data compilation: Tianxia Daguan
Frank Sherwood Rowland (June 28, 1927 - March 10, 2012), American chemist , winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, former professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine.
His research mainly involves atmospheric chemistry and chemical reaction kinetics.
Roland was born in Delaware, a small town in Ohio, USA.
His father came to Ohio Wesleyan University in the city as a professor and chair of the Department of Mathematics Department, the year before his birth. Their family moved into the city as a result. He was admitted to Ohio Wesleyan University at the age of 16 (1943).
When he was about to finish his studies, he joined the U.S. Navy in 1945 because of the Pacific War.
He retired and returned to school in 1946, graduated in 1948 with a bachelor's degree
. He then studied at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Chicago, earned his master's degree in 1951 and his doctorate in 1952.
Roland's mentor at the University of Chicago was Professor Willard Libby, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for radiocarbon dating. He worked at Princeton University (1952-1956) and the University of Kansas (1956-1964).
He came to the University of California, Irvine to establish the Department of Chemistry in 1964 and served as professor and chair of the department. Roland was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1978 and served as chairman of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 1993.
Roland's most famous research result is the discovery of the damage of chlorofluorocarbons to the earth's ozone layer.
His theory shows that gases of artificial organic compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons decompose in the stratosphere under the action of solar radiation to produce free chlorine atoms and ClO free radicals, and these two products can consume a large amount of ozone molecules in the stratosphere. Mario Molina joined his research group in 1973 and began collaborative research on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Roland and Molina published this result in 1974 in Nature. The paper sparked a scientific investigation into the issue by the National Academy of Sciences. The survey endorsed their findings, prompting a ban on the production of spray cans with any chlorofluorocarbon added to the United States starting in 1978.
Sherwood Roland died of Parkinson's disease on March 10, 2012 at the age of 84.
Roland and Molina won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 for their research results in this area. The physical science building he worked at the University of California, Irvine was also named after him the same year (Rowland Hall).
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