It is now the annual corn sowing season again. What kind of corn is good to choose this year? How to sow seeds to produce high yields? Recently, the reporter interviewed Dr. Li Zongxin, director of the Cultivation Physiology Department of the Corn Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, an expert in corn cultivation and soil fertilizer in the provincial modern agricultural industry technology system, and chief expert of the "Grain and Economic Feeding" team of the Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project on these issues, and asked him to give guidance to farmers.
Which corn is better to grow this year
Every time the corn sowing season, many growers, especially those with ideas, will consider which corn is better to grow. Li Zongxin introduced that the basic guiding principles for corn production this year are: corn is relatively safe for planting grains, and be cautious in planting fresh corn , special corn and silage corn .
Which varieties are selected specifically? Li Zongxin has recommended a list for everyone. Growers can choose the appropriate varieties according to their actual situation:
Ordinary corn variety can choose Zhengdan 958, Denghai 605, Jundan 20, Longping 206, Jinhai No. 5, Heyu 157, Ludan 818, Bangyu 339, Lianchuang 505, Woyu No. 3, Danyu 405, etc. In addition, Jing Agricultural Science 728, Yudan 9953, Dika 517, Zeyu 8911 and other varieties are more suitable for mechanized harvesting; Jing Agricultural Science 728, Yudan 9953, Dika 517, Zeyu 8911 and other varieties are more suitable for mechanized harvesting; 3
grain and feed varieties include Ludan 9066, Denghai 605, Ludan 258, Dedan No. 5, Ludan 9088, Agricultural University 372, etc.;
glutinous corn varieties include Jingke Nuo 2000, Wannuo 2000, Xixing Wucai Fresh Glutinous, Huangnuo No. 6 , etc.;
sweet corn varieties include Ludan 801, Sweet Jade No. 2, Jinzhongyu, Kupula, Migo , Overlan , etc.
In addition, growers should also consider the actual situation in the local area and make appropriate adjustments:
First, in plain grain-advantage areas with good production foundation, high degree of mechanization, high yield and stable yield, varieties that are suitable for mechanized harvesting are planted. can ensure corn production capacity and reduce costs.
Second, take into account both grain and feed in areas with developed breeding industries. According to the local breeding scale, steadily develop feed or grain and feed for both corn and grass. should not be greedy for too much and seek large size.
The third is the suburbs of the city. Sweet corn, glutinous corn and other fresh corn can be planted in moderation according to the local market and consumption capacity. can carry out deep processing if conditions permit to extend the industrial chain.
Fourth, large-scale growers can appropriately implement intercropping or rotation of grain and oil crops, and appropriately carry out pilot projects of diversified planting models such as corn, soybeans, corn and peanuts to achieve the effect of growing land.
Things to note before sowing corn
Before sowing, Li Zongxin specifically reminds everyone to pay attention to some things:
First, plan in advance and prepare agricultural supplies. We must adhere to the stable planting of granular corn to ensure corn production capacity and control production risks; steadily plant silage corn and fresh corn according to local market demand and consumption capacity, and guide the development of order planting. We must prepare material support and technical emergency plans in advance to ensure accurate seeds. Especially for large grain growers and cooperatives, they should have plans, contact them in advance, and prepare good seeds and fertilizers in advance. Do not wrap 1-2 corn varieties, but should be matched with multiple varieties and multiple sowing periods; they should communicate with each other and prepare the required fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural materials in a "bundled manner".
The second is to prepare for agricultural machinery operations . During the epidemic prevention and control period, the importance of agricultural machinery operations is further highlighted. Cooperatives, especially agricultural machinery social service organizations, should prepare for the maintenance and maintenance of agricultural machinery such as tillage and planting machines, seeders, etc. in advance, and train more than annual agricultural machinery operators to ensure that agricultural machinery and professional machinery operators are put into production in a good state. We must actively connect with large grain growers and most small farmers without their own agricultural machinery, and carry out farming and planting services.
Third, reasonably determine the sowing period and accurately sow. What should be noted in is that fresh corn should be isolated and planted: the space isolation must be at least 200 meters away from other corn, and the time isolation must be at least 25 days apart from other types of corn. For the same variety, you can consider sowing a crop every 10 days or so, and it can be launched in batches. However, it is necessary to plant it reasonably and not to be greedy for too many people. It is necessary to ensure the commercial nature of the harvested corn ears.Sweet corn is generally 3,500-4,000 plants per mu. The planting density of glutinous corn can be appropriately higher, but it should not exceed 4,500 plants per mu.
Another thing is that you must do a good job of accurate and simultaneous sowing of fertilizers and medicines to ensure the quality of sowing. There are two points to remind you here. First, our seeders or farmer operators must adapt to live streaming of stubble. They must remind farmers to debug the seeders and play the role of the contour device to ensure the consistency of depth and shallowness; second, the germination potential of glutinous corn or sweet corn seeds is relatively weak. If the soil moisture is not good, it is best to make moisture in advance. Do not water the head after sowing, as it may easily lead to soil solidification and affect seedling emergence.
Key technologies for corn planting
1. Accurate and sowing fertilizers. In corn production, seven parts of the seeds and three parts of the pipes, high-quality sowing is the basis for a bumper harvest. First of all, you must choose the right seeds, choose the right fertilizer, and choose the right supporting seeds.
kinds of corn. Li Zongxin recommends that you choose corn-specific slow-release fertilizer or stability fertilizer. It is recommended to apply corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer 28-7-9 or similar formula; if ordinary compound fertilizer is used, the side-deep or layered fertilization method can be used.
No-till sowing, you can choose the joint industry machinery for no-till sowing and fertilization of corn to realize joint industry such as stubble clearing, ditching, sowing, fertilization, soil covering and suppression.
stubble-killing fertilization seeds, you can choose rotary tilling fertilization seedlings or seedling belt rotary tilling fertilization seeds. Li Zongxin specifically reminds everyone that the first vegetation is wheat, and it is best to use a combined harvester with straw chopping and sprinkling functions to harvest wheat. At the same time, the straw is chopped and returned to the field. The straw is chopped and returned to the field. The cutting length is ≤10 cm, the cutting length pass rate is ≥95%, the sprinkling uneven rate is ≤20%, the leakage cutting rate is ≤1.5%, and the stubble height is ≤20 cm.
In addition, be sure to pay attention to the isolation of planting fertilizers, the same is true for corn special fertilizers; the space between the sowing rows and the fertilization rows is more than 8 cm, and the fertilization depth is more than 5 cm below the seeds.
2. Reasonable and dense planting. should vary from seed to place, and do not plant it with one ruler. The suitable planting density of most varieties is between 4,000 and 4,500 plants per mu, and the seeding density can be appropriately increased by about 10%. However, in addition to high-yield research and development, it should not be higher than 4,800 plants. Too high density is prone to lodging and reducing production, and its ability to withstand high temperatures and other disasters will also become weaker. Therefore, reasonable dense planting must be debugged with seeds corresponding varieties to ensure that the planting density is within a reasonable range and reduce risks.
3. Light and simple green management. actively promotes green management technologies such as chemical weeding, water and fertilizer integration, chemical flight prevention or biological pest control, to improve the degree of mechanization of corn production and reduce cost investment. For example, the red-eyed bee green prevention and control technology developed by the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences is particularly suitable for the prevention and control of pests and diseases of fresh corn such as glutinous corn and sweet corn. It has a low cost and is green and ecological. It is very simple to operate, which is to place about 15 red-eyed bee plates per mu, and the cost is not high, and one mu of land is less than 10 yuan.
4. Wheat-corn double-night technology. currently mainly promotes corn varieties with a breeding period of about 110 days. The late harvest of corn is postponed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late October, improving grain maturity and commodity quality, reducing moisture content, and conducive to mechanized harvesting. Late sowing of wheat can reduce the risk of warm winter growth.
5. Rational farming and build a healthy farming layer. Before sowing wheat, carry out deep pine or deep tillage operations in conjunction with land preparation, once every 2-3 years. Cooperatives or family farms with conditions can be divided into 3 areas, and the tillage is gradually thickened to lay a solid foundation for the continuous high yield of wheat and corn. The main function of deep pine is to loosen the soil, break the bottom layer of the plow, and enhance the speed and quantity of precipitation infiltration.
Source: Rural Volkswagen
(The picture is from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact us to delete it)
Sweet corn is generally 3,500-4,000 plants per mu. The planting density of glutinous corn can be appropriately higher, but it should not exceed 4,500 plants per mu.Another thing is that you must do a good job of accurate and simultaneous sowing of fertilizers and medicines to ensure the quality of sowing. There are two points to remind you here. First, our seeders or farmer operators must adapt to live streaming of stubble. They must remind farmers to debug the seeders and play the role of the contour device to ensure the consistency of depth and shallowness; second, the germination potential of glutinous corn or sweet corn seeds is relatively weak. If the soil moisture is not good, it is best to make moisture in advance. Do not water the head after sowing, as it may easily lead to soil solidification and affect seedling emergence.
Key technologies for corn planting
1. Accurate and sowing fertilizers. In corn production, seven parts of the seeds and three parts of the pipes, high-quality sowing is the basis for a bumper harvest. First of all, you must choose the right seeds, choose the right fertilizer, and choose the right supporting seeds.
kinds of corn. Li Zongxin recommends that you choose corn-specific slow-release fertilizer or stability fertilizer. It is recommended to apply corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer 28-7-9 or similar formula; if ordinary compound fertilizer is used, the side-deep or layered fertilization method can be used.
No-till sowing, you can choose the joint industry machinery for no-till sowing and fertilization of corn to realize joint industry such as stubble clearing, ditching, sowing, fertilization, soil covering and suppression.
stubble-killing fertilization seeds, you can choose rotary tilling fertilization seedlings or seedling belt rotary tilling fertilization seeds. Li Zongxin specifically reminds everyone that the first vegetation is wheat, and it is best to use a combined harvester with straw chopping and sprinkling functions to harvest wheat. At the same time, the straw is chopped and returned to the field. The straw is chopped and returned to the field. The cutting length is ≤10 cm, the cutting length pass rate is ≥95%, the sprinkling uneven rate is ≤20%, the leakage cutting rate is ≤1.5%, and the stubble height is ≤20 cm.
In addition, be sure to pay attention to the isolation of planting fertilizers, the same is true for corn special fertilizers; the space between the sowing rows and the fertilization rows is more than 8 cm, and the fertilization depth is more than 5 cm below the seeds.
2. Reasonable and dense planting. should vary from seed to place, and do not plant it with one ruler. The suitable planting density of most varieties is between 4,000 and 4,500 plants per mu, and the seeding density can be appropriately increased by about 10%. However, in addition to high-yield research and development, it should not be higher than 4,800 plants. Too high density is prone to lodging and reducing production, and its ability to withstand high temperatures and other disasters will also become weaker. Therefore, reasonable dense planting must be debugged with seeds corresponding varieties to ensure that the planting density is within a reasonable range and reduce risks.
3. Light and simple green management. actively promotes green management technologies such as chemical weeding, water and fertilizer integration, chemical flight prevention or biological pest control, to improve the degree of mechanization of corn production and reduce cost investment. For example, the red-eyed bee green prevention and control technology developed by the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences is particularly suitable for the prevention and control of pests and diseases of fresh corn such as glutinous corn and sweet corn. It has a low cost and is green and ecological. It is very simple to operate, which is to place about 15 red-eyed bee plates per mu, and the cost is not high, and one mu of land is less than 10 yuan.
4. Wheat-corn double-night technology. currently mainly promotes corn varieties with a breeding period of about 110 days. The late harvest of corn is postponed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late October, improving grain maturity and commodity quality, reducing moisture content, and conducive to mechanized harvesting. Late sowing of wheat can reduce the risk of warm winter growth.
5. Rational farming and build a healthy farming layer. Before sowing wheat, carry out deep pine or deep tillage operations in conjunction with land preparation, once every 2-3 years. Cooperatives or family farms with conditions can be divided into 3 areas, and the tillage is gradually thickened to lay a solid foundation for the continuous high yield of wheat and corn. The main function of deep pine is to loosen the soil, break the bottom layer of the plow, and enhance the speed and quantity of precipitation infiltration.
Source: Rural Volkswagen
(The picture is from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact us to delete it)
