" I went there in the past , the willows sway; now I think about it, rain and snow ", this is a popular poem in "The Book of Songs" " Xiaoya· Caiwei ", which means, (a soldier who has been guarding the border for many years) When I went to war, the willows swayed in the wind. Now on my way back, heavy snow is flying all over the sky.
This poem is called one of the best verses among the three hundred chapters of the Book of Songs. The famous thinker of the Ming Dynasty Wang Fuzhi commented in "Jiangzhai Poetry Talk": "Write sadness with joy, and write joy with sorrow and joy with sorrow, double the sorrow and joy." Qing Dynasty Literary theorist Liu Xizai in "Art " praises this poem: "The elegant man is profound and is borrowing the scenery to express romance."
This poem has a profound influence and later formed a custom of "breaking willows to see you off". In ancient times, once relatives and friends were about to separate, the sender would always fold a willow branch and give it to the traveler . Because "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, they can mean retention. Farewell and break willows Gift shows the desire to be hard to separate, unable to bear to part with each other, and reluctant to leave. There is a song "Broken Willow Branches" in the " Yuefu Poetry Collection" of Han Dynasty , which records this custom: " does not catch the whip on the horse, but instead stumbling willow branches. Get off the horse and blow flute , worrying about killing guests. "
During the Tang Dynasty , the custom of folding willow farewell was more common. There is a river in the eastern suburbs of Chang'an City , called Bashui, and there is a bridge on the river called Ba Bridge , on both sides of the Ba Bridge, a ten-mile long dike, and willows are formed on the river bank, which is just right for breaking willows to bid farewell. Therefore, Baqiao became a famous farewell place. Officials left Beijing, relatives and friends said goodbye, and people came here. After drinking farewell wine, folding willow branches, and writing farewell poems, they separated and became a fashion at that time, which formed an allusion: breaking willows from Baling.
Tang Dynasty poet Han Cong , there is a poem "Celebration of Willow Branches": " branches are slender in waist, leaves and eyebrows, and they are as good as silk everywhere in spring. There are many farewells on the Baling Plain, and few long strips hang over the ground" . This shows the custom of breaking willows in . Because there are too many people who bid farewell, the willow branches are almost decimated, and there are few long willow branches hanging from the ground.
There are many trees in the world, why not break other branches and insist on breaking willows to say goodbye? I think in addition to homophonics, there are two other reasons. One is that willow trees are the most common tree species and are planted all over the country, making it easy to fold. Another reason is that the vitality of willow branches is tenacious. willow branches can be planted and live as they are. This characteristic of willow branches means that when relatives arrive in a different place, they can be as they like, quickly integrate into local life, and everything goes well.
When poets break willows and say goodbye, of course they must display their talents, break a willow branch and write a song of separation. In order to facilitate reading by friends, the author carefully selected ten famous Tang poems, showing the willow-breaking complex of Tang literati. Please enjoy them together:
1. " Send Yuan 2 Envoy Anxi "
Tang: Wang Wei
The morning rain in Weicheng is light dust, and the green willows are fresh in the guest house.
I advise you to have a glass of wine, and there is no friend when you go west to Yangguan.
The light rain in the morning moistened the dust on the ground in Weicheng. The hostel was washed clean by the spring rain, and the weeping willow buds on both sides spit new.
sincerely advise my friends to ask you to do this glass of wine and go west to Yangguan, and it will be difficult to meet old relatives.
yuan two, unknown name, ranking second, is a friend of the great poet Wang Wei. He was ordered to go on an envoy to Anxi ( Tang Dynasty Anxi Protectorate , the capital is located in Kucha City, today's Kuqa Market, Xinjiang). Before leaving, Wang Wei came to the inn in Weicheng (now Xianyang, Shaanxi) and slashed willows to see him off, writing this famous farewell poem.
This poem caused a sensation as soon as it was published. At that time, it was broadcasted as a musical song by musicians " Weicheng Song " , also known as "Yangguan Sandidi", was widely sung and became a popular golden song at that time and was deeply loved by people.
"I advise you to have a glass of wine, and you will have no friends when you go west to Yangguan." is a famous line of . It has deep affection and is passed down continuously. It is still cited when people part.
2. " Spring Night at Luocheng Flute "
Tang: Li Bai
Whose jade flute is flying darkly, scattering into the spring breeze to fill Luocheng.
I heard the willows breaking in this nocturne, who can’t have a love for the hometown?
Which house is this melodious flute sound floating out? It flutters with the spring breeze and spreads throughout the city. Tonight, in the misty sound of the flute, I heard the song "-fold willow " that misses my hometown. Who can not feel sad about my hometown?
AD 734 ( Tang Xuanzong Kaiyuan 22nd year), Li Bai traveled to Luoyang, the eastern capital. One night, Li Bai was in the inn, and accidentally heard someone playing the song "Broken Willows". The melodious sound of flute triggered Li Bai's homesickness, and he couldn't help but write this poem.
In order to realize his lofty ambitions, Li Bai left home to wander in his twenties, and later lived in Hubei, Shandong, Chang'an and other places for a long time. For wanderers, homesickness is inevitable. Especially when you hear the song "Broken Willow" full of parting and grievances, it is natural to trigger your homesickness. Therefore, Li Bai's writing this poem was a natural result. It seems sincere and touching from the heart, and has aroused strong resonance in the hearts of wanderers for thousands of years.
3. "Broken Willow"
Tang: Zhang Jiuling
Fragrant Willow, hold this to your lover.
Why is a branch worth a lot? I pity the spring in my hometown.
The scene can last long, but the fragrance is not as new as the new.
is even more worried about the conquest of the guards, and the faces of the old and dusty sides.
Zhang Jiuling was a famous prime minister during the Tang Dynasty Xuanzong period and a famous poet. He was elegant and graceful, and people praised him as "Qujiang demeanor". After he stopped his prime minister, whenever someone recommended talents to Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang asked, "Is he as handsome as Jiuling?"
"Broken Willows" is a farewell poem by Zhang Jiuling. The lover wants to guard the border. The woman personally broke a willow branch with her slender jade hand and gave it to her lover who was about to travel far away. She told him affectionately: A willow branch is not worthy of preciousness, but should be attached to and loved the beautiful spring scenery of her hometown. The beautiful spring light cannot be permanent, and the newly broken branches will gradually wither over the long journey. As time goes by, people will get old and get frosted, and they will be old and have a border, and it will be difficult to meet again in this life.
This poem is written in a sad and tortuous way, timeless and profound way. After reading it, it makes people feel sad and heartbroken.
4. " Qingmen Liu "
Tang: Bai Juyi
A green tree is sad, and has been in the separation and hatred of several people.
is a farewell to the nearest town, and the long strips are all broken and the spring breeze is reduced.
The green color of the willow tree is a sad color. How many people who parted are separated in such a situation. There are also people who bid farewell to see off the nearby levels, and everyone breaks willows to see off the farewell friends.
The capital of the Tang Dynasty was Chang'an, and the east gate of Chang'an was named Bachengmen, commonly known as Qingmen. There is a river outside Qingmen called Bashui, and there is a bridge on the river called Baqiao . At that time, people usually gave away guests here and then broke willows and gave them farewell. Later, "Qingmen Liu" became an allusion to give away farewell.
Bai Juyi's poem describes the scene of farewell. Giving the willows to express the feelings of being difficult to separate, unable to bear to part with each other, and reluctant to part with each other. It also expresses Bai Juyi's feelings of sadness and sighing farewell.
. " Jibei Travel Thoughts"
Tang: card
day day looking at the country, empty songs of white rhubarb.
is because I am sending someone to someone else’s place, and I remember when I was there.
I still speak alone when I am frustrated, but I only know that I am worried.
The willow outside the door of the guest pavilion is broken to the south branch.
Every day I look at my hometown from afar, singing the "White Rain Dance Song" of my hometown in vain. I often recall the scene when I parted with my hometown because I sent my friends back to my hometown.
mutters to himself when he is not satisfied, and only I know how much homesickness is. The willows outside the gate of the guest pavilion are green, and the willow branches facing the south are broken.
Zhang Ji, whose courtesy name is Wenchang, was a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty. His family was from Wujiang, Hezhou (now Wujiang Town, Hexian County, Anhui). Jibei is now Tianjin. When Zhang Ji was living in Jibei, a friend was about to return south. After he broke the willows and sent him to see him off, he aroused his endless longing for his hometown. He wrote this poem. His emotions were delicate and real, tactful and moving, and expressed his homesickness.
6, "Two Poems of Liangzhou·One"
Tang: Wang Zhihuan
Yellow River Across the white clouds, an isolated city of ten thousand feet of mountains.
Why should Qiang flute blame the willows? The spring breeze does not cross Yumen Pass .
The Yellow River rolls away, and from a distance it looks like it is connected to the white clouds. An isolated city, Yumen Pass, stands tall among the mountains, looking lonely and cold.
Why use Qiang flute to blow the sad " Willow Song " to complain about the delay in spring coming? It turns out that the spring breeze cannot blow from Yumen Pass!
This frontier poem is written by Wang Zhihuan in a bold and desolate spirit, with generous and tragic tone, resentful but not angry, and sad but not sad. fully demonstrates the open-minded and broad mind of people during the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which is the most attractive part of this poem.
Mencius said: "Those who win the hearts of others will win the world." In literature, the same is true for writing articles and writing poems. What can touch people's hearts are good poems and good articles.
Wang Zhihuan only left six poems in his life, and his works are not many. The two poems " Liangzhou Ci " and "Climbing the Stork Tower" are enough to make him famous for all generations.
7, "Liangzhou Ci" two poems
Tang: Wang Han
Flowers and birds in Qin have already responded to the slanting, and the wind and sand outside the border are still cold.
Listening to the willows at night, it teaches people to remember Chang'an with all their might.
At this time, it should be the late spring season when flowers and birds are singing, but outside the border, there is still wind and sand everywhere, and the sky is cold and cold. Listening to the desolate "Broken Willows" at night, evokes the soldiers' deep homesickness for Chang'an.
Wang Han was a famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty. He joined the army as a military officer, and was responsible for transporting horses, food, grass and other military supplies to the northwest front line. He was very familiar with the situation of frontline soldiers.
Wang Han wrote two poems "Liangzhou Ci", one of which is particularly famous: grape wine luminous cup, and if you want to drink pipa immediately urges. Don’t laugh at me when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people have returned from the battles in ancient times? has touched countless passionate men and was recommended as a seven-character quatrain in the Tang Dynasty by the famous Ming Dynasty writer Wang Shizhen .
The poem Wang Han depicts the different characteristics of the frontier scenery and the mainland. It uses the severe cold spring and the sound of Huba to describe the psychological activities of the soldiers, and truly reflects the living conditions of the soldiers on the border. The poetry style is desolate and tragic, full of chivalrous and tenderness.
8. "Nine Poems of Willow Branches" It is eight
Tang: Liu Yuxi
Outside the city, the spring breeze blows the wine flag, and pedestrians wave their sleeves to the west.
The endless trees on the roads of Chang'an are the only ones who part.
Spring breeze blows the flags of the hotel outside Chang'an City. As the sun sets, the pedestrians wave goodbye one after another. There are countless trees on Chang'an Road, and only willows embody people's lovesickness and separation.
Liu Yuxi Use freehand brushwork to concisely outline a beautiful picture of "the wind blows the flag", "the setting sun", and "the willows to bid farewell". Focusing on the theme of "farewell", it bluntly said that only the willows know the best of the separation in the world, creating a peaceful, distant and deep emotional state.
9, "Farewell to Friends on the Huai River"
Tang: Zhenggu
Yangtze River willows spring, and the willow flowers are sad to kill people crossing the river.
number sound bagpipe left pavilion, you look to Xiaoxiang and I look to Qin.
At the dock of the Yangtze River, the willows are green, the spring colors are fascinating, and the willow catkins flying all over the sky touch the people crossing the river with sorrow of parting.
In the twilight, in the pavilion, the breeze heard the sound of a whistle and swallowing flute. We waved goodbye. You were going south to Xiaoxiang, but I was going to run towards West Qin.
Zheng Gu was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. He was able to write poetry at the age of seven. The famous poet and poetic theorist at that time was very surprised when he saw it. He happily patted Zheng Gu's shoulder and praised him, "It should be the hero of the generation of ".
After Zheng Gu's most famous poem " Partridge " was released, it was popular at that time and was widely circulated. It was known as the best poem to write partridges, so people called him "Zheng Partridge".
This poem "Farewell to Friends on Huai Shang" is a farewell poem written by Zheng Gu when he parted with his friends in Yangzhou . His poem contains emotions in the scenery, and the ending is profound and subtle, and is deeply loved by people. The sad soul that was left when you are close to each other, the infinite sorrow that goes to the end of the world, the long longing of the different paths of the north and south, and even the boundless loneliness in the long journey are all fully expressed in this without saying. Ming Dynasty writer Wang Yang praised in "Zhenze Changyu": ", I go to Xiaoxiang, I go to Qin ", without saying goodbye, but the meaning of goodbye is beyond words.
10, "Ode to the Willow"
Tang: Korean wei
The rain drags the wind and doesn't hold on to it, and the whole body is weak to the person.
Jade fiber is folded and given away from each other, just like Guanyin’s hand.
未分类 ( pronunciation: niǎo, the meaning of tied a horse with a ribbon. )
The willow trees tied with rain and dragging the wind cannot maintain their shape, and their whole body is weak and tilted towards people. The girl's delicate jade hand folded the willow branches and gave it to her lover who was about to travel far away. It was as precious as the willow branches in the jade bottle in Guanyin's hand.
Han Wei was a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and his uncle was the famous Li Shangyin . He was smart and studious since childhood. When he was ten years old, he once wrote poems impromptu, which shocked everyone in the room. Li Shangyin happily wrote poems and praised Han Wei: "The young phoenix is clearer than the sound of the old phoenix."
This is a farewell poem describing love. The first two sentences describe the shape of the willow branch very anthropomorphic, which implies a delicate woman. Later, "Yuxian" is the beautiful girl's slender jade hand, which leads to a beautiful girl. She broke willows and gave it to her lover who was about to travel far away. The lover couldn't let go of her love and thought it was as precious as the willow branch in the jade bottle in Guanyin's hand, because this willow branch is full of the girl's love and expectations.
A willow branch, a song of separation. The above are ten famous Tang poems carefully selected by the author, showing the willow-breaking complex of Tang literati. Of course, there are many poems on this type of subject, and friends are welcome to add and give advice!
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