Abyss in the sky
The moon is the threshold of the earth.
Only when we step over the threshold, go further to the solar system, to the farther reaches of the Milky Way, and land on other planets and asteroids, can human beings truly travel far away from home. This is the next step after Earth's atmospheric flight and near-Earth space flight: interplanetary and interstellar navigation.
Interplanetary voyage into deep space
Interplanetary voyage is a voyage within the solar system. Before manned interplanetary navigation was realized, humans had launched a large number of unmanned probes, and the earliest probes launched had already flown out of the solar system. Among the many planets in the solar system,
humans were once most interested in Mars. For practical purposes, Mars was most likely to be transformed into a colony suitable for human habitation. Alternative objects beyond Mars are Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Titan.
There are countless assumptions about interplanetary navigation and space immigration in science fiction novels and popular science works. In these works, humans may have set foot in the solar system's gold, wood, water, fire, earth, Uranus, Neptune and other planets as well as their satellites. , also includes some asteroids and comets of investigation value, and countless temporary or permanent bases have been established. Humans can capture meteors in space and transform them into spaceships,
, or use huge icebergs on the earth or even freeze the seawater on the earth to create a "space ice ship." A "controllable vacuum decay" technology can artificially create a emptier "true vacuum" in the universe, sucking the existing cosmic vacuum in as a "pseudo vacuum", and the earth's atmosphere and oceans can also be driven by it. , merge into a huge current and rush into space, and humans can ride on the spacecraft and go up the river. In terms of power for navigation, in addition to traditional rocket power, various power sources such as ion engines, electromagnetic hydrodynamics, space tethers, hydrogen cannons, nuclear fusion, magnetic monopoles, antimatter, vacuum zero-point energy, and space-time field resonance are also envisaged. plan. Among them, the plan of using solar wind to blow the sails to provide power in the science fiction novel "Solar Sailing" by Clark is worth mentioning. He used the novel to add some technical details.
made the idea known by providing a realistic picture of the scene. The promotion of solar sails and is laser sails, and microwaves are emitted from a series of spacecraft power stations to pave "cosmic highways" in space to propel spacecraft on the roads.
Biodynamic flight, which has not been realized in the earth's atmosphere, appears frequently here again, and has expanded from animals to plants. The British science fiction novel "Jungle Greenhouse" describes a plant on the earth that can grow all the way to the moon. At this time, the moon has drifted far away from its original orbit. Humans can climb to the moon by following this plant, which is obviously equivalent to Completed interplanetary biodynamic flight.
The American science fiction novel "Golden Apples of the Sun" takes a different approach, describing the exploration of the sun by human spacecraft, and even plundering part of the sun's surface.
Another science fiction novel "Weather on the Sun" allows humans to go deep into the core of the sun, adjust the deviated thermonuclear reaction there, restore it to balance, and prevent disasters caused by changes in solar energy. The sun is a blazing star. If a manned spacecraft wants to enter its interior, the first technical problem is to isolate it from its terrible high temperature. If the outer shell of the spacecraft is made of the heavy matter mentioned in "Boles is a Crazy Place", then the ultra-high density of the heavy matter can effectively delay the burning of the sun, and the spacecraft will be completed before it burns through the outer outer shell. The mission flew away from the sun. This still applies the principle of covering the outer shell of traditional rockets and space shuttles with a layer of ablative material. When severe friction with the atmosphere generates high temperatures, the ablative material on the outside of the rocket or space shuttle will be gradually burned away, and the cargo inside will be burned away. The human cabin can always maintain a lower temperature, keeping the astronauts safe and sound.
Although the "Sun Landing" is an on-the-spot investigation of a star, it is still an interplanetary voyage in terms of distance. Once beyond the edge of the solar system, humans will enter a new and broader world of interstellar navigation.
Abyss in the sky
The moon is the threshold of the earth.
Only when we step over the threshold, go further to the solar system, to the farther reaches of the Milky Way, and land on other planets and asteroids, can human beings truly travel far away from home. This is the next step after Earth's atmospheric flight and near-Earth space flight: interplanetary and interstellar navigation.
Interplanetary voyage into deep space
Interplanetary voyage is a voyage within the solar system. Before manned interplanetary navigation was realized, humans had launched a large number of unmanned probes, and the earliest probes launched had already flown out of the solar system. Among the many planets in the solar system,
humans were once most interested in Mars. For practical purposes, Mars was most likely to be transformed into a colony suitable for human habitation. Alternative objects beyond Mars are Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Titan.
There are countless assumptions about interplanetary navigation and space immigration in science fiction novels and popular science works. In these works, humans may have set foot in the solar system's gold, wood, water, fire, earth, Uranus, Neptune and other planets as well as their satellites. , also includes some asteroids and comets of investigation value, and countless temporary or permanent bases have been established. Humans can capture meteors in space and transform them into spaceships,
, or use huge icebergs on the earth or even freeze the seawater on the earth to create a "space ice ship." A "controllable vacuum decay" technology can artificially create a emptier "true vacuum" in the universe, sucking the existing cosmic vacuum in as a "pseudo vacuum", and the earth's atmosphere and oceans can also be driven by it. , merge into a huge current and rush into space, and humans can ride on the spacecraft and go up the river. In terms of power for navigation, in addition to traditional rocket power, various power sources such as ion engines, electromagnetic hydrodynamics, space tethers, hydrogen cannons, nuclear fusion, magnetic monopoles, antimatter, vacuum zero-point energy, and space-time field resonance are also envisaged. plan. Among them, the plan of using solar wind to blow the sails to provide power in the science fiction novel "Solar Sailing" by Clark is worth mentioning. He used the novel to add some technical details.
made the idea known by providing a realistic picture of the scene. The promotion of solar sails and is laser sails, and microwaves are emitted from a series of spacecraft power stations to pave "cosmic highways" in space to propel spacecraft on the roads.
Biodynamic flight, which has not been realized in the earth's atmosphere, appears frequently here again, and has expanded from animals to plants. The British science fiction novel "Jungle Greenhouse" describes a plant on the earth that can grow all the way to the moon. At this time, the moon has drifted far away from its original orbit. Humans can climb to the moon by following this plant, which is obviously equivalent to Completed interplanetary biodynamic flight.
The American science fiction novel "Golden Apples of the Sun" takes a different approach, describing the exploration of the sun by human spacecraft, and even plundering part of the sun's surface.
Another science fiction novel "Weather on the Sun" allows humans to go deep into the core of the sun, adjust the deviated thermonuclear reaction there, restore it to balance, and prevent disasters caused by changes in solar energy. The sun is a blazing star. If a manned spacecraft wants to enter its interior, the first technical problem is to isolate it from its terrible high temperature. If the outer shell of the spacecraft is made of the heavy matter mentioned in "Boles is a Crazy Place", then the ultra-high density of the heavy matter can effectively delay the burning of the sun, and the spacecraft will be completed before it burns through the outer outer shell. The mission flew away from the sun. This still applies the principle of covering the outer shell of traditional rockets and space shuttles with a layer of ablative material. When severe friction with the atmosphere generates high temperatures, the ablative material on the outside of the rocket or space shuttle will be gradually burned away, and the cargo inside will be burned away. The human cabin can always maintain a lower temperature, keeping the astronauts safe and sound.
Although the "Sun Landing" is an on-the-spot investigation of a star, it is still an interplanetary voyage in terms of distance. Once beyond the edge of the solar system, humans will enter a new and broader world of interstellar navigation.
Interstellar voyage in the sea of stars
The third cosmic speed of 16.7 kilometers per second is the minimum initial speed for flying out of the solar system, and the fourth cosmic speed of 110 kilometers per second to 220 kilometers per second is the minimum initial speed for flying out of the Milky Way.
Beyond the solar system and the Milky Way, there are many kinds of celestial bodies for human exploration. There are magical unknown areas everywhere, and it is also a big stage for science fiction novels to bring their imagination to the extreme. Humans can land on extremely dense white dwarfs like Boles,
neutron stars, and even black holes.
can also observe violent supernovae, quasars, and even the inversion white holes of black holes at close range. Human beings can find a diamond star composed of diamonds that is more valuable than gold everywhere, and they are even more willing to find a friendly alien civilization that is more developed than the earth.
In order to achieve these goals, human beings can endure artificial hibernation across huge time and space barriers, and can live on the same spaceship for generations to continue sailing. Or, as described in the American science fiction novel "Chasing a Wandering Star", a planet that is itself an intelligent life form is drifting in the universe. If humans directly drive it towards the goal, they can thrive on this planet, generation after generation. . One generation will eventually see the end of the voyage.
Human beings can steadily launch a series of detectors with artificial intelligence. Every time these intelligent detectors arrive at a planet, they establish a base, and they develop and utilize the resources on the planet to create new detectors; the new detectors fly to Next planet. Then establish a base, develop resources, manufacture detectors, and continue to sail into the depths of space station by station, forming a link-by-link Great Space Wall. This kind of detector is called a "von Neumann " detector, and the endless space city long chain they form can be called a von Neumann chain.
If humans can always control smart detectors, connect their brains to the detector's computer, and even transplant their own ideology directly to the detector's computer, then it will be equivalent to the continuous extension of the von Neumann chain. Traveling all the way to the end of the universe.
Moscow- Petersburg The automatic "cosmic metro" promotes the Moscow-Petersburg automatic metro plan recorded by Beleiliman in "Interesting Physics (Sequel)". It runs vertically underground between Moscow and Petersburg. By digging a tunnel, the train can travel back and forth inside without power traction and rely on its own weight. You can also find passages in the universe that use the force of gravity to travel automatically. The movement of the cosmic subway is actually an oscillation, like an isochronous pendulum.
In addition to the above, are there any other shortcuts to flying? The British science fiction writer Wells has imagined anti-gravity matter. Some science fiction works have also imagined focusing gravitational waves or shielding gravitational waves as the driving force for flight. This is actually correct. Application of the famous Mach principle between physics and philosophy. Leonardo da Vinci said: "A small bird weighs enough to move the earth."
Another similar explanation is provided by the British astronomer James Jeans: "Every time a child is thrown from its cradle When it is a toy, it will affect the movement of every planet in the universe." This all speaks of Mach's principle from an opposite perspective. Borrowing Lu Xun's famous saying: "In the midst of the enthusiasm of Hao Ge, I am cold; in the sky I see the abyss. In all eyes, I see nothing; in the hopelessness, I am saved." Mach's principle is to see the abyss everywhere in the sky, in the way of free fall Falling into space, completely resisting the rule of the earth's gravity and even the gravity of the universe.
There is another more direct and incredible way to reach the sky: human beings can even transform themselves beyond recognition and become mutated creatures that can survive in various extreme conditions such as space, with the ability to migrate long distances without external force, and then Go deep into various extreme environments and explore the hidden details. If humans want to carefully visit the largest scenery in the universe - the scenery in the dark matter area, then it is best for humans to transform themselves into dark matter people and dark energy people, for example: directly composed of neutrinos The Neutrino Man.Because the universe may be ruled by dark matter and dark energy, and its share accounts for 2/3 of the universe. Neutrinos are a type of dark matter that basically does not interact with ordinary matter. If human beings are still made of ordinary matter, then how can they feel the subtleties of neutrino dark matter, enter the territory of neutrino dark matter, and discover the beauty of the two-thirds of the universe hidden at the bottom?
American science fiction writer Jack Williamson's novel "Black Sun" imagines a quantum spacecraft that can fly in two quantum states: particle state and wave state. When setting off, the particle ship will be transformed into a wave ship. No matter how far a journey is, it can be accomplished in one go. At this time, the astronauts in the spacecraft are also people in a quantum state. They can be in two quantum states of particles and waves at the same time. Wave flight can also pass through two or even multiple routes at the same time, bypassing obstacles that hinder the particle spacecraft. After arriving at the destination, the wave-state spacecraft is converted into a particle-state spacecraft again, and the wave-state astronauts in the spacecraft are also converted into normal particle-state astronauts. has a similar idea. Commonly known as "material fax" and "material fax machine", it is really a simple and trouble-free transportation tool, but if it needs to have a sending end and a receiving end, then it must be handled by other means first. The receiving end is placed at the destination. Even with this inconvenience, there are many science fiction novels describing such voyages. Quantum humans, quantum spaceships and material faxes actually involve the third basic element of the universe besides matter and energy: information. Although there have long been many ideas about super-light speed in science fiction, the speed of light is still a "light barrier" that is insurmountable by both matter and energy. Only information can be transmitted at super-light speed. Einstein and Bohr The debate about the so-called "EPR Paradox" between the two scientific giants is about the difference between information and material energy. Quantum people are people who exist in an information state and can travel faster than light. If humans can measure the radius and mass of the entire universe, then using the formulas used to derive the first to fourth cosmic velocities, we can also derive the so-called fifth cosmic velocity. The fifth cosmic speed may also be a super-light speed. If human navigation reaches this speed, it will fly out of the universe and realize inter-space navigation.
American science fiction writer Jack Williamson's novel "Black Sun" imagines a quantum spacecraft that can fly in two quantum states: particle state and wave state. When setting off, the particle ship will be transformed into a wave ship. No matter how far a journey is, it can be accomplished in one go. At this time, the astronauts in the spacecraft are also people in a quantum state. They can be in two quantum states of particles and waves at the same time. Wave flight can also pass through two or even multiple routes at the same time, bypassing obstacles that hinder the particle spacecraft. After arriving at the destination, the wave-state spacecraft is converted into a particle-state spacecraft again, and the wave-state astronauts in the spacecraft are also converted into normal particle-state astronauts. has a similar idea. Commonly known as "material fax" and "material fax machine", it is really a simple and trouble-free transportation tool, but if it needs to have a sending end and a receiving end, then it must be handled by other means first. The receiving end is placed at the destination. Even with this inconvenience, there are many science fiction novels describing such voyages. Quantum humans, quantum spaceships and material faxes actually involve the third basic element of the universe besides matter and energy: information. Although there have long been many ideas about super-light speed in science fiction, the speed of light is still a "light barrier" that is insurmountable by both matter and energy. Only information can be transmitted at super-light speed. Einstein and Bohr The debate about the so-called "EPR Paradox" between the two scientific giants is about the difference between information and material energy. Quantum people are people who exist in an information state and can travel faster than light. If humans can measure the radius and mass of the entire universe, then using the formulas used to derive the first to fourth cosmic velocities, we can also derive the so-called fifth cosmic velocity. The fifth cosmic speed may also be a super-light speed. If human navigation reaches this speed, it will fly out of the universe and realize inter-space navigation.
