1624 In September 1624, the Dutch retreated to Taiwan after defeating Penghu , and used it as a base to develop trade in East Asia.
At the same time, as the rise of the Northeast Manchus restrained most of the empire's energy, the Ming Dynasty's maritime power gradually changed from the imperial fleet to private maritime armed trade, and Chinese merchants represented by Zheng Zhilong rose at the sea. 
In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), the Ming Dynasty court appointed Zheng Zhilong as "Maritime Guerrilla". This was the first time that the Chinese Pirate Maritime Merchant Group had legal recognition.
After Zheng Zhilong Group was legalized, it launched trade competition with the Dutch in an attempt to monopolize maritime trade in East Asia.
On September 15, 1633, Zheng Zhilong learned in Wushatou that nine Dutch plywood ships and more than fifty Liu Xiang pirate ships moved from north to south, so he made a letter of war to ask the Dutch to fight a decisive battle. On October 22, the Dutch ship arrived at the Lieluo (east coast of Kinmen) from Weitou. The Ming Dynasty navy appeared and began to attack the Dutch ship. , the Lieluo Bay Battle began.
Listenluo Bay Battle
According to the "Diary of the City of Batavia", about a hundred Dutch captured in this battle.
According to Fujian Governor Zou Weilian report: "The plan to capture 118 people of the Yi people, kill 20 Yi-level, burn 5 giant ships (board) of the Yi-level, defeat one giant ship, defeat more than fifty small boats of the Yi-level, and seize more than fifty small boats of the Yi-level, and seize armor, swords, rosary, sea charts and other items. The front and back guns were dragged away by the Yi-level, and the number of people who failed to cut the level was difficult to describe it, and they dare not tell me."
In this battle, Zheng Zhilong concentrated his superior forces, used a large number of Western cannons to bombard the enemy, and used fire ships to fight in close combat, and he fought beautifully.
Liu Luowan victory forced the Dutch to condescend to the strength of China Maritime Merchant Group. From then on, the Dutch paid 120,000 francs of tribute to Zheng Zhilong Merchant's fleet every year to ensure the safety of Dutch East India Company in the Far East waters. In the 17th century, the Far East waters were completely transformed into a world that was decided by Chinese maritime merchants.
After Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Chenggong inherited the cause of the Zheng family, and the East Asian sea in the late Ming Dynasty was still the world of the Zheng family.
Zheng Chenggong
In order to expel the Dutch from Taiwan, in 1661, Zheng Chenggong ordered the active repair of warships and recruitment of sailors. More than 300 military ships were built in just two months.
The Dutch invading army was very strict in Taiwan, built a city and built a fortress, with a total force of about 2,800. The warships include deck warships such as "Hector", "S Grafran", "Wynk", and "Maria", as well as many small boats.
1661 In the naval battle on May 1, 1661, Zheng Chenggong adopted the tactic of "took more and hit less" and sent about 60 sailboats equipped with two cannons to fight against the Dutch army. Under the command of town generals Chen Guang and Chen Chong, the Zheng army used artillery fire to trigger an explosion in the Dutch gunpowder depot, sunk the Dutch main ship Hector, burned the Grafran with fire ships, and fled to Japan and Batavia directions respectively. Through naval battles, the Dutch army suffered heavy damage, and there were still a few small boats fleeing into the city of Taiwan and never dared to fight again. Zheng's army won the sea control power of the Taiwan Strait by its numerical advantage.
The Mary ship, which fled from the Battle of Taiwan, arrived in Batavia in June 1661 and reported to the East India Company that the Dutch army was defeated in Chikan City and besieged in Taiwan. In order to save the defeat, the Dutch colonial authorities in Batavia sent Navy Commander Kob Kou to lead 752 soldiers of 10 warships including Cochrane and Urke, as well as rice, beef and pork that had been eaten for eight months to reinforce. After a 38-day voyage, we arrived at the sea surface of Taiwan on August 12.
On September 16, the Dutch army launched an attack on the Zheng army from the sea and the land. At sea, the Dutch army attempted to detour to the side of the Zheng army and burn ships. The Zheng army avoided the naval battle with the Dutch fleet and hid on the shore. When the enemy ships broke into the ambush circle, they immediately fired tens of thousands of cannons on both sides of land and sea. After an hour of fierce fighting, the Zheng army killed 150 people and injured several people, and destroyed 2 Dutch warships and captured 3 small boats. The Dutch army lost 1 captain, 1 lieutenant, 1 flag guard sergeant and 128 soldiers, and some others were injured. On land, the Dutch army stopped without launching any decent attacks.On December 1, Zheng Chenggong ordered Chen Xuan and Chen Chong to use dozens of small boats containing flammable materials such as nitrsulfon to burn the Dutch army ships on the wind and fire. Huang Anzhe led a unit to attack from Qikun, sink three Dutch warships, and kill and injure many Dutch soldiers. At this point, the Dutch naval forces were basically destroyed and could only sit and wait for death. From then on, Taiwan was under the jurisdiction of Zheng's family until the Qing army entered in 1683.
From this point of view, even in the late Ming Dynasty, China could still face the world powers Portugal and the Netherlands at that time, and did not lose at all.
Although the Ming Dynasty won by number, it was always a naval battle.
However, good and bad luck depended on each other. The "sea coachman" The Netherlands was expelled by the Western powers did not dare to attack China again in nearly two hundred years, which to some extent caused the Qing Dynasty to blindly arrogance. When the next great powers appeared, it was the Opium War launched by Britain in 1840.
We all know the end of the Opium War. After the Qing Dynasty closed its country for two hundred years, it was inevitable that failure would be inevitable.
