The Past Life of Yichang No. 5 Middle School (Part 1)
Text | Wang Nianshi
This article was first published by the Sanxia Radio and Television Public Account
Some time ago, including the author, the children of several faculty and staff of the founding era, including the author, had the urge to write about the common experiences of their predecessors, so they rummaged through boxes and cabinets to find information, seeking help everywhere to find files. However, they uncovered a history that was less known and less written by others, and because of the long time, they were almost flooded by the years. Only then did they know that on the current Red Star Road, the old place called Yichang No. 5 Middle School, there were vicissitudes and changes, and there were also ups and downs of century stories.
Wilson, who was called "the first to open the garden of western China", took this photo outside Yichang City at that time on Mojishan in the south of the Yangtze River in 1909, in addition to the Yichang Customs, major oceanic banks, churches and some European-style buildings where foreigners live, you can also clearly see the Nanhu Lake in the middle of the photo, which has been reduced due to silt, but is still very large in scale. In the "Yichang Prefecture Chronicles" and "Donghu County Chronicles" of the Qing Dynasty, it is recorded as "three miles away from the city, and the water can irrigate the fields". Nanhu, located outside the ancient city of Yichang, should have the artistic conception of "the lotus leaves in the Nanhu Lake cover the mandarin ducks, and the pond blooms in May and tastes the snow lotus roots."
876 After Yichang opened its port in 1976, Western powers attached great importance to this city that was farthest deep into mainland China, located at the junction of Sichuan and Jingjiang, and the important place of eastern Sichuan. People from all walks of life came in a row, competing to set up a consulate on the riverside outside the ancient city of Yichang, purchase farmland and cemeteries around the river, open foreign businesses, build wharfs, set up cargo warehouses, build churches, run schools, and open hospitals. While the powers of various countries were infiltrated, Huashang Industry and local economy also quickly joined in. In addition to bringing the prosperity of Yichang's re-export trade, the prosperity of industrial and commercial trade and the development of social undertakings, the economy, society, logistics and flow of people were rapidly expanding in Nanmenwaizheng Street and China Merchants Road (now at Yanjiang Avenue, from Dananmen to Taozhu Road) outside Yichang City. The city scale expanded accordingly, and the urban pattern and style of Yichang also changed. This photo is from Yichang Customs in 1920. Now, in order to attract investment, "three connections and one leveling" is the foundation, and it is an indispensable condition for creating a comfortable and relaxed investment environment for customers. A hundred years ago, local authorities, which had just been established, also realized that it was urgent to open up new commercial port areas outside the old town of Yichang, where new foreigners live. So in February 1914, the Hubei Provincial Administration (i.e. the Provincial Government) sent officials to Yichang to investigate the opening of the port, and then established the Yichang Commercial Port Engineering Bureau (hereinafter referred to as the Commercial Port Bureau) with Jinding as the director, thus starting the construction process of the largest urban road since the opening of the port in Yichang.
Because of the long time, there are very few historical information about Yichang Commercial Port Bureau, but they are scattered in various historical records and memorial articles. What is certain is that the Yichang Commercial Port Bureau, which is similar to the current Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission and its subordinate construction office (equivalent to the current Highway Bureau or Municipal Engineering Office) is located on the open space that was very close to Yangtze River , located on the bank of the lake south of South Lake, and seemed desolate and desolate at that time. Because it was initially determined at that time that the new commercial port area in Yichang was located in that area, it naturally took the lead. It is precisely because of the commercial port bureau that the magnificent century-old story of the land was unveiled.
Yichang Commercial Port Map
, compiled in 1914, This "Plan for the Construction of Yichang Commercial Port" compiled by the Surveying and Mapping Department of the Commercial Port Bureau in 1914, decided to build 20 roads within 4.65 square kilometers southeast of the ancient city Dananmen and Tonghuimen (now the intersection of Huancheng South Road and Jiefang Road). Among them, there are 8 vertical main roads and 12 horizontal roads. This formed the emerging commercial port area of Tonghui Road (Jiefang Road), Park Road (Zhongshan Road), Sanma Road (Taozhu Road), Erma Road , Yima Road, Yunji Road, Fusui Road, Huaiyuan Road (Hongxing Road), and Binjiang Road (a section between Yanjiang Avenue Yima Road and Erma Road).
In fact, in addition to Binjiang Road, Dananmen Gate had formed streets including Zhejiang Road, Nanmen Hou Road, Nanmen Waizheng Street, Fusuiheng Road and other streets, as well as Anfuli, Pingheli, Meihuali, Post Office Lane and other streets; Erma Road has also basically been formed, and Kangzhuang Road and Zhixiang Road have also formed small roads. Just like what Lu Xun said in "Hometown": "There is no road in the world, and if there are more people walking, it will become a road." The job of the Commercial Port Bureau is to build such small roads in the Commercial Port District into modern roads with bricks, slags and muds.
The "Shenbao" reported on July 24, 1923 that Yichang "is currently built on the coast of the south gate, several miles long, with eight newly built roads, which are about wide and flat and gratifying. At present, the area of Nanhu Park Road is developing and being built, and three new vegetable markets are being built, including parks, courts, and theaters. The layout is in order." Ten years later, in early summer of 1933, Li Hongqiu, president of Shanghai Global Book Publishing House, on the second day of his inspection in Yichang, "buy a picture of the street market and hire a rickshaw to visit the city. The streets and alleys in the old city are small and there are not many residents. Outside the small south gate is a commercial port with crisscrossing roads and rows of foreign buildings, which are similar to Hangao." Thanks to the new commercial area, Yichang quickly became the second largest city after Wuhan in Hubei.
As a result, to the east of the ancient city of Yichang, this new commercial port area consisting of wide new roads and uniform streets and alleys was gradually formed, and a new residential area with foreigners, compradors and wealthy businessmen gathered. The built roads are still major transportation roads in the central urban area, and the remaining European-style buildings have become part of the city's cultural heritage. Among them are the former British Consulate on Hongxing Road, the office building of the Swire Shipping Company, the Longmao Foreign Company in Heguanglikou, and the former site of the Postal Office at the Postal Alley.
On this Yichang map in 1936, you can clearly see that the commercial port bureau and construction office at that time were located in the newly built Yima Road, Huaiyuan Road (now Hongxing Road), Bangjiang Lane (now Qianghuali and Fusuiheng Road) and Nanhu Side Road (now Binhu Road). As the Commercial Port Bureau withdrew from the historical stage, the legendary story of Yichang's education history that lasted for a century on that piece of land began to be performed.
The first to appear in Provincial Yichang Primary School. The "Yichang City Education Chronicle" compiled in 1989 is more accurate than the "H Yichang County Chronicle (First Draft)" in 1936: "The Provincial Yichang Primary School was founded in the 18th year of the Republic of China (August 1929), and was originally named the Provincial No. 11 Primary School. It is one of the 16 provincial primary schools in the province. It was originally located on Peixin Road, and the principal Chen Zihe (Chen Yujian). The following year, it moved to the site of the Old Commercial Port Bureau of Huaiyuan Road (now the campus site of Hongxing Road No. 5 Middle School), and the principal Wang Fuxu (Wang Yongwu). "The campus site of Peixin Road (that is, the eastern section of Zhenzhu Road) was originally the Northern Five Provincial Corps Hall in the early years of the Republic of China, and the former Yichang Sports Committee Lighting Stadium (the current right side of the south gate of the Children's Park, near the Jin'an Sunshine Building). Because the school building was narrow and the number of primary school students was recruited, it moved to the former location of the commercial port bureau facing Huaiyuan Road and backed by Danan Lake in 1930.
This is the provincial 11th primary school emblem provided by Mr. Sun Bo, a collector of Yichang. Because Hubei Province had 16 provincial primary schools at that time, this one in Yichang ranked 11th, so it was named Yichang Provincial 11th Primary School. It was not until June 24, 1935 that it was ordered to be changed to Provincial Yichang Primary School (hereinafter referred to as Provincial Yijia). The provincial Yijiao was undoubtedly the best public primary school in Yichang at that time. In May 1934, this primary school was designated as the central primary school in western Hubei by the Provincial Department of Education at that time, thus becoming one of the three provincial central primary schools in the province at that time ( East Hubei , Southern Hubei , and one in western Hubei). It was responsible for tutoring the school affairs, academic affairs, and training of county-affiliated primary schools in Yichang, Changyang , Wufeng , Yidu , Dangyang , Yuan'an , Xingshan , Zigui , Zhijiang , and Songzi. Judging from the current arrangement of the education system, the provincial Yi Primary School is a provincial key primary school.
According to the teachers and students of Provincial Yi Primary School, the reason why this primary school was the top in Yichang was first because the monthly school funding was directly allocated by the Provincial Department of Education at that time on time, and it was 2 to 3 times that of county primary schools; the first principal Chen Zihe was an international student, and the successor principal Wang Fuxu graduated from Peking University. By 1936, there were 36 teachers in Provincial Yi Primary School, including Chinese language teachers, Chinese teachers graduated from Beijing, sports, music, and art teachers all graduated from junior colleges, and even lower grade teachers and kindergarten teachers graduated from provincial normal schools or kindergarten teachers. Such a neat teaching staff is the best in western Hubei.
This is a winter scene taken between Nanhu in the 1930s. You can see the teaching buildings and school buildings of Yixiao, a provincial capital by the lake. Because of the abundant school funding, the on-campus facilities of the Provincial Yijia Primary School are naturally very good: the school has built two new teaching buildings, and the classrooms are spacious and bright. In order to facilitate students' evening self-study, a dedicated line was also pulled from the Yongyao Power Plant opposite Huaiyuan Road and installed with electric lights. In order to run the affiliated kindergarten, it cost money to buy a European-made medium-sized piano from Shanghai. This is the only kindergarten in Yichang and even western Hubei, except for the church. In 1936, in order to take care of the students from all counties in western Hubei, the school's senior grades developed into a double-class system. In 1937, the school had 16 classes, plus two kindergarten classes, and the total number of students exceeded 800.
However, since 1938, due to the crazy bombing of Yichang by Japanese aircraft invading China, schools in the urban area could not attend classes normally. As a last resort, according to the then Provincial Department of Education's method on dispersing to rural areas to continue running schools, in February 1939, the Provincial Yixiao first moved to Huangniuyan in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and then to Sanduping . After Japan surrendered in 1945 and Yichang was restored, the school was handed over to the local county primary school, and the Provincial Yichang Primary School no longer exists.
This is the captain of the 231st Regiment of the Japanese invaders. He drew the "Brief Picture of Yichang City" in the memoir "The Battlefield of the Distant Liao" written by the Japanese invaders in the mid-1960s. During the five years of occupation of Yichang, the Japanese invaders once divided the central city into two parts. The original old city was used as a refugee area, and the newly opened commercial port area after the Republic of China was used as a military area for the Japanese invaders. It can also be seen from this that the original Yichang Customs became the headquarters of the corps, and the original provincial Yichang Primary School was the "11. Luggage Ammunition Class" and "24. (Horse) Stable". The original Yongyao Power Plant was located opposite Huaiyuan Road, and the "veterinary room".
Think about the classroom with the sound of books that has become a horse shed for raising horses, think about the clean and clean playground that is full of trampled horse manure, think about the campus where birds and flowers are singing and fragrant, think about the explosion of the Japanese invading China using grenades to "improve life" of fish, which will make people feel the helplessness and anger of the slaves who are destroyed.
At the same time, in the second half of 1941, Yichang County, which was on the front line of the Anti-Japanese War, "study for young people in the front", was initiated by local gentry to establish Yichang County Junior High School (hereinafter referred to as Yichang County Middle School) in the Songjia Dawu, Changlinggang, Taipingxi. The first Yichang County Middle School recruited more than 100 students, and the second year was ordered to attach a simple teacher (hereinafter referred to as the simple teacher) class, and two new students were added to two classes. By the fall of 1943, Yichang County moved from Changling to Longtanping, and junior high school and Jianshi had developed to a total of eight classes, with about 400 students and more than 30 faculty and staff.
On July 6, 1948, at the fifth student graduation ceremony that had moved back to Yichang, teachers and students sang the "Yichang County Junior High School Graduation Song" written with "Manjianghong": "The light leaves a scene, and the blink of an eye is here, and we have gathered together for three years. I am sad on this day, we will fly and fly away from my teachers and friends. Where can I meet again, I can help you have a glass of wine. I will shed tears of sadness and regret breaking up. The world's responsibility, everyone has it, go to philosophical teachings, are you? The mountains and rivers are rebuilt, and the lion roars in East Asia. The martyrs of the Han and Tang Dynasties have achieved success, and the names of heroines are immortal. Look at the shaking of thousands of feet, and the sky is climbing the bull and fighting." That is the patriotic heart of Yichang students.
945 Japan announced its unconditional surrender and Yichang was restored. As a county-level educational institution, Yichang County will definitely return to Yichang with the county government. As the county rank principal, Yi Kai and others followed the national army they were ordered to accept and returned from Sandouping to Yichang, which was occupied by the invading Japanese army for five years. According to Yi Kai later recalled: "What we saw was that outside the city had become a wilderness, and all the institutions and groups were looking for rooms, so it was difficult to find a county-level highest institution. Later, it was discovered that the former site of Hubei No. 11 Primary School (now No. 5 Middle School) on Huaiyuan Road was occupied by the Japanese invaders. It was not completely destroyed. There were several bungalows and two classrooms available, so it was designated as the site of the county school. Then public and private schools moved back one after another, and it was even more difficult to find a place. The county school was the first to get started." Although was the first to get started, the teachers and students who returned to Yichang one after another faced the dilapidated houses and messy environment. The classrooms used for classes and the dormitory needed for accommodation students needed to be repaired as soon as possible. This was not an easy task. Fortunately, Yi Kai, the then principal of Yichang County Middle School, had a good relationship with the National Army near the school's garrison during the Anti-Japanese War. In addition, Zhou Yan, commander of the 26th Army of the National Army, who was ordered to accept the surrender of the Japanese invaders in Yichang, was in a state of pride. Considering the image of the garrison and the local relationship, he specially allocated 500,000 yuan of legal tender (which was equivalent to more than 6 taels of gold at that time) to repair the school building. With the support and donations of local gentry, several new classrooms were built in Yichang County Middle School, which also improved and restored the school environment.
Unfortunately, with the outbreak of the civil war, the Kuomintang-controlled area soared prices and corruption caused by the winds of currency reform, and the hearts of the city were fluctuating. Even a school like Yichang County Middle School with strict management, good teachers, first-class student quality and increasingly perfect equipment broke out on June 18, 1946 due to a dispute between students and police. In 1949, the three major battles ended and the Kuomintang was defeated. In February of that year, a fire broke out in Yichang County due to a fire in the neighboring houses, and a building was burned. The normal teaching of the school was greatly affected and could barely lasted until June for the summer vacation.
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Time goes too fast, time can never go back. Looking back, memories are filled with my mind. If you also have memories of the school, you are welcome to contribute to us! The number of words in the manuscript is about 4,000 words, and it is appropriate to have both pictures and texts. Submission email: [email protected]. The copyright of belongs to the author
is welcome to share. Reproduction is prohibited without authorization!
Editor-in-chief: Li Yu (President of Yichang Association of North America) Editor: Liu Huiyan (Three Gorges Radio and Television)
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