2022 is the year of the three-year action plan for state-owned enterprise reform and the year of finalizing the three-year action plan for state-owned enterprise reform, and is also a key year for deepening the reform of the three systems of state-owned enterprise. In order to scientifically and systematically evaluate the achievements of in the three systems reform of , it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the policy context of the three systems reform of state-owned enterprises. The three system reforms of
refer to the three system reforms of the State Council for state-owned enterprises in , including: labor, personnel, distribution ; and the three system reforms of the Ministry of Personnel: civil service system, public institution personnel system, wages and benefits. In the field of state-owned assets and state-owned enterprises, deepening the reform of the three systems specifically refers to deepening the reform of labor, personnel and distribution of state-owned enterprises.
Review of history, the reform of the three systems of state-owned enterprises has roughly gone through the following four stages.
1. Explore the initial stage (1978-1993)
1978, State-owned enterprise reform In accordance with the spirit of the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Economic System Reform", the reform journey was launched around the center of revitalizing enterprises. The main measures of the initial reform were to implement the factory manager (manager) responsibility system, contract responsibility system, leasing and management system, etc., through delegating and concessions to enterprises, exploring the separation of enterprise operating rights and ownership, guiding state-owned units to get rid of the constraints of the planned economic system, and allowing state-owned enterprises to enter the market as independent operating entities.
1987, Zhuzhou City and Qingdao City were listed by the State Council as the first two pilot cities for comprehensive supporting reforms in the country, and carried out three system reforms with the main characteristics of breaking the "iron chair, iron rice bowl, and iron wages", setting a model for the national state-owned enterprise reform.
In July 11992, the State Council announced the " Regulations on the Conversion and Operation Mechanism of Industrial Enterprises of All Owned by Industrial Enterprises" to grant enterprises 14 business autonomy, including labor employment rights, personnel management rights, wages and bonus distribution rights, and initially proposed to realize a system in which workers can enter and exit, cadres can go up and down, and wages can be high and low.
2. Coordinated promotion stage (1993-2001)
1993, the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's "Decision on Several Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economic System", clearly proposed that establishing a modern enterprise system with "clear property rights, clear rights and responsibilities, separation of government and enterprise, and scientific management" is the goal of my country's state-owned enterprise reform.
The three institutional reforms during this period mainly serve the optimization and restructuring of enterprises and personnel diversion, and a series of laws and regulations that are compatible with the reforms of the three institutional reforms. For example, in 1994, the " Labor Law of the People's Republic of China" was issued, the " Interim Regulations on the Collection and Payment of Social Insurance Premiums" was issued, and in 2000, the "Outline for Deepening the Reform of the Cadre and Personnel System" was issued, and the administrative levels of leaders of state-owned enterprises and enterprises were abolished.
3. Comprehensive promotion stage (2001-2013)
In 2001, the former State Foreign Trade Commission issued "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Personnel, Labor and Distribution Systems in State-owned Enterprises" began to systematically promote the reform of three systems.
September 16, 2003 The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council first market-oriented senior management personnel from six companies including China Unicom, China Aluminum Industry, and China Foreign Transportation in the world.
In 2007, the " Labor Contract Law of the People's Republic of China " was released.
In 2009, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission issued "Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Labor Employment and Internal Income Distribution System of Central Enterprises" .
In 2010, the "Interim Measures for the Management of Total Wages of Central Enterprises" was issued, and the total wage management model has changed from the original " ergonomic efficiency-linked " management model to the budget management model under the ergonomic efficiency linkage mechanism.
4. Deepening reform stage (2013-present)
2013 The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform", which clearly proposed to deepen the reform of the three systems.
In 2015, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the " Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Reform of State-owned Enterprises ", and the "1+N" policy system was gradually improved, and the market-oriented reform direction of the "personnel selection and employment mechanism" and the "incentive and constraint mechanism" were clearly put forward, and the "market-oriented mechanism is more perfect" in which internal managers of state-owned enterprises can go up and down, employees can enter and exit, and income can increase and decrease as an important reform goal.
In 2016, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of Labor Employment and Income Distribution System of Central Enterprises" , strengthening the employment conditions and assessment and evaluation of managers, strengthening the contractual management of labor employment, and promoting the reform of the internal salary system closely linked to efficiency. It is proposed to strengthen the basic work such as human resources information management and benchmarking management , promoting the sustainable and healthy development of enterprises, and further putting forward specific requirements for central enterprises to promote the reform of the three systems. The reform of the three systems has also entered a new stage and has become a new three system reform with new goals, new connotations and new content.
In 2020, the "Notice of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council on Issuing the Three-Year Action Plan for State-owned Enterprise Reform (2020-2022)" was issued by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, effectively deepening the " three systems " reform, improving the market-oriented operation mechanism, vigorously promoting the term system and contractual management of management members, accelerating the promotion of the professional manager system, comprehensively promoting the market-oriented employment and salary distribution system, and carrying out medium- and long-term incentives in various ways. The promulgation of the three-year action plan for state-owned enterprise reform further clarifies the task book, timetable and roadmap for the reform of the "three systems", and the importance and urgency are further highlighted.
In 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward an important conclusion in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "The distribution system is a basic system to promote common prosperity" , and made important arrangements for improving the distribution system, pointing out the direction and providing guidance for achieving common prosperity on the new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country.
On the new era and new journey, state-owned enterprises must thoroughly implement the spirit of the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, improve the distribution system, and solidly promote common prosperity. We must continuously realize development for the people, development depends on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people, so that the fruits of modernization will benefit all people more and more equitably.
