movie " Changjinhu " set many box office records in Chinese film history. Historically, in the extremely cold weather at minus 40 degrees Celsius, soldiers of the 9th Corps of the Volunteer Army defeated the US military armed with sufficient supplies of teeth and supplies with their carry-on light weapons and extremely tenacious will.
However, victory is by no means without a price. The 9th Corps of the Volunteer Army, which was bloody in Changjin Lake, took more than four months of rest and recuperation after the war before recovering. However, less than two years after the Battle of Changjin Lake ended, the supply of materials has been greatly improved in the 43-day repeated battle. How did the change of
happen?
1. "Thousands of thousands of items, the first item of transportation"
In the long-term revolutionary war, our army has continued the logistics support model of "small millet plus rifles, warehouses on the front line", relying on the enthusiasm of the people to support the front, and achieved victory after victory. However, this set of effective logistics support methods in China cannot adapt to the needs of fighting modern wars with powerful enemies in foreign countries.
After the volunteer army entered North Korea, the biggest difference between supply and during the civil war period was that the equipment required was basically unable to be taken from the enemy, and the supply of food and clothing could basically not be taken from the local people, and everything was all based on the supply from the rear.
Since enemy planes are constantly implementing strict air blockade day and night behind the Volunteer Army, the forward transportation of materials is extremely difficult. From the first batch of volunteers crossing the Yalu River to the second battle in the mobile warfare stage, in just over a month, only about 260 cars left by the volunteers entered North Korea due to air raids and overturns.
This has led to a serious shortage of supply of troops' food and bullets and winter clothes. The 9th Corps of the Volunteer Army located in the Changjin Lake War Zone on the eastern front could only wear thin southern cotton coats and chew frozen potatoes to fight. The frostbite and crew reduction alone reached about 30,000.
Volunteer Army Commander Peng Dehuai (first from left) presided over an operational meeting on the North Korean front line and deployed the combat plan
In the third battle, the food supplied from the rear could only meet about one-quarter of the demand of the volunteer army, and the shortage could only be negotiated with the North Korean government and temporarily borrowed from the masses. After reaching the 37th Line, the front-line troops could only rely on digging a small amount of cellars in the south to store food, so they could barely have porridge to drink.
1 On April 8, 11951, enemy planes blew up 1,700 tons of military rations, 170 tons of soybean oil, and 400,000 sets of summer military uniforms transported by us at Sandeng Railway Station. The unprecedented loss of supplies not only made our army's supply worse, but also made the Eastern Front troops still wear cotton coats until May of that year. Because the weather was too hot, the commanders and soldiers could only take out the cotton from the cotton coats.
The painful lessons learned in the early days of the dynasty, which made the Central Military Commission and Peng Dehuai quickly improve their understanding of the importance of logistics work. After learning from the pain, the Central Military Commission and Peng Dehuai made a decision: we must solve the problem of logistics support. A series of effective logistics support improvement measures summarized from practice were quickly adopted, and "thousands of thousands of items are the first item to transport" became the consensus of the entire army.
After that, the entire Northeast China region became the strategic rear of the Volunteer Army, and the General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army, the Northeast Military Region and the local party and government departments in the Northeast were responsible for implementing the support; from the south bank of the Yalu River to the front line, the rear of the Volunteer Army's battle, the Volunteer Army Logistics Department was responsible for implementing the support; the rear area of the various armies and divisions of the Volunteer Army was the tactical rear, and the logistics departments of each army were responsible for implementing the support.
By the fall of 1951, the troops under the Logistics Command of the Volunteer Army increased to 220,000 people and had 8,400 cars. Each army has a stretcher group, a transportation group, 3 to 4 hospitals, and has more than 4,000 logistics support personnel. After the Volunteer Army moved into position defense, the number of rear troops increased greatly and was equipped in stairs according to the combat direction. A variety of comprehensive equipment is implemented in the military station, so that the military station has comprehensive support capabilities such as loading and unloading, guarding, custody and medical care.
By mobilizing the entire army to build roads and widen the road surface, by By early 1952, the mesh transportation lines in northern North Korea were basically formed. Even if the US military concentrated fighter jets paralyzed some nodes in the transportation network, the volunteers can still ensure supply through detours.
A certain automobile repair squad soldier in the Volunteer Army used the work gap to find various parts that could be used in scrap iron
Volunteer Army Railway Corps, Transportation Force, Air Defense Force launched a tenacious struggle with the extremely rampant US fighter jets, gathering the hard work, wisdom, sweat and even life of countless people. Finally, the transportation channel from Northeast China to the frontier of the Korean battlefield has been built into a "steel transportation line that can't be beaten and cannot be blown up."
By the late autumn of 1951, the US military was frustrated to find that the volunteers actually put on thick and warm winter clothes earlier than themselves, and then admitted in shame that the so-called "air strangulation war" had suffered a shameful failure.
The construction and improvement of the modern logistics support system allows the massive amount of combat materials produced and raised by the people of the motherland to be delivered to the frontline soldiers in a steady stream. The Volunteer Army not only no longer needs to "count the ammunition" to fight, but also completely bid farewell to the fried noodles, and the living standards have been continuously improved, and the nutritional status and physical fitness of the commanders and soldiers have been continuously improved. The entire army has always maintained high fighting spirit.
2. The guaranteed Shangganling
Specifically for Shangganling Battle . Before the war, the logistics of the 15th Army implemented support for Pingkang and Wusheng Mountain, and made key configurations on the front line: was arranged in the Dagu area near Xipu with the 3rd Soldier Station, the 1st Medical Center, the 2nd Motor Corps and the Armory to ensure the combat of the 44th Division; the 1st Soldier Station, the 3rd Medical Center, and the 1st Motor Corps (42 cars) were arranged near the county to ensure the combat of the 45th and 29th Divisions; the 2nd Soldier Station and the 2nd Medical Center were arranged near Jiangshuiba to ensure the power of mobile support. Two stretcher companies were strengthened to the 44th and 45th divisions respectively, and two surgical teams were extended to the ganggu and Neipongguan to assist the 45th division in carrying out the treatment of the wounded.
5 Army logistics adopts relay transportation, sectional contracting, and forward delivery step by step: Army logistics transports materials to the division warehouse mainly by cars; division logistics transports materials to the regiment warehouse mainly by large trucks; regiment logistics transports materials to the battalion's grain and ammunition mainly by pack horses; battalion draws ammunition from the machine gun company and more than 20 people including ammunition workers to form a transportation team to transport materials to each company and platoon position (tree). The command post behind the 145th Division is located in Shangchidong, and the logistics teams such as the division's ammunition database, , supply warehouse, medical center, carriage company, stretcher battalion, construction company and other logistics teams are located nearby. Before the war, the division prepared a total of 45 large trucks and 441 pack horses, and 2,311 people were ready to take on the front line transportation work at any time.
Tang Zhanghong, during the Battle of Shangganling, he relied on an 82mm mortar in his hand to kill more than 420 enemies
Before the battle, the 15th army had complete weapons and sufficient ammunition reserves: the average number of various guns and bullets was 5 to 11 bases of various types of shells, and 114,000 grenades (including anti-tank grenades ).
5 The army is equipped with ammunition according to the principle of being heavy in front and being light in the back. Bullets: Except for the army with a base of 0.25 to 0.5, the rest of the troops below the division are stored. Among them, there are 3 to 20 bases for each line, and 2 to 4 bases for each line.
shells: Except for the army that has 0.4 to 1 base, the rest of the troops below the division are stored. Among them, each line of the first line contains 4 to 22 bases, and each line of the first line contains 2 to 4 bases.
grenade (including anti-tank grenade): Except for the 29,500 troops in the army, the rest are left below the division. Among them, 8,000 pieces are stored in each line, and 6,000 to 8,100 pieces are stored in each line.
5 The army reserved 3 months (1 month for each military, division, and regiment) for supplies before the war. Among them, the front tunnel will store staple food for 14 days (including 7-day dry food), 15-day side food, and 7-day drinking water. In addition, the Military Logistics Department sent people back to China to purchase 737 live sheep, 1,660 chickens, about 7,000 kilograms of eggs, 10,000 barrels of milk powder, 26,000 kilograms of white sugar, 50,000 boxes of lotus root powder, and 500 kilograms of fruit candy for the injured to eat.
1952, the 15th Army had already issued winter clothes. The whole army stored 5855 sets of blood clothes, 5830 blood quilts, and 1380 white robe clothes. Except for the 45th Division's stock of 1,700 sets of blood clothes, 1,220 beds of blood quilts and 1,310 white robe clothes, the rest were sent to the military and division medical centers.
(Note: "Blood Clothes" refers to the laundry prepared by the military health department for the wounded; "Blood Clothes" refers to the cold quilt prepared for the wounded; "White Clothes" is a sleeping bag made of double-layer white cloth, specially used for burial of martyrs' bodies)
Oil reserve, the car is calculated as 6 barrels per month for transport vehicles and 4 barrels per month for artillery tractors, and the 15th Army has a total of 1 month for oil storage.
In terms of health care support, the 15th Army is ready to treat 10,000 wounded people. The 5 Division Rescue Station has built a residence that can accommodate 765 wounded people and prepared 988 stretchers. In terms of medicinal materials, the military and division medical centers each reserve 2,000 people, the first tier team reserve 1,500 people, and the second tier team reserve 1,200 people. Each health officer is given 30 first aid kits, and each soldier is given 3 to 5 first aid kits.
In addition, the 15th Army also generally conducted self-rescue and mutual rescue training for the company. The division and the group trained health workers and stretchers. The camp trained health soldiers. The 45th Division established a military medical training class, and concentrated medical assistance to the above-mentioned cadres for one month.
3. Race against time and send back
Although the 15th Army has sufficient logistics resources, the focus of pre-war support is on defense operations in the direction of Pingkang and limited counterattacks to the south of Dongnan. On October 14, 1952, the enemy suddenly turned to the direction of Shangganling and Wusheng Mountain to launch a large-scale attack, which once caused our army's passive logistics work. However, our army's battlefield adjustment speed is quite fast.
1952, during the Battle of Shangganling, volunteer soldiers who were stuck in the tunnel collected the seepage on the rock walls
On the evening of October 14, the 15th Army changed the 134th Regiment, originally scheduled to counterattack, from the main attack regiment to the reserve team. The army formed an artillery command post, unified the command of artillery groups that quickly maneuvered to the Shangganling direction, and fully supported the infantry combat. Except for the 3rd Army Station, the 1st Medical Center, the 2nd Automobile Team, and the Armory of the 44th Division, all the remaining logistics forces were put into the direction of Shangganling. In addition to timely replenishing the ammunition consumed by each regiment, the Logistics Office of the 145th Division also raised the ammunition reserves of the 134th Regiment to the standard of the first line of regiments; the division's transportation force first ensures the forward delivery of ammunition; 5 cars of the 35th Battalion of the EMG were transferred to the transportation between divisions and regiments. In order to strengthen the transportation force on the front line, a stretcher transportation company of the 135th Regiment was strengthened, and forces were organized to repair the road from Deshanxian to Zhangu, and designated the rescue station of the 133rd Regiment to be the transfer station for the wounded midway.
In view of the unprecedented battle situation in Shangganling and the huge material consumption, the Volunteer Army Command decided that in addition to the daily consumption and supply of the second branch, the ammunition required for the operation of Shangganling was allocated two bases of ammunition reserves to the 15th Army, and approved the use of 110,000 artillery shells prepared for counterattacking the Nanshan Mountain of Zhuzidong. The Logistics Department of the Volunteer Army decided to transfer 2 companies of the 7th Regiment, 1 stretcher battalion of the 2nd Division, and 9 ambulances from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Divisions to the Logistics Department of the 15th Army, and designated the 9th largest station to the 15th Army to regularly reserve 10 bases of various shells for the 15th Army to supplement combat needs at any time.
5 Army Logistics Department approved the 45th Division to transfer all the ammunition, supplies and equipment prepared for counterattacking the south mountain of Zhuzidong to the Shangganling direction, and added the division's reserves of 3 bases of various shells, 2 bases of submachine gun bullets, and 1 base of 1 base of pedal gun bullets.
5th Division stretcher battalion and 1 company of the teaching battalion are responsible for the retrial of the wounded from Zhangu to Zongtiedong. The military stretcher company is responsible for the Zongtidong to Nei Songguan, and the North Korean migrant workers stretcher team strengthens the sending force. The role of the
Stretcher troops cannot be ignored.
In battle, rescuing wounded people often requires a huge price to save them. There have been cases where 7 ambulance personnel were sacrificed to rescue one wounded person.However, even the wounded people who have been rescued through a lot of hardships need to break through the five fixed blockade points of enemy planes and multiple artillery blockade areas, walk two or three kilometers of mountain road to send the wounded people to the battalion bandage site, and then send them to the regiment rescue site for classification after simple treatment, and then transfer them to the division medical center or military field hospital for different injuries.
On average 70 hours were taken from the line of fire to the regiment rescue center, and on average 96 hours were taken to the division medical center, which was much more than the time required for field surgery. Many wounded people stopped breathing during the evacuation.
During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, a medical staff rescued the wounded in artillery fire
In order to speed up the speed of the wounded's retreat, the Military Logistics Department set up a contact station for the back-sending wounded near the 45th Division's ambulance center. adopts the method of forward reception step by step and back-segmented in segments. In addition to using the return vehicle, 9 ambulances were also concentrated to be responsible for the back-delivery of the injured from Nei Songguan to Zhijiao, the strengthened stretcher battalion was responsible for the back-delivery of the injured from Nei Songguan to Liangshuangling, and the front team of the military combat service was responsible for the back-delivery of the injured from Liangshuangling to Xipu, which was connected with the back-delivery of the 45th Division. After efforts, the forward and later delivery situation in the direction of Shangganling has been significantly improved.
In order to complete the forward delivery mission of 50,000 shells before dawn on October 19, the logistics of the 45th Division concentrated its efforts on the 18th to assault the ammunition. In addition to the 10 cars and all carriages and pack horses controlled by the division logistics, some cars from the 35th Battalion of the Anti-Aircraft Artillery were also drawn, and a large number of ammunition was sent to Tanggu and Shuitaili with the cover of heavy morning fog, shortening the distance for manpower transportation. All the division's direct team and the agency personnel were put into the front line of transportation and completed the task of transporting counterattack ammunition on time.
7:00 on the 119th, the 45th Division successfully fought back. The division and regiment logistics accompanied the counterattack team to transport ammunition and supplies to the front tunnel, organized forces to rescue the wounded on the position, recovered abandoned weapons and ammunition from both sides of the enemy and us, and transported them back to the wounded in the tunnel.
4. One Apple sold more than 20 people
-29, the Shangganling Battle entered the second stage. The frontier troops of the Volunteer Army turned into the tunnel and insisted, while the rear tried their best to accumulate strength for a large-scale counterattack.
Although the supply of materials for the volunteer army who adhered to Shangganling has been improved, in the tunnel struggle, due to its long-term and arduous nature, the resources of some troops of our army have gradually been stretched.
This is mainly because the number of people in the tunnel is increasing. The force of a tunnel has increased from 1 platoon to 2 to 3 platoons, and some tunnels even have as many as 16 established units. In addition, the US military used favorable terrain to use toxic means such as building blockades, blocking stones, bombing and blasting, cutting off water sources, and releasing poison gas on the volunteers, and the food of the volunteers gradually cut off.
In order to solve the food problem of the troops that insist on the tunnel, the 15th Army and the 45th Division purchased 80,000 kilograms of apples and 10,000 kilograms of radishes, mobilized the army, division organs and direct troops to steam 50,000 kilograms of steamed buns, concentrated the rear troops to fill the water bottles with boiling water, and organized personnel to transport them to the front tunnel.
However, during the Battle of Shangganling, the US military intensive artillery bombing, the US military poured more than 1.9 million artillery shells and more than 5,000 bombs to this place less than 3.7 square kilometers. made the casualty rate of fire-line transportation at this stage reach more than 50%, and even reached 90% at one point, which also led to limited supplies and drinking water transport.
transporters transport supplies in the rain of bullets
Volunteer Army veteran Gao Quangui recalled, "The mountain on Shangganling was cut down by two meters. After grabbing a handful of soil, there were more than 30 shrapnel inside." He was ordered to lead the seven soldiers of the communication squad to transport apples and radishes to Shangganling.
"Under the cover of tank , we arrived at the foot of the mountain at Shangganling. The foot of the mountain was less than 500 meters away from the main peak, and the farthest distance was no more than 1,000 meters. In this short distance, more than 2,000 people died in our army.Especially the 50 meters close to the tunnel were completely exposed to the fire blockade of the US military. One of our soldiers died and fell one by one in front of me. There were their blood on my clothes at that time..."
Finally, Gao Quangui climbed four or five meters away from the target tunnel entrance. Suddenly, a shell fell behind him. He and the apple on his back were blown into the tunnel by the heat wave. , two wounds on his body, but he sent apples to his comrades.
Because it is difficult to deliver materials in advance, many touching stories happened during the army's persistence in the tunnel.
There was an apple that went through thousands of difficulties and was sent into the tunnel that the 7th Company of the 135th Regiment was held. There were more than 20 in the tunnel. A commander and fighter. Company commander Zhang Jifa handed the apple to the arch-talk pilot Li Xinmin and asked the arch-talk pilot to eat it separately, because the arch-talk pilot pilot called out every day and needed moisture the most. After discussing the case, the arch-talk pilot pilots believed that the most needed water was the seriously injured, and gave the apple to the seriously injured correspondent Lan Baofa. Lan Baofa said that the company commander was too hard to command the war After a lot of pain, the apple was returned to Zhang Jifa. Zhang Jifa handed the apple to the cell clerk again, department clerk to the sanitary staff again, and the sanitary staff gave Lan Baofa again... After a long walk, Apple returned to Zhang Jifa's hands.
Finally, Zhang Jifa red eyes and gave a hard command: "We all eat it, one bite, we must eat it! "One person, after one mouthful, after turning around, there was still half of the Apple left. This true story was later included in the primary school textbook.
Zhang Jifa, a native of Zanhuang in Hebei, is the prototype of the character of the company commander Zhang Zhongfa in the movie "Shangganling"
In order to improve transportation efficiency and better support the frontier troops to stick to the tunnel, the 45th Division held a fire line transportation meeting on October 24. In response to the law of enemy artillery blockade, formulated a set of fire line transportation organization methods:
First, in terms of task distinction, adopt unified organization, segmented relay, and quantitative contracting Method.
Second, in the organization of human transportation, the principles of scattered, light, fine, sharp and hard are adopted. Scattered means that the scale of the transportation team should be small and multiple scattered transportation; light means that the volume should not be too large, and each person should be 20 kilograms; fine means that the team should be capable and have combat effectiveness; sharp means that the formation should be smaller as the forward direction, especially when transporting materials to the tunnel should be in a group; hard means that the transportation personnel should be strong and have strong ideological style.
Third, all transporters remember the terrain, tunnel orientation, and position number of the transportation area, transport the wounded and take into account communication tasks on the return journey.
Fourth, transporters should enter the transport personnel Targeted tactical training is required to master the tactical actions of individual soldiers and groups through enemy artillery blockades and movements under enemy fire, master the handling methods and judging the direction of enemy flares and searchlights and , and distinguishing the direction of enemy fire.
Fifth, the tunnel team formed a transport team mainly composed of ordnance personnel, responsible for transporting ammunition to surface positions, carrying the wounded, collecting abandoned materials, and providing mutual support between tunnels.
While strengthening the logistics of the fire line transportation, our army also used active tactical counterattack to cover the fire line transportation. 33 Regiment implemented the Beishan Mountain in the 537.7 highland on October 23 Counterattack, cover the logistics team to reach the frontier through the line of fire, so that most of the tunnels in the position were supplies and successfully sent to the wounded.
5. Half of the military medals are
After a period of accumulation of strength, our army is scheduled to start a decisive counterattack on October 30. Volunteer Army Logistics Department 2 The 6th, 28th Soldier Hospital, 17th and 13th Soldier Hospitals of the Branch have been put into combat support.
1660 tons of ammunition transferred from the 1, 4 and 5th branches of the Volunteer Army Logistics Department were sent from 417 cars to the 2nd Soldier Station of the 15th Army located in Jiangshuiwan, ensuring that each artillery of the 15th Army can receive 300 shells per day.The 12th Army's participating troops and the strengthened artillery units are uniformly supported by the Logistics Department of the 15th Army. The Logistics Department of the 15th Army put all four automobile companies (troops) under its jurisdiction into transportation in the Shangganling direction.
In order to complete the transportation task on time, the Logistics Department of the 15th Army carried out daytime transportation of automobiles under the cover of two anti-aircraft artillery regiments and one anti-aircraft artillery battalion. 7mm anti-aircraft gun was pulled up to the mountain, increasing the shooting height and shooting range. In the coordinated air shooting of the Infantry and machine guns, , the 15th Army shot down and injured many enemy artillery correction aircraft, knocking down the enemy artillery's eyes and ears, forcing the enemy aircraft to not dare to fly low, and the threat to our transportation line was greatly reduced.
During the Battle of Shangganling, the anti-aircraft artillery troops of the Volunteer Army violently fired enemy planes at night
car segment transportation also increased from 2 trips per night to 10 to 12 trips per day. At the same time, after the sudden repair, the road conditions improved greatly. The car could deliver the transported materials directly to the artillery positions and regiment material transfer stations, further shortening the distance of manpower transportation and greatly improving transportation efficiency.
Starting from October 26, the 15th Army dispatched 1 battalion of the 85th Regiment and 2 battalions of the 86th Regiment to transport ammunition, and mobilized a large number of officers to participate in the front line transportation. According to statistics, there are 8,566 personnel on the 15 arms line transporters, with an average of 1 regiment fighting and 2 regiment support.
The decisive counterattack started as scheduled on the evening of October 30. During the 9 and a half hours of counterattack and consolidation of positions, the 15th Army set the highest daily ammunition consumption in the Shangganling Battle: more than 300,000 bullets, more than 230,000 grenades and grenades, 2,260 html blasting barrels, and 21,000 artillery shells.
Because the rocks on the frontier positions were broken into loose soil more than 1 meter thick, they could not build fortifications, and the lethality of ordinary grenades was greatly reduced. The Volunteer Army Headquarters immediately mobilized 144 trucks of grenades, grenades and other ammunition from the relatively calm Western Front troops. The logistics personnel of the 145th Division tried every means to collect 2,000 sacks. The transporters on the line of fire took advantage of the short night before dawn to send the batch of ammunition and sacks to the high ground.
In the third phase of the Shangganling Battle, that is, the battle to consolidate the position from October 30 to November 25, the Logistics Department of the 15th Army sent 70 to 80 cars of ammunition every day. In order to speed up the speed of forward transport and later delivery, the army set up a forward ammunition depot in Songguanxian on November 5 to shorten the ammunition supply line below the division. The transport teams on the front line of the fire were blocked by the enemy's fierce artillery fire, and delivered urgently needed materials such as aggravated grenades and sacks to the position day and night, ensuring the smooth progress of the battle. After the
2 Army entered the Shangganling battle, the Logistics Department of the 15th Army and the Logistics Department of the 12th Army jointly formed a forward army station in Neipongguan to implement unified command and centralized support. The two armies agreed that the combat troops will change shifts, and the original logistics agencies at all levels will not evacuate for the time being and will continue to be responsible for supply; when the forward troops change shifts, all materials required for combat will be transferred and no positions will be allowed; all support for the new participating troops will be arranged first. In order to speed up the treatment of the injured in the 97.9 highland , the volunteers not only strengthened the back-transfer force on the front line, but also the health teams of the 91st, 92nd and 86th regiments opened a joint rescue center in Zhangu to uniformly reclaim the wounded.
From November 25, the 597.9 highland and 537.7 highland of Shangganling had resumed its pre-war situation. The enemy was unable to counterattack again, and the volunteers won the final victory.
During the Battle of Shangganling, the logistics of the Volunteer Army supplied a total of 16,178 tons of materials and consumed 11,074 tons of various materials. Among them, 5,077 tons of ammunition were consumed, 886 tons of oil was consumed, and 4,658 tons of main and non-staple food were loaded. Among the ammunition consumed, there are 5.04 million bullets of various types, 450,000 shells of various types, 235,000 wooden handle grenades, more than 50,000 aggravated grenades, more than 15,000 Soviet-made anti-tank grenades, 2512 anti-tank mines, 5,984 blasting barrels, and 2,917 kilograms of explosives. html consumed so much ammunition on two company-level positions in 145 days, which was unimaginable in the previous history of our army.
During the Battle of Shangganling, the Volunteer Army sent a total of 8,566 personnel (including 3,491 people in the 45th Division, 1,635 people in the 29th Division, 2,540 people in the 31st Division, and 900 people in the Logistics Department of the 15th Army), 809 horses (560 horses in the 45th Division, 249 horses in the 29th Division), 87 trucks (45 cars in the 45th Division, 42 cars in the 29th Division), 229 cars (27 cars in the 45th Division, 13 cars in the 29th Division, 11 cars in the 31st Division, and 178 cars in the Logistics Department of the 15th Army). In addition, 805 North Korean stretcher teams participated in the live line transportation starting from October 19. By mid-November, they dispatched 750 pairs of stretchers and transported back more than 700 wounded volunteers.
According to statistics, during the Battle of Shangganling, the volunteer army sacrificed more than 7,100 people, injured more than 8,500 people, and suffered a total of 15,600 casualties. 15% of them were logistics transport personnel.
Looking at the strong logistical support during the Battle of Shangganling, the volunteer army has improved from "less steel and more gas" in the early days of the entry of North Korea to "more gas and more steel." In the heavy military medal, half of the front-line soldiers who killed the enemy in blood and half of the unknown volunteer army's logistics front commanders and soldiers.
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