him; the 50th Army and compatriots of all ethnic groups in Yunnan made great contributions to the New China and to a better life for all the Chinese people.
In today's peaceful era, the 50th Army, like the sons and daughters of all ethnic groups in Yunnan, continues to struggle in various industries.
Yunnan, which enjoys spring all year round, has long been out of poverty. All ethnic groups are united and show the glorious history of the Chinese nation to the world.
Reference:
[1] Mao Zedong praised Lieutenant General Zeng Zesheng for "fighting well", author Zhang Ruian, Party History Exquisite (Part 1) 2021 Issue 12
[2] Tell you about an unknown anti-Japanese iron army , author Zhang Yong, Guangming Daily September 20, 2018
[3] Famous and outstanding achievements - remembering the 50th Army in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, author Xu Tiehong Meng Fenglei, Communist Party member (Hebei) 2022 Issue 04
In today's peaceful era, the 50th Army, like the sons and daughters of all ethnic groups in Yunnan, continues to struggle in various industries.
Yunnan, which enjoys spring all year round, has long been out of poverty. All ethnic groups are united and show the glorious history of the Chinese nation to the world.
Reference:
[1] Mao Zedong praised Lieutenant General Zeng Zesheng for "fighting well", author Zhang Ruian, Party History Exquisite (Part 1) 2021 Issue 12
[2] Tell you about an unknown anti-Japanese iron army , author Zhang Yong, Guangming Daily September 20, 2018
[3] Famous and outstanding achievements - remembering the 50th Army in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, author Xu Tiehong Meng Fenglei, Communist Party member (Hebei) 2022 Issue 04
