With the new indication of the nine-valent HPV vaccine approved by National Medical Products Administration , the applicable population has expanded from the previous 16 to 26 years old to 9 to 45 years old women. There are more people who can get the HPV vaccine , and there are more questions about the selection of vaccine types. What are the differences between several HPV vaccines in
? Do you need to hit another one if you beat one? Can HPV vaccination replace cervical cancer screening? Regarding the various questions about HPV vaccination, Chief Physician Cheng Xiaodong, deputy director of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, answered them and let’s take a look.
Source: Xinhua News Agency
Question: What is the difference between bivalent, tetravalent and ninevalent? What does "price" mean?
Answer: The "price" of HPV vaccine does not refer to the price, but represents the preventable virus type of the vaccine. A vaccine that can prevent several types of vaccines is called a multivalent vaccine. human papillomavirus (hereinafter referred to as HPV) is a "big family" that includes more than 200 different types. According to their characteristics, they are divided into two categories: low-risk types such as type 6 and type 11, which are mainly related to genital warts; high-risk types such as type 16 and type 18, which are mainly related to cervical cancer . Among the
HPV vaccines, the one that can prevent types 16 and 18 is called the bivalent vaccine. In addition to types 16 and 18, the quadrivalent vaccine can also prevent types 6 and 11; the nine-valent vaccine can prevent nine types, including type 6, type 11, type 16, type 18, type 31, type 33, type 45, type 52, and type 58.
Question: I have already tried the divalent or quadrivalent, is it still necessary to try the nine-valent?
There are relevant clinical trials abroad to verify that it is safe and effective to receive the nine-valent vaccine after 12 months of vaccination, but there is still a lack of research evidence on divalent vaccination and then nine-valent vaccination after vaccination. If the divalent or tetravalent has not been vaccinated yet (such as the first or second dose after vaccination), it is not recommended to change to the ninth-valent, and there is still a lack of relevant safety and effectiveness research evidence.
From the perspective of preventing cervical cancer, bivalent and tetravalent can prevent about 70% of cervical cancer , and nine-valent can prevent about 90% of cervical cancer. In the current shortage of HPV vaccines, according to the primary prevention strategy of cervical cancer, it is not recommended to get the divalent or quadrivalent before getting the divalent. Limited resources should be given priority to women of the best vaccination age aged 9-15, which can achieve better prevention of cervical cancer.
Source: Xinhua News Agency
Question: Can cervical cancer be caused by HPV infection?
Answer: The cause of cervical cancer is very clear and is related to 99% HPV infection. 80% of women may have been infected with HPV virus in their lifetime. HPV infection is divided into two forms: most of the "transient HPV carrying status" and a small number of "sustaining infections", but only high-risk types of persistent infection are closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer.
Question: I have been infected with the HPV virus, is it still necessary to get vaccinated?
Answer: The probability of reinfection after HPV infection exists, and the antibodies produced by natural HPV infection are difficult to prevent reinfection of the same type of HPV. Vaccines can produce better protective antibodies, so even if HPV is infected with the virus and is vaccinated, it is still effective in preventing recurring infections.
Question: Is there a term for vaccine protection?
Answer: Since the HPV vaccine was launched in 2006, it has been confirmed through long-term follow-up studies that the HPV vaccine has 14 years of protective effect, but there is currently no evidence to prove that the HPV vaccine has lifelong protective effect.
HPV vaccine cannot prevent all HR-HPV types. A few cervical cancers may not be related to HPV infection, especially HPV-negative special type of cancer, so they cannot play a 100% protective effect.
It is particularly important to remind you that after receiving the HPV vaccine, women with sex still need to undergo cervical cancer screening regularly every 3 to 5 years. It is recommended to combine HPV and cervical cytology screening.
Question: Can you rest assured after getting vaccinated?
Answer: The prevention and treatment of cervical cancer is actually done better than the prevention and treatment of other diseases.It has " primary prevention ", which is the method of using HPV vaccine - among all malignant tumors, cervical cancer is the first and only currently the only one that can be prevented and treated with vaccines; secondary prevention is that cervical cancer can be discovered through screening in the early stages, and by blocking cancer cells, it prevents this disease. tertiary prevention is that through appropriate treatment, the patient's survival rate can be improved.
But one thing to note is that this vaccine is not all cervical cancers that can be prevented and treated. As mentioned earlier, no vaccine can reach 100%. Therefore, getting cervical cancer vaccine is not a "sleeping in peace". Vaccination with HPV vaccine cannot replace cervical cancer screening. Combining vaccination with cervical cancer screening is the best way to prevent cervical cancer.
Question: What should I do if I can’t get vaccinated after my age?
Answer: If the vaccination is not done on time, cervical cancer screening must be carried out regularly in the future. Cervical cancer itself is good after recovery. If it is discovered early, the cure rate can generally reach more than 95%. Young people can still retain fertility and ovarian functions. Modern medicine has many ways to treat it, so don’t talk about HPV infection and feel very panic.
Question: Can get HPV vaccine during pregnancy, pregnancy, lactation period be used?
Answer: It is recommended not to be vaccinated for the time being. Pregnancy, pregnancy and breastfeeding are closely related to the health of the offspring. There is currently no sufficient evidence to prove that the vaccine has no effect on maternal and infant health in these special periods.
