When it comes to the Forbidden City, everyone naturally thinks of the Palace Museum in Beijing, but in Taiwan, there is also an Palace Museum , and the museum contains a considerable number of precious cultural relics. What's going on? Let’s talk about Taipei Palace Museum .
Taipei Palace Museum
1. How did the Taipei Palace Museum come from? After the September 18th Incident, Japan invaded China in large numbers. In January 1933, Shanhaiguan fell. For the sake of cultural relics safety, the Palace Museum approved the north to migrate important cultural relics south and transported them to Shanghai in batches.
cultural relics packaged and prepared to migrate south
to May 1933, about 200,000 cultural relics arrived in Shanghai, including calligraphy and painting, porcelain, and bronze ware. , jade and documents. It was transported to Nanjing in 1936. In July 1, , Lugou Bridge Incident broke out. Japan attacked China in full swing and attacked Shanghai in August. For safety, these cultural relics were transported to Sichuan and Chongqing for preservation. After the victory of , the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, it was transported back to Nanjing in 1947.
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With the advancement of the War of Liberation, the National People's Republic of China was defeated. Starting from 1948, the authorities transported the essence of these southern cultural relics to Taiwan. In 1965, the Kuomintang authorities' newly built Palace Museum in Taipei was officially launched. A total of 70 cultural relics were collected and exhibited, including calligraphy and painting, bronze, porcelain, jade, lacquerware , enamel , carvings, stationery, books, documents and other handicrafts.
Cultural relics migrate southward
Due to venue restrictions, the Palace Museum in Taipei can only often exhibit about 5,000 cultural relics. If calculated based on the 5,000 exhibits every three months and 20,000 pieces per year, the 700,000 collections here will take 35 years to display. Therefore, the collection volume is still very huge.
2. The treasure of the Palace Museum in Taipei
01 Western Zhou •Sanshi Pan
sanshi Pan
sanshi Pan and Mao Gongding , Dayu Ding and Guo Ji Zi Pan are called "four major national treasures." The Sanshi dish is 20.6 cm high, diameter: 54.6 cm, weight 21.312 kg. There are 357 characters in the inscriptions on the plate, which record the land contracts of the late Western Zhou Dynasty.
Sanshi Pan was unearthed during the Kangxi period and was collected by the royal family as a tribute during the 2nd year of Jiaqing. The shape and patterns of Sanshi disks are both simple in the style of bronzes in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, and the lines of the characters are twisted and lively, which is an important material for studying bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
02 Western Zhou Dynasty • Mao Gongding
Mao Gongding
Mao Gongding Tong is 53.8 cm high and was unearthed in Zhouyuan, Qishan County, Shaanxi Province during the Daoguang period. During the Anti-Japanese War, it was almost kidnapped by Japan. In 1946, businessman Chen Yongren donated the tripod to the government and was collected and displayed by the Forbidden City in Taipei.
Mao Gong Ding Inscription
Mao Gong Ding has 497 characters inscriptions, which is the most existing bronze inscriptions . In addition to the value of historical materials, Mao Gongding also plays an important role in Chinese ancient philology and calligraphy art.
03 Qing Dynasty • Guiyu Cabbage
Guiyu Cabbage
Jade cabbage, 18.7 cm long, 9.1 cm wide and 5.07 cm thick, is carved from a whole piece of jade, and the green vegetable leaves and white petioles are carved from the natural color of jade. The gray-white parts are carved into a vegetable gang, and two insects are also carved on the vegetable leaves, which means "many children and many grandchildren".
This jade cabbage is the same size as the real cabbage, moisturized and fresh, fresh and lively.
04 Qing Dynasty • Dongpo Pork-shaped stone
Dongpo Pork-shaped stone
Dongpo Pork-shaped stone, length 5.73 cm, width 6.6 cm, thickness 5.3 cm. It is a tribute presented by the Mongolian prince to Kangxi .
Dongpo Pork-shaped stone is a stone similar to agate . After a long period of accumulation, it has different colors layer by layer, forming this Dongpo Pork-shaped stone. Its skin, fat and lean meat are clearly layered, and the pores and texture are extremely realistic, and it looks like a lifelike piece of pork belly.
05 Song Ru Kiln Sky Green No Texture Oval Narcissus Basin
Ru Kiln is an official kiln in the Song Huizong period, and is famous for its color in the world. There are not many works handed down from Ru Kiln, and the Palace Museum in Taipei has about twenty pieces, including this daffodil basin.
Narcissus pot is simple and elegant. Due to repeated glaze application, the glaze layer is slightly thick and has fluidity. The thickness of the glaze layer causes delicate changes in the glaze color and texture of the entire utensil, fully demonstrating the superb porcelain making process in the Song Dynasty.
06 Jin· Wang Xizhi " Quick Snow Time Qing Tie "
Quick Snow Time Qing Tie
"Qiao Snow Time Qing Tie" was called "the best in the world" by the ancients. It was collectively called "Three Xi" by Wang Xianzhi " Mid-Autumn Post " and Wang Xun " Boyuan Post " by Qianlong. It is Qianlong's favorite calligraphy work. For this purpose, Qianlong specially built Sanxitang to treasure them.
"Quick Snow Shiqing Tie" is a copy of Tang Dynasty . Its brushwork is fine double hooks and light ink fills the contour, which basically reflects the vivid and lively style of the original work. This calligraphy is either running or regular, or flowing, and has a unique rhythm. His brushwork is round, vigorous and elegant, and every word shows leisure and leisure.
07 Tang Yan Zhenqing " Commemoration to Nephew "
Commemoration to Nephew
"Commemoration to Nephew" is a cursive work of Yan Zhenqing. It is a tribute written by Yan Zhenqing for his nephew. In the Anshi Rebellion , his nephew Ji Ming was killed by An Lushan . He was extremely sad and angry and could not control himself. He wrote this masterpiece with a letter of faith.
"Memorial to Nephew" is solemn and steep, with a flying spirit, and a round and majestic brushstrokes. It is a rare Tang Dynasty calligraphy work.
08 Song Su Shi "Huangzhou Cold Food Post"
Huangzhou Cold Food Post
" Cold Food Post " and Eastern Jin Wang Xizhi " Lanting Preface " and Yan Zhenqing of the Tang Dynasty's "Draft of Memorial to Nephew" are collectively called "Three Great Running Stories ". This post was originally collected in the Qing Dynasty.
1860, the British and French coalition forces burned the Old Summer Palace , and this post was spread among the people and then flowed into Japan. After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Wang Shijie, Foreign Minister of the National Government, bought it back from Japan for a large amount of money and is now treasured in the Palace Museum in Taipei.
09 th generation • Zhao Gan "Picture of First Snow on the River"
Picture of First Snow on the River
"Picture of First Snow on the River" is made of ink and ink on the silk, 25.9 cm long and 376.5 cm wide, describing the scene of the first snow in the fishing village along the Yangtze River .
The characters in the painting are vivid in their expressions, and the river water patterns are painted with sharp lines, meticulously. Most stones and trees are blended with old and hard texture and ink, showing a refreshing and exciting taste.
10 Song Fan Kuan " Stream Travel Map "
Stream Travel Map
"Stream Travel Map" is a silk ink stroke, 206.3 cm long and 103.3 cm wide. This painting depicts the scenery of the north, with mountains and mountains, and vastness. The waterfall is flowing down like a line between the mountains and valleys, hiding in the abyss of misty clouds and mist.
11 Yuan• Huang Gongwang " Fuchun Mountain Residence Picture " Useless Teacher Volume
Fuchun Mountain Residence Picture
Huang Gongwang is the master of the painting world in the Yuan Dynasty. This painting is a masterpiece of Huang Gongwang's later years and is also the pinnacle of ancient Chinese ink and water landscape painting . It is known as "the orchid in the painting".
This painting has been circulated in hundreds of years since then. After going through vicissitudes, it was burned into two and was hidden in the Palace Museum in Taipei. This part is called "Usual Teacher Volume". The other part is collected in , Zhejiang Museum, , and is called "Remaining Mountain Picture".
12 Song Imperial College issue "Erya"
Imperial College Publishing Book "Erya"
"Erya" is a dictionary scripture. This issue is printed by Southern Song Imperial College Publishing Book and is preserved quite completely. To this day, the publications of the Five Dynasties and Northern Song are rare. This "Er Ya" from the Southern Song Dynasty is a precious lonely book.
The font of "Er Ya" is upright and powerful, with a wide and sparse layout. It is also called the Song Dynasty large-character version, and is a rare masterpiece.
3. Taipei Palace Museum cultural relics are not as good as Beijing Palace Museum
Beijing Palace Museum
people generally believe that the cultural relics moved south of the Palace Museum are all high-quality products. Before the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan, it plundered all the most precious cultural relics to Taiwan. In fact, this statement is untenable. Although the Taipei Palace Museum has 700,000 collections, which is a treasure house of Chinese culture and art, the Beijing Palace Museum has more than 1.5 million collections. The cultural relics moved to Taiwan were mainly bronze, jade and calligraphy and painting, but the cultural relics of the Forbidden City in Beijing were more comprehensive. The collections of the Forbidden City on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, the Forbidden City in Beijing not only have much more collections than the Forbidden City in Taipei, but also have more fine collections in general than the Forbidden City in Taipei.
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi stolen more than 1,200 fine calligraphy and painting works, rare ancient books and a large number of treasures were transported out of the palace, most of which were wandered in mainland China. After the founding of New China, a considerable number of them returned to the Palace Museum in Beijing, such as "Along the River During the Qingming Festival", "Han Xizai Night Banquet Picture ", "Wu Niu Picture ", "Boyuan Tie", "Mid-Autumn Tie", etc.
After the migration of cultural relics to the south, there were quite a few cultural relics left by the Forbidden City in Peking, and there were also many treasures. Due to changes in the war situation, most of the cultural relics that moved south were eventually left in the mainland.
