1. Overview of sea freight
Ocean Freight, broadly defined as all sea-related business activities. But to the present, the sea transportation we mentioned generally means maritime transportation, such as bulk cargo transportation, container transportation, and other port-to-port maritime transportation.
2. Current status of the maritime operation industry
With the rapid development of China's economy, China has become one of the most important maritime transport countries in the world. 19% of the world's bulk shipping goods are shipped to China, and 20% of the container shipping comes from China; and 60% to 70% of the newly added bulk shipping goods are shipped to China. China's port cargo throughput and container throughput have ranked first in the world; China accounts for 3 of the top five container throughput ports in the world.
The upstream of the maritime industry is basic supply industries such as ship construction and port terminals, and the downstream is basic industries serving national economic infrastructure such as steel and real estate. According to the different goods transported, the maritime industry is mainly divided into dry bulk cargo transportation, oil transportation and container transportation. The transmission effect of the maritime industry chain is from the bottom up, that is, the downstream transportation demand will drive the prosperity and decline of maritime transportation. The longer cycle of supply of the upstream shipbuilding industry will increase the contradiction between supply and demand mismatch in the industry, causing severe fluctuations in the cycle.
2021 With the gradual recovery of the global economy, the container shipping market has developed rapidly. In 2020, the total global shipping container trade volume reached 1.959 billion tons, accounting for about 17% of the total global shipping trade market, an increase of 1 percentage point from 2020. From the perspective of trade volume growth rate, in 2021, container transportation was the fastest growing segment in the entire maritime market, with an increase of 5.8%, 2.2 percentage points higher than the overall growth rate of the maritime market.
Recently, the Shanghai export container comprehensive freight index of released by Shanghai Shipping Exchange was 2072.04 points, down 10.4% from the previous period (last week). According to data from the Baltic Sea Transport Exchange, in January this year, the price of a 40-foot container from China to , the west coast of the United States was about US$10,000, and the price in August was about US$4,000, a 60% drop, a drop of more than 80% compared with the average price of US$20,000 at the highest last year.
As freight rates fall, major airlines have also adjusted their transportation rhythm. A relevant person in charge of , a international logistics company in Shenzhen, told Titanium Media APP that overseas demand is currently sluggish and shipping prices continue to decline. Airlines can only stabilize the speed of price decline by reducing flights.
3. Development prospects of the sea operation industry
Shipping is the artery of global trade and the "barometer" of the world economy. It has many advantages such as low cost, wide coverage and large transportation volume. On the one hand, the outbreak of the new crown epidemic has led to a serious lack of global shipping capacity. On the other hand, with the gradual recovery of the economy, the demand for shipping has gradually recovered. Under the influence of dual factors, the supply and demand imbalance in the sea freight market has become increasingly serious, and international shipping prices have soared. Data shows that from 2019 to 2020, China's maritime import and export volume grew from 3.23 billion tons to 3.46 billion tons, with an average annual compound growth rate of 6.7%. At present, my country has become a major global maritime transportation country. When the global epidemic broke out and the international trade order was chaotic, my country has become a major player in global trade, and the maritime industry has played a crucial role in it.
The international shipping market is affected by the three main domestic and foreign macro lines of continuous interest rate hikes in the United States, , Europe's energy shortage and domestic "stable growth". The overall operation shows characteristics such as "differences in freight trends, reconstruction of trade patterns, low-speed supply growth, easing of port congestion and inland river impacts on oceans". From the perspective of the four major markets, container and dry bulk freight freight costs have dropped significantly year-on-year, while oil tankers and gas ship market freight costs have increased, and the market prosperity has increased significantly.
In addition, according to the Environmental Protection Foundation (EDF), the shipping industry undertakes about 90% of the world's trade transportation services' greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 3% of the total global emissions. The shipping industry has a great impact on global carbon emissions. With the implementation of the industry's sulfur limit order and the strict carbon emission regulations, the international community's environmental protection requirements for the shipping industry have been further improved, and the development trend of the marine operation industry towards green, energy-saving and sustainable has become inevitable.
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