Sakhalin has been the territory of my country since ancient times, and the central government of our country has been under effective jurisdiction over it. Sakhalin is also known as Kuye Island and Kuwu Island. The Russians call it Sakhalin Island, and the Japanese call it Huatai Island .
Sakhalin Island, currently the largest island in Russia, is located in the North Pacific Ocean, across the sea from the Japanese island of Hokkaido. It has more than 6,000 rivers and more than 1,600 lakes, as well as oil, natural gas, coal, and fisheries on the island. , Forest resources are quite abundant.
Sakhalin Island is located in the northeastern part of the Eurasian continent. The west compartment palace strait faces the Asian continent across the sea, the east is the Sea of Okhotsk , and the south is adjacent to Hokkaido, Japan. The strategic location of Sakhalin Island is very important. It is known as " Strait of Malacca " in Northeast Asia. It is the mouth of Heilongjiang in Northeast China, the outpost port of Russia to the Pacific Ocean, and the only way for Japan to go north.
However, how did such an important place, which belonged to China for a long time, be lost from the Qing Dynasty?
As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Chinese discovered that there were residents living on Sakhalin Island. Since and the Sui and Tang Dynasties , China has begun to treat the lower reaches of Heilongjiang including Sakhalin Island. The region began to exercise administrative jurisdiction. The Japanese also refer to Sakhalin as the "Huatai Island", and the "Huatai Island" is interpreted by the Japanese as the "Chinese Island". The Japanese recognize that Sakhalin is an island of the Chinese.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Genghis Khan and his descendants swept across the Eurasian continent with Mongolian iron horses. In the 13th century, the Bone and Ghost Tribe on Sakhalin was completely conquered by the Yuan Dynasty. In the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty realized the effective management of Sakhalin, and In the northeastern region, the Mansion of the Marshal of the East was set up to govern areas including Sakhalin. Administratively, this place was under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang Province. Since then, the original tribes living on Sakhalin have also paid taxes to the Yuan dynasty every year.
During the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang In order to completely eliminate the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty in the northeast,With regard to the Northeast region, including Sakhalin, the policy of enrollment was adopted as the main policy, with the military as the supplementary policy, and the remnant Yuan dynasty forces in the Northeast were gradually divided. Zhu Yuanzhang recruited several times but was rejected by Naha. At that time, the Northeast was ruled by the remnant Naha of the Yuan Dynasty. Naha sent 200,000 troops and never gave up to restore the Yuan Dynasty. In 1387, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to conquer the Northeast and sent Feng Sheng. In order to conquer General Qiang, led an army of 200,000 to defeat Naha.
After Naha surrendered, other remnants of the Yuan army also surrendered. Zhu Yuanzhang set up Liaodongwei in the southern part of the northeast, which was later changed to Liaoduwei. In the Yongle period, Nuer Gandushi was established to govern the vast northeastern region including Sakhalin.
The tribal leaders on Sakhalin also went to Beijing to meet the emperor of the Ming Dynasty in person. The taxes paid by the local tribesmen, even the tributes, have become richer. In addition to the Ming Dynasty government set up Nanghaerwei and other management agencies on Sakhalin Island, the Ming Dynasty emperor also sent envoys. The eunuch also visited Sakhalin Island ten times, and also built a temple on Sakhalin Island. In order to facilitate the worship of the locals, two stone steles were set up to record the details of the jurisdiction of Sakhalin.
During the Qing Dynasty, Nurhachi unified Jurchen and then unified the Northeast into jurisdiction. In 1644, the Qing Dynasty gradually unified the Central Plains, and the Northeast was the land of Longxing. The Qing Dynasty set up three general jurisdictions, Shengjing, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, and Sakhalin was under the jurisdiction of the Jilin general.
On Sakhalin Island, in addition to Ainu and Feyakazan, there are also real people who are not young girls. In the hearts of the Manchus, Sakhalin, Changbai Mountain, and Daxinganling are the birthplaces of the Manchus. Emperor Kangxi attached great importance to the construction of this area and greatly strengthened the management of Sakhalin.
During the reign of Kangxi, Tsarist Russia invaded the Mohe area of Heilongjiang in the south, and Kangxi sent troops to the north and hit the czar severely. In the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, the Qing Dynasty and Russia signed the " Nerchinsk Treaty ",Clarified the dividing line between the Qing Dynasty and Tsarist Russia. Sakhalin Island is clearly included in the Qing Dynasty territory. It is undisputed that Sakhalin Island is the territory of China.
However, in the Qing Dynasty, the Yong and Qian emperors ignored the territories that their ancestors had strenuously laid down, and ignored the management and control of the area north of Heilongjiang. The emperor of the Qing Dynasty believed that Sakhalin was geographically remote and a barren land. He believed that it was of little use value and had not paid much attention to Sakhalin. The emperor of the Qing Dynasty always held the sovereignty and interests of Sakhalin indifferent. Attitude, this gave Japan and Russia a chance to invade Sakhalin Island.
Sakhalin Island is an important place for Japan and Russia. As early as the 18th century, Japan and Russia simultaneously invaded Sakhalin Island, and the two countries simultaneously infiltrated Sakhalin Island.
Sakhalin and Hokkaido are across the sea. In the 13th century, the Japanese crossed the Zonggu Strait and came to Sakhalin to teach. While Toyota Hideyoshi unified Japan, it also controlled the southern part of Sakhalin, established a management office on the island, and opened up fishing grounds. At the end of the 18th century, the Japanese feudal lord Matsumae set up an exchange in the land of the white lord at the southern tip of Sakhalin Island. This was the first Japanese colonial site set up on Sakhalin Island. In 1799, Japan's Edo Shogun directly incorporated the southern part of Sakhalin into the Japanese territory.
However, Russia is also eyeing Sakhalin Island. After the Opium War, Russia stepped up its invasion of China. The Tsar believed that Sakhalin Island was located at the exit of Heilongjiang and could be used as a base for Russia to invade China. Page Island is included in the territory of Russia.
Japan and Russia have sent expeditions to the island many times to conduct surveys on Sakhalin, and slowly grasp the specific situation of Sakhalin. On the other hand, Japan and Russia sent immigrants on Sakhalin Island and established many settlements, fishing grounds and living facilities on the island. The lifestyles and languages of the two peoples are different, which will inevitably lead to conflicts of interest. In the next 100 years, Japan and Russia are competing for the Sakhalin Island.A fierce battle started with a big fight.
In 1806, the Russians attacked the Japanese tax office on Sakhalin Island. The local Japanese garrison was wiped out, and the Japanese warehouse was burned to the ground. The Edo Shogunate heard the news and quickly sent troops to Russia. Fierce fighting, the war between the two sides lasted a long time. The Crimean War broke out. Russia could not take care of both sides, so it could only withdraw its troops from Sakhalin. In 1808, Russia and Japan truce, and the two sides signed the Shimoda Treaty. The treaty stipulates that is the boundary, the northern islands are owned by Russia, and the southern islands are under the jurisdiction of Japan.
However, Russia was not satisfied with this. In 1856, the British and French allied forces launched the Second Opium War against the Qing Dynasty. Russia saw the victory of the weak Qing Dynasty and thought it had a chance. The coercion and profit induced the Qing Dynasty to sign the " Treaty of Aihui " and " Beijing Treaty of ". Since then, China has lost the sovereignty of Sakhalin. After signing the treaty, Russia immediately sent troops to Sakhalin and sent Muraviyov to notify Japan to divide the Kuril Islands with the forty-eight degree north latitude as the dividing line.
After receiving the news, the Edo shogunate certainly did not agree that Sakhalin should be owned by Russia, so they sent troops to face off again. The battle between Japan and Russia for Sakhalin Island lasted for more than 100 years. During this period, as the strength of the two countries ebb and flow, it directly affected the control of Sakhalin Island.
There was no solution to the sovereignty of Sakhalin after many years of war. In 1867, Russia and Japan used peace talks to solve the problem of Sakhalin. Russia signed the "Sakhalin" with the four islands of the Kuril Islands in exchange for the ownership of Sakhalin. Provisional Regulations of Sakhalin.
In 1905, Japan greatly increased its strength and became Russia's strong competitor in the Far East of . The two sides ushered in the Russo-Japanese War. Japan defeated Russia and Japan quickly occupied the entire Sakhalin island. Russia signed the " Portsmouth Peace Agreement".Since then, Sakhalin has been under Japanese rule until the end of World War II. After Japan surrendered in World War II, Russia sent troops to reoccupy Sakhalin.
From the 17th century to the 19th century, Japan and Russia fought fiercely for Sakhalin Island, so why didn't the Qing government, as territorial sovereignty, speak out?
In the beginning, the Qing government of the emperor of the mountain high may not know the contention between Japan and Russia on Sakhalin Island. However, after the Opium War, the Qing government already knew very well that the Japanese and Russian sides were fighting on Sakhalin Island. The choice to be silent is purposeful.
Since Jiaxing, the Qing government has weakened its national power. There have been various uprisings and rebellions within it, and there have been two Opium Wars outside. The Qing government has already understood that in the face of powerful Western powers, its own strength is not enough. Look.
The invasion of China by Japan and Russia can be described as the heart of Sima Zhao, and everyone knows it. The purpose of the occupation of Sakhalin by Japan and Russia was to use it as a springboard to invade the three northeastern provinces.
Since both countries can't beat them, it's better to let the two tigers fight and keep the peace for a while. As for the subsequent ceding of Sakhalin, it was also forced by the Russian power, and there was no strength to resist.
Sakhalin Island is rich in resources, has an excellent geographical location, and a strategic location. It must be a battleground for military strategists. However, the late Qing government's short-sightedness and corruption and incompetence caused the beautiful Sakhalin island to leave its hometown, and its soul is still in a foreign country.
Macau and Hong Kong, which were also ceded, have returned to the embrace of the motherland. Can Sakhalin Island return to the embrace of the motherland like Hong Kong and Macau?
Haha, there is an inevitable law. As long as a country is strong to a certain extent, what originally belonged to itself will definitely be taken back by any means.
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