Original title: How many " Cliff Village " are there? Is "drug use and drug trafficking" still serious?
Reveal the rumors and "tags", and enter the real Liangshan
0 Understand Daliangshan , it is not easy to know. It seems that she is beautiful and rich, and she is poor and backward.
By the Qionghai Sea, Xichang City, Sichuan Province, there is a huge sculpture standing in the Liangshan Yi Slave Society Museum. Let’s call the sculpture “Rope”.
There are 4 sentences engraved on a stone tablet in front of the sculpture: "A thick rope, a tortuous history, a process of awakening, and an era of rising." The artist's design and 4 comments are profound and thought-provoking.
Speaking of Daliangshan, many people should know it. In the eyes of anthropologists, she was once the most complete living fossil of slave society in human beings; in the eyes of cultural scholars, she was a mysterious place with thousands of years of brilliant civilization.
People who like to travel are more familiar with Daliangshan. In their eyes, Liangshan has the passionate and unrestrained Yi Torch Festival, the beautiful Qionghai, the fairyland-like Luoji Mountain, the romantic Lugu Lake, the Dadu River Grand Canyon , which is ranked first in the depth of the "Top Ten Grand Canyons in the World", and the Xichang satellite launch base that makes the Chinese people proud.
But for those who are not familiar with Daliangshan, the labels such as "cliff village", "animal living", "drug use", and "study out of school" commonly found in the media, especially the self-media, together constitute an impression of extreme backwardness.
See the sun through the clouds, let us walk into the real Liangshan.
How many "cliff village" are there?
Rumor: When talking about Daliangshan, you will think of "cliff village"
The truth: "hanging" or not "hanging" does not define the standard
This is a multiple-choice question. The answers "yes" or "no" seem to be correct, and neither is correct.
first talk about the correctness of "has".
Qinba Mountains , Wumeng Mountains , Xiaoliangshan Yi District and Plateau Tibetan Area around the Sichuan Basin are not only the main distribution areas of "difficulty in Shu Road", but also the four major contiguous poverty-stricken areas in Sichuan.
Here are high mountains and deep valleys, the terrain is steep, and there are a large number of high-altitude mountain villages (also known as "cliff villages") and the living environment is very harsh.
Since the 1990s, especially since targeted poverty alleviation, these high-mountain villages have been called "villages on cliffs", "villages on clouds", "poor mountain villages", "absolute poverty villages", "extreme poverty villages", etc. in media reports.
In the past two years, the media has concentrated on reporting on the Atuler Village in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan (hereinafter referred to as Liangshan Prefecture) HTM3 in Zhaojue County, and vividly called it "cliff village".
For a period of time, when talking about "cliff village", people naturally think of this village in Zhaojue County; when talking about Daliang Mountain, people habitually think of "cliff village".
Judging from the text explanations of the new version of the Chinese dictionary and dictionary, it seems that it is a bit reliable to say that "cliff village" is also a bit reliable. In the past two years, the villages reported by media such as Zhaojue County, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, and Taihang Mountains in Daliang Mountain are indeed tall and steep, which fits the meaning of the word "cliff". It is not wrong to call it "cliff village".
Because there is no high and low standard for cliffs. In the mountainous areas in western and central China, such alpine cliff villages are even more uncommon. From this perspective, there are many cliff villages in China, and many cliff villages in Daliangshan.
again talks about the correctness of "no".
Unexpectedly, although all regions acknowledge that there are high mountain villages, when reporters from Xinhua Daily Telegraph interviewed Gaoshan Village in mountainous counties in various places, in addition to Zhaojue County acknowledging this "cliff village", all regions denied in unison: "We have no cliff village here."
Because the "cliff village" in Zhaojue County, which has been reported in the media, has increased the popularity of Atuler Village, brought great investment from society and the government, and has many benefits. The reason why other places refuse to admit it is because "cliff village" has become synonymous with negative and backwardness.
A cadre in the transportation system of Liangshan Prefecture said: "What is a cliff? There is no standard, nor is it a traffic term."
"The cliff village is an exception, an exception for media processing. How many cliff villages are there in Sichuan? There is no data, because there is no definition of cliffs and cliff villages." Several experts from the Sichuan Provincial Highway Bureau clearly pointed out.
In fact, whether it is called "high mountain village" or "cliff village", they are there.From the perspective of targeted poverty alleviation, they are not only the hard bones of poverty alleviation, but also the "fortress" that grassroots cadres must conquer within a time limit when signing "military orders".
"No one can be missing on the road to a well-off society." Sichuan grassroots cadres believe that whether it is called a "cliff village" is not scary. The key is to overcome the "cliff in thought" and eliminate the idea of waiting and relying on one's needs. As long as we break the fear of difficulties, we can conquer the "fortress" and achieve targeted poverty alleviation.
"Housema" What's going on?
Rumor: There is a pile of manure in front of the door; there is no window on the wall
Facts: The backward living habits have basically disappeared
" There is a pile of manure in front of the door", "Housema" and "Waima" and "Waima" and "Waima" and "Waima" are not open on the wall". This was once the living habits of the people in the high-altitude mountainous areas of Daliang Mountain for thousands of years, and it was also the most intuitive first feeling that Daliang Mountains gave to the outside world.
But now it is safe to say that after this round of strong advancement of targeted poverty alleviation, this backward living habit has basically disappeared. This is an epoch-making progress.
Explore the deep-seated reasons behind "human and animal cohabitation", and we must never simply explain it with the low quality of the Yi people.
professor at Southwest University for Nationalities once told reporters: "The cohabitation of humans and animals is for safety, forced by helplessness, and out of habit. Slave owners locked slaves with cattle and sheep together, and also to protect property." "In the past, it was very simple. I had to avoid the cold on the mountain. Without glass, how could I open the window?"
"There are historical reasons for living in the mountains. Living together on the mountain can prevent freezing and theft." A cadre of the Liangshan Prefecture Ethnic and Religious Affairs Committee told Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporters that in the past, immigration relocation, "three-bedroom" construction, and even the Yi new villages, poverty alleviation relocation of relocations in relocations, and rural dilapidated houses that have been carried out in recent years are all to solve the problem of mixed living in humans and animals.
Yi scholar Aguzamo wrote an article pointing out that the Yi people were originally a nomadic people. The Yi people call their property "direct slag", which means money and grain, and "direct" mainly refers to horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, and chickens. "So when building housing, the livestock pen and residential housing are integrated into one to facilitate maintenance and management, which is not unhygienic."
catching up with modern civilization, Liangshan people have been working hard.
The first effective method is to convert housing into housing. Xu Guorong, former deputy director of the State Poverty Alleviation Office, once told reporters that in 1982, a central leader began housing renovation for the first time after he came to Liangshan. In 1993, after another central leader inspected, he proposed basic standards such as "separation of humans and animals" for the first time, and carried out housing renovation for seven consecutive years. From 2003 to 2008, a total of 85,000 households have been renovated. Since 2009, more than 140,000 households have been included in the "Three-House Renovation" plan.
Although the standards in these few times are too low, they are the most popular people's livelihood project.
After multiple rounds of poverty alleviation, coupled with the "targeted poverty alleviation" strategy and "relocation of poverty alleviation" measures being implemented in this round, the Yi people in Liangshan have simultaneously embarked on the express train to get rid of poverty and achieve prosperity.
According to the reporter's field research in recent years, it is not an extinction in the Daliang Mountains. It is completely believed that by 2020, you will definitely be sure to say goodbye to "human and animal cohabitation".
Liangshan Prefecture Ganluo County Wushi Bridge Township, the local people in their hometown are working hard to lift the telephone poles and climb to Erping Village on the top of the mountain. Xinhua News Agency reporter Jiang Zuoping Photo
"Washing hands" is also called revolution?
Rumor: "The people of Liangshan have many bad habits"
The truth: targeted poverty alleviation has reached the details of life
yes, just like the "housing renovation" in the high-altitude mountainous areas of Daliangshan, this is also a revolution. This is China's largest poverty reduction campaign in the world today and the most precise poverty alleviation measure.
Only with good housing can we have the material conditions to develop good habits and form good atmosphere.
Liangshan area has a special geographical location, with Jinsha River in the south and Dadu River in the north. From east to west are tall mountains. With the barriers of mountains and rivers, coupled with wars, family and branch struggles, and ethnic estrangements over the years, Daliangshan has experienced such an extremely closed society that has been in the past thousand years.
In January 1956, the old Red Army and Deputy Governor Wang Haimin raised an iron hammer to smash the chains at the first People's Congress of Liangshan Prefecture, symbolizing the official beginning of Liangshan democratic reform.
html More than 0.5 million slaves (including nearly 60,000 slaves in Guozhuang) were liberated, and 100% of the turnover slaves and more than 80% of the working people owned land, houses, cattle and sheep and other production and living materials, and controlled their own destiny. In March 1958, the victory of democratic reform marked the end of the slavery society in Liangshan.A night of political and economic turnaround, the "being the master" of the past does not mean the comprehensive improvement of social and cultural heritage.
Yi scholar Ba Qieihuo wrote an article pointing out that the result of the Yi people "span a thousand years in one step" is that they have not completely abandoned their bags of the old traditional culture, and they will inevitably feel "staggering" when walking on the road of modern social culture.
Senior Yi scholar Ma Erzi and others wrote an article pointing out: "When the civil reform reform, the population of the Yi people reached 1 million, so many, but there was no market trade of their own... Living without cities or cities (closed) over the long years, guiding the Yi people from poverty to poverty... This is the historical hat covering the overall poverty of the Yi people in Liangshan."
After poverty alleviation in the 1980s and 1990s, some people solved the low-standard "sauerkraut potato" type of food and clothing. But for a long time, the phenomenon of humans and animals living together still exists. A cadre from the Provincial Ethnic Affairs Commission said: "The people have many bad habits and are incompatible with modern civilization. For example, they do not wash their faces or their hands."
1997, a deputy director of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission commented after on-site inspection: "This is primitive poverty."
1989, a reporter visited Daliangshan, but it was still extremely poor. Meigu County A cadre told reporters: "At present, three washings have been promoted in boarding schools, namely washing hands, washing faces, and washing feet. But they are all more difficult."
"not washing hands, not washing faces" is not just a "backward habit", but rather a slowly formed by extreme backward living conditions.
Liangshan Prefecture Yi scholar Luo Hongzige once wrote an article pointing out: "The drinking water is either water accumulated in pits or water that can be carried several miles away. It is difficult to use water and drink water, which forces villagers to pay attention to personal, family, and environmental sanitation. Therefore, poverty and disease depend on each other."
It is a difficult process to achieve material and spiritual civilization. In this round of decisive battle to achieve targeted poverty alleviation and build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, Liangshan Prefecture visualized part of the poverty alleviation work as "three constructions, four reforms and five washes". The "three constructions" are to build courtyards, household roads, and biogas tanks; the "four transformations" are to change water, kitchens, toilets, and circles; the "five washings" are to wash faces, hands, feet, baths, and clothes. Some units in the state also called this the "Four Reforms" and "Five Washings Movement".
This time it is a step in the modern sense across a thousand years, and it is really trying hard to make up for the lessons that I owe for thousands of years. Liangshan Prefecture regards the "five washes" as an important part of "building good habits", which shows that "targeted poverty alleviation" has been "precise" to the details.
Are there so many "study dropout children"?
Rumors: There are many "study dropout children" in Liangshan
Facts: There is no phenomenon of dropping out of school due to poverty
The answer is very simple: there were many in the past, but now there are no more.
Some people say that since Sichuan implemented the "one village, one kindergarten" in Liangshan Prefecture, the density of rural preschool education sites in Liangshan Prefecture has exceeded that of all large and medium-sized cities in the country, which has created a miracle to solve the problem of "difficulty in going to school".
Education status is an important symbol that reflects the civilization, progress and openness of a region, and it is also a measure to measure whether a region's future is full of hope.
A senior Yi scholar, Ma Erzi, once wrote an article to recall: "The first and most exposed Han people in the Yi region of Liangshan who were born after liberation were teachers. Although these teachers did not understand Yi language, from their gentle eyes and kind smiles, the children clearly felt that they were not as vicious and evil bad guys who cut children's ears as their parents described. On the contrary, they wore clean clothes, behaved elegantly, politely, and seemed to know everything."
Teachers with the title of "Human Civilization Engineer" not only spread knowledge, but also civilization in today's Daliangshan. Not only teach children hygiene habits such as washing hands, faces, and brushing teeth, but also teach them the core socialist values such as loving the Party, patriotism, and law-abiding.
25-year-old member of the graduate teaching team of Sichuan Normal University, Li Yonghan, reported to Puge County Middle School and saw vitality. "I really didn't expect that the hardware teaching conditions here are no worse than those in mainland urban middle schools." Li Yonghan said.
What he unexpectedly did not expect was that through information technology, the teachers and students of Puge County Middle School and the famous school more than 500 kilometers away - Chengdu No. 7 Middle School Yucai School have achieved synchronous live broadcast classes and teachers have prepared lessons simultaneously. "With the help of the 'Smart Cloud', famous teachers moved to the Yi District classroom, and children in remote and closed ethnic areas also enjoyed high-quality educational resources." Li Yonghan said.
Sichuan regards education as the fundamental solution to cut off the intergenerational transmission of poverty, and Liangshan education has undergone earth-shaking changes. As of the end of 2017, more than 3,000 preschool education sites were spread throughout the province. Liangshan Prefecture has 243,400 kindergarten (class) children, with a gross enrollment rate of 83.35% in the three years before the school year; the number of students in the compulsory education stage reached 762,300, and the enrollment rate of children and adolescents of appropriate age in primary and junior high schools reached 99.54% and 93.17%.
Li Tao, vice principal of Liangshan Vocational and Technical School, said that not only does the whole school have no dropout due to poverty, but also students have a clear employment direction, which can achieve the effect of "one person studying and employed, and the whole family getting rid of poverty."
"Short-term poverty alleviation depends on industries, and long-term education." Bibu Youda, deputy county magistrate of Butuo County, told reporters. At the 2014 Sichuan Provincial Two Sessions, he called for the complete exemption of three years of childcare fees and three years of tuition and book fees for ordinary high schools in Liangshan Prefecture, which has become a reality now.
"Education will change the descendants of the post-70s and post-80s generations, so that the cultural quality of the descendants will be improved as a whole, and they will become the hope for the future development of Liangshan." Bibu Youda firmly believes.
Is "drug use and drug trafficking" still serious?
Rumors: The hardest hit areas for drug use and drug trafficking, the high-incidence area of AIDS
The fact: The "drug treatment" at the source is outstanding
The answer is very affirmative. In the past, it was not only very powerful. But according to the reporter's observation, it has been effectively curbed.
21-year-old Xiao Wu (pseudonym), home in Muzhaluo Village, Zhuhe Township, Zhaojue County. It was once a severely affected area for drug use and drug trafficking, and was once a high-incidence of AIDS.
Xiao Wu graduated from Meishan Health Vocational School in Sichuan Province. He is currently working in a clinic in Zhaojue County while working to get the nurse qualification certificate. She said that choosing to study medicine has a lot to do with her childhood memories.
The 1990s was the most serious time when the "toxicity" in Zhuhe Township was. Xiao Wu's aunt and father both became addicted to drugs. My aunt's health is getting worse and worse, and she died 10 years ago. When I grew up, I realized that it was AIDS that took my aunt's life.
The departure of the family brought great touch to the family, and Xiao Wu's father made up his mind to quit drug addiction.
Just as his father made up his mind, a national anti-drug struggle also started in Liangshan.
Wang Hong, 50 years old this year, comes from the ancient capital village of Chengbeixiang, 20 kilometers away from Muzhaluo Village. When he was 14 years old, his mother passed away. He worked and later started a fur and medicinal business, becoming the "best person in the village to find money".
At this time, some people were addicted to drugs in their hometown of ancient capital, and some people were tempted by high interests and embarked on the road of drug trafficking.
Seeing the village poisoned by heroin becoming more and more depressed, tears often gushed out of Wang Hong's eyes.
In 2005, Wang Hong thought about finding a right way for young drug users. That year, he also submitted an application for joining the party and became a probationary party member. Two years later, he was elected as the village party secretary with a high vote. The first thing he did after taking office was to launch a folk "anti-drug campaign". He held a drug control conference, convened village cadres and prestigious elderly people, and formulated village rules and regulations.
They organized personnel to conduct surprise inspections at night, and immediately reported to the police if they found drugs or drug trafficking. He also invited "Bimo" to "treat poison" in ancient ways.
A person in charge of Liangshan Prefecture Public Security Bureau said that Liangshan is currently taking anti-drug work as a major event that concerns Liangshan’s simultaneous construction of a moderately prosperous society and the future and destiny of the nation. The anti-drug work will not be reduced and the standards will not be reduced, and the "de-labeling action" will be promoted in key rectification areas.
In 2017, Liangshan maintained a high-pressure crackdown on drug trafficking from outbound drugs, and sent 15 teams to key areas across the country to cooperate in the rectification of outbound drug traffickers, assisted in solving 202 drug cases, and dealt with 277 criminal suspects.
Now, Liangshan Prefecture has comprehensively carried out the "five major actions" to combat drugs: solving cases, rectifying outflow and drug trafficking, blocking source and interception, accepting and converting, and pre-tutoring and controlling.
The civil drug control work has not relaxed at all. At present, private drug control associations like Gudu Village have covered 271 villages in Zhaojue County, and the families participating in the association have reached 96,000 households and 152,000.
Zhang Ming, a famous Yi scholar, commented: "Now, governments at all levels in Liangshan have made every effort to solve the root cause of unanimous poverty, especially using the autonomous function of the Yi family branch to prevent and control drug abuse and trafficking, and clearly stipulate the anti-drug tasks of the family branch in the village rules and regulations, so that the family members do not participate in drug trafficking, drug planting, and drug production. This is to control it from the source, and the results are very outstanding."
Will Liangshan fall behind on the road to a well-off society?
The answer is very affirmative, no. Not only will we not fall behind, but we will also be able to work with the people of the whole country to achieve the goal of winning the decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
The biggest reason is that the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the "never forget the original aspiration and keep the mission in mind."
In May 1935, Liu Bocheng, commander of the Central Red Army Advance Team, and Guoji Xiaoye Dan, the local leader of the Yi people, happily decided to make sworn brothers by the Yihaizi.
After the "Yihai Alliance", the Red Army successfully passed the Yi area, adding glory to the Long March. It was the first manifestation and major victory of the Communist Party of China's ethnic policy in practice.
After the liberation, especially the democratic reform in 1956, slavery was finally abolished. At the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1956, Wu Jinghua, a representative of the Yi people, made a speech at the conference with the title "Leap from Slave Society to Socialism". He was praised by Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou and other central leaders, and won thunderous applause from the representatives.
Over the past decades, Liangshan has undergone earth-shaking changes, writing a magnificent poem from backwardness to progress, from poverty to prosperity, and from closure to openness.
In 2014, with the full launch of targeted poverty alleviation across the country, a new round of poverty alleviation battle was launched in Liangshan. "The beginning is a decisive battle, and you have to charge when you go into battle." In all parts of Daliang Mountain, "thousand-year changes" are taking place every day.
Hou Village, Xide County, Ahu Village, nearly 80 years old, was so happy that he burst into tears after seeing the new house built by the government for her. She held the hand of the first secretary Wang Xiaobing and said, "If my mother is still there, I must give her the full cupboard of bacon and rice! Tell her that she has lived a good life that she could never imagine."
Wang Xiaobing told reporters that this high-altitude mountain village had been lifted out of poverty in 2017. In the past two years, more than 20 girls have married into this mountain village. The villagers abandoned the old customs and habits and lived the four good new lives of "living in a good house, living in a good life, developing good habits, and forming a good atmosphere".
In Liangshan Prefecture, the scene of "cadres hard helping and the masses working hard" can be seen everywhere. More than 9,000 assistance cadres, 2,497 first secretaries, and 280 full-time deputy secretaries for drug control and AIDS prevention and family planning in the prefecture have taken root in the front line.
According to Wang Yonggui, deputy secretary-general of Liangshan Prefecture Government and director of the Prefecture Poverty Alleviation and Immigration Bureau, the number of poor people in the prefecture reached 940,000 in 2012, accounting for about 13% of the poor people in the province. Since the Party Central Committee and the State Council proposed the basic strategy of "targeted poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation", national and provincial departments have increased their investment in the Yi area of Daliangshan, and the annual increase in the proportion of fiscal investment in the central and provincial governments has exceeded 50%.
Wang Yonggui told reporters that from 2013 to the end of 2017, the whole province completed the poverty alleviation task of 440,000 people in five years. In just over two years, the "Yi Family New Village" has allowed more than 100,000 villagers to move into new homes, and the number of people relocated to poverty alleviation has reached 101,600.
He told reporters with confidence: "Cadres exchanged their hard work index for the happiness index of the people. From 2018, Liangshan Prefecture will be confident in completing the work of lifting out the hat-trial in 11 national poverty-stricken counties."
From declaring war on deep poverty to declaring war on bad habits, from housing revolution, kitchen revolution to toilet revolution, Liangshan Prefecture has opened up one main battlefield for targeted poverty alleviation. These tough battles are becoming more difficult and the task becomes more arduous. To win a complete victory, there are still many fortresses to conquer.
The number of poor people in the state decreased from 942,000 at the end of 2013 to 490,700, and the number of poor villages in the state decreased from 2,072 to 1,118, of which the number of deeply impoverished villages decreased from 1,350 to 1,002. This means that the next step is to get rid of poverty, and most of them live in high-altitude mountainous areas with higher altitudes and worse production conditions, making it more difficult to get rid of poverty and achieve health.Among the 1,118 poor villages below, 1,002 are deeply impoverished villages, which means that almost all are deeply impoverished villages, which is more difficult and self-evident.
Since it is a deeply impoverished village, as the lifeline of poverty alleviation - highway construction, it has become a harder bone. Especially the high mountain villages on both sides of the Dadu River and Jinsha River are almost mostly "cliff villages" as the media calls them. It is difficult to build a road, and it is even more difficult to ensure traffic after the road is built. According to a document from June 2017, there are still 9 townships and 24 established villages in the Yi area of Sichuan Province that do not have highways, 101 townships and 1,981 established villages that do not have oil or cement roads. The task is very arduous to complete within a time limit.
In addition, the local government has also clearly proposed that we should jointly grasp the "visible" poverty and the "invisible" poverty, and to cure fools, cure poisons, treat diseases, and treat overbirth. None of these is easy.
First of all, people in mountainous areas with similar poverty levels are not rated as poor households because they have a few dollars more income or raise one chicken and a sheep because they have not been rated as poor households. This is the "critical poor household". This group of people is estimated to have hundreds of thousands in Daliangshan. They have not enjoyed a series of poverty alleviation policies, but they must also achieve a well-off life at the same time. This is also in front of the Party and the government, and they need to continue to answer good "test questions".
The masses who have not yet developed good habits and are developing good customs and good customs are mental poverty, that is, invisible poverty. This is inseparable from the material conditions and the overall environment for improving social and economic levels. It is also a problem that requires long-term efforts and continuous efforts to solve.
A hopeful nation, after experiencing the most painful self-revolution, will inevitably achieve the greatest rebirth. The "military order" signed is full of confidence in grassroots cadres, and the "hard bones" of poverty alleviation will definitely be tackled. The Yi people in Liangshan will never fall behind on the road to a well-off society. (Reporters Jiang Zuoping and Xiao Lin)
