In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Wan (this man can be said to be Lin Zexu of the Ming Dynasty) severely rectified the coastal defense, which had a great effect, but it also caused disaster for himself. After being attacked, he was discouraged and committed suicide by taking poison. After that, the coastal defense was even more severe in the Ming Dynasty, which eventually triggered the unprecedented scale of Jiajing Japanese riots .
Zhu Wan's last words: It is easy to get rid of the stealing in the sea, but it is difficult to get rid of the stealing in China; it is easy to get rid of the stealing in China, but it is difficult to get rid of the stealing in the clothes and clothes of China.
△ Fu Ship (Fu Ship is the abbreviation of "Fuqing Stealing Ship")
"Fu Ship" is one of the most important ship types in ancient China. It originated in the Ming Dynasty and is the abbreviation of "Fuqing Stealing Ship". It turned out to be a ship used by Fuqing County to patrol thieves. It was vigorously promoted when Zhu Wan (the Ming Dynasty version of "Lin Zexu") rectified the coastal defense. , which made great achievements in the naval battles against foreign enemies in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.
△ "Lin Zexu" in the Ming Dynasty - Zhu Wan stone carvings
5. The Great Japanese Invasion of Jiajing
During the Jiajing period, the Japanese pirates eventually developed from the original scabies disease to the great harm. The complex connection between pirates, Western colonists, and Japanese pirates, coupled with the Ming government's uncertainty in coastal defense, eventually led to a situation where thousands of miles of the east, east and west of Zhejiang, north and south of the Yangtze River were warned at the same time. Ambitious people represented by the pirate Wang Zhi gathered the "island japan" and pirates to attack Songjiang , Wenzhou , Suzhou and even Nanjing, as if they were entering a no-man's land.
△ The owner of the five peaks of Japan was established by Japan (the first Japanese pirate colluded with the first Japanese pirates in the mid-Ming Dynasty and proclaimed himself the Prince of Purity)
generals Qi Jiguang adapted to local conditions, recruited miners from Yiwu and other places, trained and strengthened the army, and created Yuanyang formation . With the support of Zhang Juzheng , he and other famous generals, Yu Dayou , cleared away countless Japanese pirates along the coast in one fell swoop.
In the sixty years of the late Ming Dynasty, Zhejiang soldiers, with the seeds of Qi Family Army, won every battle, beheaded more than 100,000, and shined on the stage of history. (After the Japanese pirates were pacified, Qi Jiguang was transferred to the border army in the north, and according to the characteristics of fighting against Mongolia, he improved the Mandarin Duck Formation and developed the Chezhang tactics. This pragmatic and cautious attitude is a necessary feature of a real military strategist. Another famous counterexample is Song Taizong Pingrong Wan full formation . If you want to eat all the tricks, you will eventually be laughed at)
△ Famous general Qi Jiguang
△ Qi Jiguang's improved Vehicle Formation (with ches)
△ Qi Jiguang's improved Vehicle Formation (with ches)
△ Forge a village to protect yourself: Schematic diagram of earth buildings in coastal areas in the late Ming Dynasty
6. The naval battle of Luliang aiding Korea
Wanli , Toyotomi Hideyoshi conquered North Korea twice, trying to use this as a springboard to conquer the Ming Dynasty (that is, the Japanese Guoguanbai rebellion mentioned in the treasure box). During the two wars, Toyotomi Hideyoshi mobilized up to 300,000 troops (including 100,000 reserve troops) and 150,000 troops; the Ming Dynasty mobilized 40,000 and 70,000 troops respectively (later increased to 110,000 troops to deal with the Japanese city built by the Japanese army in large numbers).
Wanli Korean War had a profound impact on the political and military structure of East Asia at that time. This battle was the last glory of the Ming Dynasty's foreign war, but it also led to financial difficulties and weakening of the border army's system. After that, Japan was also severely damaged. Tokugawa replaced Toyotomi and became the dominant master of Japan. Then it had to close the country and maintain peace until three hundred years later.
△ The Battle of Korea in Wanli (although the Japanese army came across the sea, it was much easier to supply than the Ming army, and the total strength was more than that of the Ming Dynasty)
△ The Battle of Dew Liang (the largest naval battle in Asia at that time)
In the Battle of Dew Liang, Ming , the Korean coalition and the Japanese army all claimed to have won a great victory. However, as the last large-scale naval battle led by the Ming government, many senior generals (such as the veteran Deng Zihui who led the way and Li Shunchen, the Duke of Zhongwu of Korea), were killed in the Ming Dynasty. Although they achieved their strategic intentions, it is hard to tell how the results of the battle were. They were far inferior to those of cutting melons and vegetables during the Battle of Baijiangkou. The decline was already obvious.
△ The proud "Sejong King" class destroyer of the South Korean Navy, its second ship was named after Lee Sun-sen
7. After the war against the Netherlands and the Battle of Liaoluo Bay, the Ming Dynasty entered the countdown to its demise. At this time, Zheng Chenggong began to rise and quickly replaced the Ming Dynasty's vacuum on the sea. At its peak, it had more than 3,000 warships. On the sea of East Asia, whether it is the colonists of Britain, , Netherlands, , Spain, or public and private maritime merchants from all over the country, they must pay taxes and tribute (in the later period, each ship would have to charge 3,000 taels of silver and hang the Zheng family flag to ensure safety).
△ The main warship of Zheng Army: bird ship
△: Zheng Jun’s main warship: Wuwei Ship (24 guns, 480 crew members)
To Chongzhen Five years ago, the Dutch East India Company took advantage of the time when Zheng Zhilong was busy dealing with Liu Xiang, and sent a fleet to force the enemy governments in the southeast coastal areas of the Ming Dynasty to surrender with force.
△ Dutch warship
In the Battle of Liaoluo Bay, the Ming army adopted the classic and Oriental war-style fire attack tactics. With the obvious overall military equipment disadvantage, it completely shattered the invasion of the Dutch . From then on, the Netherlands never dared to speak out war lightly.
△ Battle of Liaoluo Bay
8. The fall of Ming Zheng - Shi Lang conquered Taiwan
When the Ming Dynasty was destroyed, because Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, his brother Zheng Hongkui , his son Zheng Chenggong and others strongly opposed it and broke up with him. Later, Emperor Longwu adopted Zheng Chenggong and gave him the surname of the country. After the fall of the Southern Ming Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong actively resisted the Qing Dynasty. Feeling that the Xiamen base had no strategic space, he raised an army to recover Taiwan from the Dutch and used it as a base to counterattack Qing Dynasty several times.
△ Zheng Chenggong regained Taiwan (the battle at the end of the north line)
△ Ironman army fought against the Dutch musket team (A Xuanyi front town, B Zheng army commander, C rounded to the flank Xuanyi back town, D Dutch musket team)
△ Zheng Ming’s five-masted sand ship
△ The Western-style castle built by the Netherlands in Taiwan (Jeranzha City, also known as Anping Castle)
After Zheng Chenggong’s death, Ming Zheng gradually declined, and a corner of his power fell into fierce internal struggle. In 1683, Emperor Chongzhen died for 39 years and Emperor Yongli was hanged 21 years after he was hanged, Shi Lang led the Qing army to pacify Taiwan, and the Ming Dynasty was completely destroyed.
△ The Qing Dynasty decided to pacify Taiwan’s triumphant map
Form, existence, deterioration, and rise and fall. The Ming Navy starts from rivers, flourishes in the oceans, and dies on isolated islands. In ancient Chinese history, no regime has ever had such a close relationship with the navy.
Since the fall of the Ming Dynasty, China has been in a closed-door country for two hundred years. When the British defeated Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands and made a comeback as the world overlords, even if Zhu Wan, Qi Jiguang and Zheng were successfully resurrected, they would have no resistance.
Another hundred years later, the modern history from the Opium War in 1840 is a more painful historical lesson.
All of you have read the three hundred years of history of the rise and fall of the Ming Navy. The author was unable to calm down and was inspired. He praised the poem:
chant the three hundred years of history of the Ming Navy.
Poyang Lake Ding Jiuzhou, and the east and west are fighting against enemies.
300 heroes of the rise and fall, and they are defeated by the country for two hundred autumns.
Follow me and share with you the moving moments in history.
