In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the scale of pig breeding in our jurisdiction, the incidence of pig respiratory disease syndrome has increased year by year; during the pig growth process, respiratory system diseases bring great harm, which has a great impact on the healthy growth of pigs and affects the benefits of farmers.
Causes of the disease
Pig respiratory disease causes are diverse and complex, but they are mainly caused by feeding management, pathogenic microorganisms, parasites, etc.
In terms of feeding management, the breeding density is too high, the concentration of dirty gas in the pig house increases, the temperature changes greatly in winter and is colder. Farmers sometimes ignore ventilation in order to keep warm, and the concentration of harmful gases in the pig house increases, resulting in respiratory diseases of pigs; pathogenic microorganisms are also important factors for pigs to suffer from respiratory diseases, such as African swine fever, highly pathogenic basket ear disease of pigs, pseudorabies virus of pigs, and swine flu virus disease. Viral diseases can cause respiratory symptoms in pigs; bacterial diseases such as porcine pasteuris, pleuropneumonia and pyogenic bacterium can also cause respiratory symptoms in pigs; parasites are also important factors inducing respiratory disease syndrome in pigs, such as roundworms, filariasis, and posterior nematodes. In pig breeding, if the environmental sanitation is not cleaned in time and disinfected thoroughly, it will lead to a large number of parasites reproduction and increase the incidence of respiratory disease syndrome in pigs.
Clinical symptoms
Respiratory disease syndrome is common in pigs and fattening pigs, with an incidence rate of 25% to 60%, and a high mortality rate. In the new epidemic area, the disease is showing an outbreak and epidemic trend, and in the old epidemic area, the disease is showing a chronic development trend. Pigs with respiratory disease syndrome have significantly decreased appetite and poor mental state, a large amount of secretions appear at the corners of the eyes, cyanosis and purple violet at the tip of the ear, and the temperature rises to 42℃, dyspnea, cough, breathe in abdominal form, and a large amount of purulent exudates in the chest cavity. The growth and development of the sick pigs is limited, and they are getting thinner and eventually become stagnant pigs. In addition, individual sick pigs will experience neurological symptoms.
Characteristics of common pig respiratory system diseases
1 Pig breeding and respiratory syndrome
1.1 Clinical symptoms
sows: After infection of sows at 3 months after pregnancy, they show reproductive disorder characteristics such as miscarriage, premature birth and stillbirth, and the mortality rate of newborn piglets can reach 30%-100%. Infected sows showed symptoms such as anorexia, fever, lethargy, pneumonia, breast deficiency, blue ears, vulva and subcutaneous edema, delayed weaning and relapse, and a few died. Piglets: Newborn piglets infected with PRRsv have difficulty breathing and rapid breathing, periophthalmic and subcutaneous edema, conjunctivitis, blue ears, loss of appetite, fever, skin erythema, diarrhea, tremor, rough and messy hair, and neurological symptoms. Fattening pigs and boars: Fattening pigs have mild symptoms, showing only 5-7 days of anorexia, difficulty breathing, restlessness and susceptibility to irritation, and their body temperature can rise to 40-41℃. Common subclinical infections. After infection, boars show anorexia, fever, and the quality of semen decreases.
Highly pathogenic blues disease pigs: Sick pigs have persistent high fever of over 41 degrees, and die regardless of age. The incidence rate is 100% and the mortality rate is more than 50%. Sick pigs show fever, anorexia or inability to eat, and early redness in the ears, mouth, nose, hindquarters and medial femoral skin, and later cyanosis. In addition, the sick pigs are accompanied by respiratory symptoms such as conjunctivitis, cough, and asthma, asthma, and neurological symptoms such as swaying, convulsions, and difficulty walking.
1.2 Pathological changes
Dissecting the dead pigs, there was edema in the jaw and neck of the sick pigs, the chest cavity was filled with light yellow liquid, there was effusion in the pericardial, myocardial softening, and symptoms of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. After the piglet died of illness, there was a rubber lung phenomenon, and the spleen head was swollen and the section was hyperplasia.
1.3 Treatment plan
Prevention of this disease, first of all, we must do a good job of immunization. At present, the prevention vaccine is mainly mainly inactivated vaccines, and sows can be vaccinated 30 days before breeding. If you need to get other vaccines, you should be apart a period of time to avoid affecting the effectiveness of the vaccine immunization. Piglets can inject 71 inactivated vaccines for pig breeding and respiratory syndrome at 1 month old. Boars can be vaccinated once in March and September each year.Once a farmer finds that the pig herd is sick, it must be isolated and treated in a timely manner and immunize the entire pig herd. Then treat the sick pigs symptomatically. For pigs with high fever, 30mL of Annakin injection + 25mg of dexamethasone + 3.5 million IU of penicillin + 2g of streptomycin should be injected promptly, mixed intramuscular injection, 2 times/d. For pigs with poor appetite, intramuscular injection of 20mL vitamin B1+1mg/kg Weifuan, 1 time/d or Taimilin (Taimilin + Ribavirin) injection, combined with pigs with interferon intramuscular injection, 20 mg per dry gram weight, once a day, for 3-4 days.
2Pig influenza
This disease is an acute infectious respiratory system disease and is a pig influenza. Its incidence and infectious rate are very high, and there is a long incubation period before the onset. It can mainly cause bronchial diseases, pleuritis and pneumonia, and if not managed in time, it may lead to death. This disease is generally seasonal, and common symptoms include: infected pigs are anorexia, depression, exhaustion, and crowded together and unwilling to walk. There are obvious respiratory symptoms, shortness of breath, clear or thick nose, increased eye secretions, flushed conjunctiva, and cough. The feces are dry and the urine is yellow. Pregnant sows have miscarriage, stillbirth and premature birth. Boar body temperature increases, reducing sperm quality, and the fertilization rate continues to decrease for 4-5 weeks.
2.1 Pathological changes: Severe exudative inflammation occurs between the nasal cavity and bronchioles, with congestion and edema in the throat, and a large amount of foamy fluid in the trachea, which is mixed with blood in severe cases; lung lesions are mostly concentrated in the apical and heart lobes of the lungs, and there is a clear boundary between the lesion tissue and normal tissue, the lesion area is purple nodules, and some lung lobes are obviously edema interstitial.
2.2 Treatment plan
strictly disinfects the onset pig farms and treats Western medicine. Mainly, use medicine to avoid secondary infection. To reduce fever, Chaihu injection or aminopyrin can be used; at the same time, 300,000 IU gentamicin injected per muscle in each head, twice a day; at the same time, fused with flufenicol and amoxicillin and were mixed. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment: 25g licorice + 25g almond + 25g ephedra + 50g raw gypsum + 50g Anaestheticum + 50g mulberry peel. Grind the above medicine into powder and stir in the feed for feed. 60g/d, and use it for 3 days.
3 Pig pseudorabies
Pig pseudorabies is an infectious disease. The cause is infection with the pseudorabies virus, which has acute and fierce characteristics. This disease can lead to pig reproductive disorders and respiratory diseases. Newborn piglets show neurological symptoms, and pregnant sows may show miscarriage, stillbirth and respiratory symptoms after infection.
3.1 Clinical symptoms
suckling piglets initially suffer from fever, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, loss of nerves, and difficulty breathing, and then neurological symptoms such as ataxia, intermittent spasm, hindquarters paralysis, and falling to the ground and stroke the limbs. The body temperature of weaned piglets is elevated, and some have neurological symptoms. A miscarriage occurs in a pregnant sow infection, giving birth to mummy, stillbirth and weak baby.
3.2 Diagnosis method
The lungs are dark red, and the mucosa of the stomach of the sick pigs is inflammation, the liver and spleen organs are enlarged and congested, and there are necrotic foci, and the color is grayish white. In addition, the gallbladder of the sick pigs is swelling to 1 to 2 times larger, the kidneys are swollen, and bleeding points will be found.
3.3 Treatment plan
prevents pseudorabies from pigs, and can be vaccinated with gene deletion. A reserve sow requires an intramuscular injection, and the vaccination time is before maturation; a pregnant sow will receive this vaccine 70 to 80 days after pregnancy. 1 portion of this vaccine was received by 40-day-old piglets. Sick pigs were urgently vaccinated with pseudorabies dual gene deletion seedlings, with 2 pieces per pig. At the same time, astragalus polysaccharide injection was used, and the pigs were injected intramuscularly, 1 time/d, and continuous injection was 3 to 4 days. In order to prevent secondary disease infection from sick pigs, the whole group of pigs was mixed with amoxicillin.
4 pig asthma disease
pig asthma disease is a chronic infectious disease with a high incidence rate, also known as pig mycoplasma pneumonia .
4.1 Clinical symptoms
The main clinical symptoms of this disease are cough and asthma, especially when pigs leave their pens in the morning and evening, eat or drive away exercise, and suddenly suffer from the weather. The temperature, spirit, and appetite changes are not obvious. Generally, it is characterized by frequent coughing with lowering heads and coughing, and off-white bulging or purulent nasal fluid flows out of the nasal cavity.When the condition is serious, there will be difficulty breathing, and the dog sits in a dog-sitting position, opening his mouth and sticking out his tongue, frothing with his mouth and nose, making a sound of panting, like pulling a bellows.
4.2 Pathological diagnosis
lesions are limited to lymph nodes in the lungs and thoracic cavity. The lesion begins from the heart lobe of the lung and gradually expands to the anterior and lower part of the pointed leaves, middle lobe and ceil leaves. The boundaries of the lung lesions are obvious, showing a solid appearance, light grayish-like pancreatic color, and it is in a translucent state of impregnation and translucent state. The cut surface is moist and smooth, the alveoli are unclear, and the tender flesh is auspicious. It is customary to call it "meat change" and "real suffering". All the serious visible diseases are darker in color, and are lavender, dark purple or gray-white, gray-red. Those with longer courses of illness will be less translucent and their toughness will increase. Like pancreatic tissue. It is commonly called "skin suffocation". White, oil-mixed and viscous liquid can be seen in the small bronchus. The bronchial lymph nodes and mediastinal lymph nodes are swollen, the incision surface is yellow-white, and the lymphatic tissue is diffusely hyperplasia. Acute cases have obvious emphysema.
4.3 Treatment plan
For prevention of pig infectious diseases, farmers must first do a good job in immunization. The common vaccine currently is the inactivated Mycoplasma pneumonia vaccine. The thoracic injection method is adopted, and it is vaccinated once every six months. It is prohibited to inject oleracin and other drugs before and after vaccination.
For sick pigs, farmers should do a good job in treatment in a timely manner. If the symptoms are serious, you can inject frefenicol injection or temikaoxing injection with astragalus polysaccharide intramuscular injection once a day for 3-5 days; if the body temperature exceeds 41℃, use it with aminopyrin injection; if the body temperature is between 40 and 41℃, use it with Chaihu injection; if the body temperature does not exceed 40℃, do not use antipyretic drugs. The whole group of ingredients is Taimiaoyinsu + Astragalus polysaccharide.
Conclusion: In order to ensure the healthy growth of pig herds and reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases in pigs, farmers should do a good job in prevention. First of all, we must pay attention to immunization work and formulate a complete immunization plan. Once a pig's respiratory disease occurs, the corresponding drugs should be used scientifically for prevention and treatment, and the medication should be used reasonably according to the pig's health status.
