Source: China Military Network - PLA Daily
■Hong Dapeng Li Meiji Wei Liping
Golden horn, straight backbone, courageous spirit shines on the 25,000-mile journey, like igniting the fire of the dark night.
Chinese painting "The Horn" by Chen Siyu Yu Miao
82 years ago on the Double Ninth Festival of the Lunar New Year, a thrilling military expedition in human history began on the banks of the Yudu River in southern Jiangxi, China.
Countless people talk about this story afterwards. But perhaps what many people don’t know is that this team, known as the Central Red Army, carries more than 2 million propaganda materials of various types. Three months ago, when the Red Seventh Army set out in the name of the northward anti-Japanese advance team, it also brought more than 1 million declarations, notices and leaflets. A year later, when the Red Second Front Army broke through from the Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou base, it also carried more than 1.6 million propaganda materials...
seems to have been destined from the beginning. This unparalleled epic expedition will be a grand propaganda journey for the Communist Party of China and the Red Army it led.
Drum and Gate Contest Wanli Tour
Red Army has had the "gene" of propaganda work since its birth.
In September 1927, when Mao Zedong led the Workers' Revolutionary Army to carry out the "Three Wan Adaptation" in Yongxin, Jiangxi, the five regulations formulated for the Soldiers Committee include "writing slogans, posting slogans, distributing leaflets, and giving speeches and publicity", and "a commemorative meeting for workers' and peasants on anniversary or monthly, including speeches, new dramas (i.e. dramas), Peking Opera, double acts, dancing, magic, etc.".
On February 27, 1935, the General Political Department of the Red Army issued the "Order on Immediately Mobilizing the Slogans to Write Slogans". The word "Write" is enough to reflect the Red Army's emphasis on writing slogans. Since then, slogans have become the most important and common propaganda method of the Red Army on the way to the Long March . In order to inspire officers and soldiers to write more slogans, many troops launched competitions to write slogans. According to the old Red Army, the first thing the troops had to do whenever they arrived at a place was to print slogans. The Red Army newspaper once made a report like this: "The direct team of the Red Army wrote more than 600 slogans to the White Army soldiers in two days; the 'Chuan regiment agency was dark when it came to the camp, and even lit torches to write slogans; the 'Shanxi' (code name of a certain Red Army unit) wrote a total of 14,800 slogans in two days, of which 10,000 were written by cadres..."
In order to better complete this task, the Central Red Army even carried heavy printing machines when embarking on the Long March. But frequent battles, coupled with days of marching, the Red Army must give up items that affect the speed of the march as much as possible to improve mobility and flexibility. At this time, the Red Army's propaganda work must be simple and adapted to local conditions.
On the Long March, the staff of " Red Star News " carried four iron boxes with two shoulder poles and marched day and night with the Central Military Commission. The iron box they picked contained all the equipment for publishing newspapers: a Zhongling brand mimeographer (for lightweight installation, I threw it down when I walked to Hunan, and bought another hand-rolling mimeographer), a few boxes of ink, a few tubes of wax paper, a few steel plates, a few stencils and some rough paper. As soon as he arrived at the camp, he would set up an iron box to make an office desk, and often insisted on writing articles and compiling newspapers under the bombing of Kuomintang planes. Under such conditions, the Red Star still left many wonderful historical moments, making the hero's deeds an eternal historical memory, frozen in the hearts of the people.
Spiritual torch will never go out
In the Kuomintang’s discourse system, the Long March was a “flowing”, but this is by no means the case.
Such a slogan collected by the Long March Memorial Hall of Luding, Sichuan often attracts people to stop and watch, and can't help laughing: "You attack, we retreat, you are our transportation team. If you want to destroy our Red Army, unless we doze off." Here, we cannot see the panic and embarrassment of the Red Army soldiers at all, but we can feel the contempt of the Red Army officers and soldiers towards the enemy, their confidence in victory, and their revolutionary optimism in smiling at difficulties everywhere.
In the summer of 1935, the Central Red Army successfully got rid of the enemy. On the march leading to Huili, the vanguard dropped many broken straw sandals along the way. Based on this, Huang Zhen, a propaganda cadre of the Red Army, created "A String of Broken Straw Sands".At the end of the play, the Kuomintang generals " Xue Yue " and "Wu Qiwei" played by the Red Army commanders and fighters each reported to the Chiang Kai-shek with a string of broken straw sandals: "Reporting to the Chairman, the Red Army is full of tricks. We have not found anything, we only picked up a few broken straw sandals!" This play is vivid and humorous, and has become one of the most popular "reserved plays" in the Red Army's Long March.
When the Red Fourth Front Army crossed the Dangling Snow Mountain, it almost reached the point where the ammunition and food were exhausted. In order to inspire the will of the officers and soldiers, the Red Army propaganda team members made quick moves while walking: "Dangling Mountain is high into the clouds, there is no road, no grass, the mountains are high but the insteps of the Red Army, and the snow is thicker than the legs of the Red Army. Comrades, come on, there are hot springs to climb over the snowy mountain." Although the Red Army soldiers were hungry and hungry, they cheered up when they heard this quick move, took care of each other and encouraged each other to climb over the snowy mountain.
slogans, comics, dramas, quick-paced... Once combined with the Long March, these traditional art forms will become loud battle horns and the enlightenment that inspires the revolution. If you didn’t firmly believe that you are engaging in the greatest and most glorious cause in the world, and if you didn’t deeply realize that the bumpy long road will eventually lead to light, how could the Red Army soldiers have such a victorious spirit, and how could they create a miracle in the world of "the wind blows the frozen mud by the sea, and the red flag goes straight to the snow in the Tianshan Mountains" in the arduous journey!
The future of the dark night
On January 7, 1935, the Red Army occupied cities in Zunyi. On the day of the founding of the "Zunyi County Revolutionary Committee", leaders such as Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Bogu personally took the stage to publicize the Red Army's propositions and policies, all about the revolutionary principles of workers and peasants turning over and taking charge of their own country, dividing land, and resisting Japan and saving the country. In the following days, the entire Zunyi became a sea of Red Army slogans and slogans, and the city was filled with singing "Boom boom boom, we are pioneers".
A young Dong ethnic group named Yang Hejun was deeply moved after reading the Red Army slogans and decided to chase the Red Army team that had already set off. Unexpectedly, the news leaked and was killed by the enemy on the way. The villagers found a poem in his relics: "It is normal to go to the market, and the farmers or pedestrians in the village come and go, because there are guides from the red people on the wall, everyone's eyes are on the wall; he is a slogan left by the Red Army, summoning poor peasants to stand up, knock down the local tyrants to share the fields, and carrying guns to drive the Eastern devils out of the ocean."
has such a profound impact on the propaganda of the Red Army, and the Kuomintang, as the opponent, has to be amazed.
On May 14, 1935, the Yunnan National Daily reported: "The propaganda of the Red Bandits cannot be said to be hard-working. Look, the red slogans and green paper are pasted on the walls of each house." Four days later, this newspaper reported again: "Where the Communist Army arrives, no matter on the walls, immediately write the reactionary slogans in red, and paste reactionary flyers and notices."
brings "people's hearts to surrender" to curb the propaganda of the Red Army. Influence, the Director of Civil Affairs of Yunnan issued an order to the places where the Red Army passed: "I heard that there are many slogans in the places where bandits passed... I should quickly instruct the township chief to send people to search everywhere. If you find such slogans, you will tear them off or eradicate them and wash them. Do not leave any traces." When the Red Army was active in southern Sichuan, the Yunnan warlord Liu Xiang ordered all counties in southern Sichuan: "All goods and miscellaneous donations and various miscellaneous donations will be ordered to stop collecting them immediately." Liu Xiang's order was not to reduce the burden on the people, but to "not give bandits an excuse to use money to promote."
Where does the power of the Red Army propaganda come from? What it means is the heart of the people. What the revolution wants to achieve is the people's desire for the future, which has awakened thousands of people and produced a huge appeal.
The victory of the Long March was not only a military victory, but also a political victory. It profoundly confirms a sentence, that is: "The Communist Party defeated the enemy by holding a pen in the left hand and a gun in the right hand."
80 today, the slogans and singing on the Long March have long lost the original killing spirit, and the public opinion propaganda that the Red Army burned with revolutionary passion back then seems to still echo in the time and space of history.
The People's Army has moved from "rebirth in the fire" to "red flags rolling around" and towards the realization of the "deep dream of a strong army". The pen tip and guns must charge together!
Red Army generals and Long March slogans
The brush full of realistic magic brings the inspiring bold words on the mottled wall to our eyes. The journey 80 years ago was both far and near; the soul of the people's army remained unchanged forever. The Chinese painting "The Red Army is an Army that protects the interests of the poor" Jia Fengcai Liang Chuan Xue Yuli's work
The Party and the Red Army attach importance to propaganda work, which is not only reflected in the guiding ideology and leadership policies, but also in the leaders' personal actions.
On February 27, 1935, the General Political Department of the Red Army issued a special order: "Each troops immediately mobilizes everyone in their troops to write with charcoal, brush, large characters, small characters, and on the wall of the house and the door panel, and write at least one piece of the following materials every day."
For this reason, many Red Army generals took the lead in responding to the call, either giving advice, guiding writing, or taking action on their own, leaving many historical stories.
On February 16, 1935, at the home of Jiang Qing, a landlord from Yuhua Township, Gulin, southern Sichuan, Mao Zedong was very happy to see the walls of the board houses full of slogans written by Red Army propagandists. When he read a 27-word shouting, Mao Zedong saw that the sentence was clear, his tone was calm and catchy, and he promoted the policies of the Party and the Red Army, and praised it repeatedly: "Written well! Well written!"
Dong Biwu, among the "Four Elders of the Long March", was constantly on the march, his feet and hands were not stopped. When he encounters a good wall, he will open the ink cartridge, lift up the brush, and write a slogan on it.
Zhu De saw that some soldiers were not able to grasp ethnic policies enough, so he went to the mosque church to talk to its religious leaders and imams, and ordered the propaganda personnel of the Red Fifth Army to write a huge slogan on the wall of the mosque: "The Red Army absolutely protects the interests of the people who come home (military) workers and peasants."
From April 25 to 28, 1936, more than 18,000 people from the Red Second and Red Sixth Army used 7 small boats and dozens of rafts to successfully cross the Jinsha River from 5 ferries between Papaya Village in Shigu Town and Yuhuada in Judian.
Looking at these Red Army soldiers who are about to embark on a new journey, He Long humorously sighed: "Our Red Army successfully crossed the Jinsha River, got rid of the encirclement of tens of thousands of enemy troops, effectively preserved the revolutionary forces, and could go north to meet with the Red Fourth Front Army. Looking back on the way in Yunnan, in addition to thanking the people for their strong support, we should not forget our old opponent Liu Zhengfu, who has always been with us! He has to come and see us now, which is hard enough! Now we are leaving, we can't thank you in person, leave him a word!" Ren Bishi pointed to a large stone wall next to the ferry and said, "Just write it here! In this way, he saw it as soon as he came! Comrades in the propaganda team wrote the slogan and set off immediately."
When the brigade chased the enemy Liu Zhengfu arrived in Shigu Town, the ferry was empty. Facing the two slogans left on the rocks by the river - "Come on Xuanwei and send stone drums, thank you, thank you." "When I came, I received Xuanwei City, and when I left, I sent to Shigudu. I was worried and worried, please go back, please go back." Liu Zhengfu could only be angry and hated and could not do anything.
The figure of women in the Long March propaganda
There is a lyric in "The Red Detachment of Women": "The soldiers have heavy responsibilities and women have deep hatreds", which reflects the survival status of women in old China, as well as the urgency and special significance of "liberation" for women. Nowadays, when we look at the Red Army’s cultural propaganda during the Long March, we will find that this has a special relationship with women.
Many of the Red Army's extensive cultural propaganda during the Long March were specifically targeted at women. For example, if the Red Army propaganda team wanted to mobilize rural women to get up and participate in the struggle, they would edit and sing the "Women's Liberation Song" to get them educated and support the Red Army. When conducting the "Red Expansion" propaganda, the Red Army propaganda team taught to sing "Send a Man to Be the Red Army" and encouraged women to support their husbands in joining the army. In Zunyi, the propaganda team also performed street shows such as "Couple and Wife Fight to Be the Red Army" to promote the progress of couples.
uses women as the object of expression, which is also a major feature of Long March cultural propaganda.Before the main Red Army broke through and moved, the newspaper " Red China " once reported on the glorious deeds of women in Ruijin raising 220,000 taels of funds for the revolution. The compassion and pity for women by "The Miao Girl in Guizhou" created by Huang Zhen, a cultural officer and painter of the General Political Department of the Red Army, can best inspire the blood and heroic feelings of men in the revolutionary team.
Women are not only the objects of Red Army propaganda and expression, but also the main body responsible for the Red Army propaganda tasks. Their performances are more charming, not only bringing joy to the people, but also effectively inspiring the morale of the Red Army.
The troops arrived in Guizhou, and the Red Army and the masses held a bonfire party. Li Bozhao, known as the "battlefield artist", not only served as the host, but also performed Jiangxi mountain songs, Fujian folk songs and Soviet songs and dances that the Red Army commanders and soldiers loved. Cai Chang, the Organization Minister of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee who once studied in France, also sang the French "Marseille Song".
Two female cadres, Kan Siying, the political propaganda team leader of the guerrilla column in the Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou region of the Red Army, and Li Guihong, deputy director of the Political Department, seized all opportunities and played their talents to speak, write and sing. They did a lot of mass propaganda work, which left a deep impression on the Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou region, and were praised by people as "female Red Army propagandist" and "female heroes of the Red Army."
"Red Army Slogan Tree" Times Heart Song
On May 4, 1935, the Red First Division of the Red First Army entered the Jiangyi Township area of Jiangyi Township, Yuanmou County, luring the enemy to cross the Jinsha River to cover the main force to successfully cross the river and complete the strategic transfer of going north to fight against Japan. During this period, the Red Army went deep into various villages to promote the revolutionary spirit. Seeing that the three big trees at the doorstep of the villager Deng Jiafu's house were very thick, they wrote three slogans on the trunks: "Great unity, save the Chinese nation", "Become the Red Army, eliminate local tyrants and evil gentry", and "Great and Middle Red Army". These three trees have since been called the "Red Army Slogan Tree".
After the Red Army withdrew, Deng Jiafu risked the "Communist Communist Party" being killed by the whole family and quietly muddled the Red Army slogans. In order to prevent damage, the old man also found stones to pile around the trunks on the grounds of preparing to build a house. After the founding of New China, the Red Army slogans were able to "see the light of day again."
3 "Red Army Slogan Tree" has undergone a hundred years of changes, but it is still lush, just like the blood inheritance of the people's army for the people.
On August 31, 2008, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurred in Panzhihua, Sichuan, and adjacent Yuanmou County was seriously affected. It is the officers and soldiers of the People's Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force who work hard to rescue disasters so that the lives and property of the people are guaranteed. On September 17 this year, a mudslide caused by heavy rainfall formed a landslide on the Longchuan River tributary of Jinsha River. The lives and property safety of more than 8,000 people in Yuanmou County were threatened. It was another new story of the era of soldiers living in the rain to rescue disasters, and they were close to the people, loving the people and serving the people one after another.
(People's Liberation Army Daily, October 21, 2016, 13th edition)
