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Full explanation of my country's first independently developed rocket launcher : Type 70 62mm anti-tank rocket launcher (Part 1) was born in the Sino-Soviet conflict
Continued from the above article "Full explanation of my country's first independently developed rocket launcher: Type 70 62mm anti-tank rocket launcher (Part 1) Born in the Sino-Soviet Conflict》
In the 1980s, our public security force soldiers used the Type 70-1 62mm individual anti-tank rocket launcher for training
The first part of this article introduced the innovation and structure of the Type 70 rocket launcher, and the next part will show the Type 70 rocket It is an improved version of and Type 70 rocket launcher - Type 70-1 rocket launcher.
rocket
70 type rocket launcher equipped with 70 type armor-piercing rockets with a diameter of 62mm, referred to as "62-breaking". The entire bomb is composed of a warhead, a piezoelectric fuze, an engine and an electric ignition device.
warhead
warhead is composed of a drug-shaped cover, explosives, partitions, etc. The medicine-shaped cover has a single-cone and equal-wall thickness structure, and is spun from a copper plate with good plasticity and heavy specific gravity. The detonation velocity of the main propellant column is as high as 8300m/s and the mass is 268g. The auxiliary propellant column uses the same explosive and has a mass of 82g. The partition is made of non-metallic polymer material. Its function is to change the propagation direction of the detonation wave of the secondary charge column, which is beneficial to improving the concentration of metal jet , thereby increasing the armor penetration depth.
62mm Armor-piercing projectile Cross-sectional view
Type 70 62mm armor-piercing rocket with the tail fin in the open state
Electro-1 armor fuse head structure diagram
Electro-1 armor fuse main part structure diagram
Piezoelectric fuze
The fuze is the entire rocket The most complex part of the missile structure, whether its design is reasonable or not, will directly affect the safety of the rocket and whether it can detonate timely and reliably when it hits the target. The fuse used in the
70 rocket is the Dian-1 armor fuze, which is also used in the 56-1 40mm rocket launcher armor-piercing projectile. The Dian-1 A fuze is a warhead-triggered bottom-detonation type, and its fuze head is connected to the fuze body located at the rear of the main charge through a wire.
This fuze is an improvement on the electric-1 fuze widely used in armor-piercing projectiles for domestic artillery. It does not have a self-destruct mechanism and is a fully safe fuze with piezoelectric ignition. The structure and performance of the Dian-1 A fuze are basically the same as those of the Dian-1 fuze, with only partial changes. The parts of the improved Dian-1 armor fuze are smaller in size and the anti-collision strength has been weakened to adapt to the characteristics of low muzzle velocity and low chamber pressure of individual anti-tank rockets.
Electric-1 A fuze consists of two parts: the fuze head and the fuze body. The head of the fuze is mounted on the top of the hood, and the whole is a hollow cylindrical shape made of aluminum alloy. The top of the fuze head is conical, and there is a ring groove at the rear end of the cone to weaken the fuze head to ensure that the fuze head can deform in time when it hits the target. Even when it hits the target at a large angle, the fuze head will be deformed. The ring groove can still deform the fuze head enough to compress the piezoelectric crystal without causing the entire fuze to fail. The main body of the
fuze is also cylindrical, installed at the bottom of the warhead charge, and connected to the shell to ensure a good grounding effect. The structure of the fuze body is relatively complex, consisting of an upper housing assembly, a slewing seat assembly and a base assembly, each of which contains several parts. When not in use, under the action of the internal spring force, the fuze body forms a double insurance against mechanical and circuit short circuits. The working principle of the
electric-1 A fuze is: when the rocket is launched, due to the action of inertia force, the inertia cylinder drops to the lowest position and no longer restricts the safety steel ball. The safety steel ball rolls down under the action of inertia force. This further removes the restriction on the rotary body. However, since the inertial eccentric moment and frictional moment of the rotary body are opposite to the rotational torque of the torsion spring at this time, and are greater than the rotational torque of the torsion spring of the rotary body, the rotary body cannot rotate. When the rocket flies out of the launch tube, the linear acceleration force exerted on the rocket by the rear-sprayed gunpowder gas gradually disappears, and the inertia eccentric moment and friction moment of the rotary body decrease accordingly. When the rotation moment of the torsion spring is greater than the combined force of the two moment, the rotary body begins to rotate.After rotating 90°, the rotation pin on the left side of the rotary body restricts the rotary body and aligns the detonator with the booster and detonating charges, while the conductive reed under the detonator stretches out and contacts the conductive column. The detonator is no longer short-circuited and the entire fuze is in a ready state. The time required for the rotary body to normalize is about 8 to 10 milliseconds, so the muzzle safety distance of the Type 70 rocket launcher is about 1m. When the fuze head collides with the target vertically, the fuze head begins to deform from below the ring groove and compresses the piezoelectric crystal (when the fuze hits the target at a large angle, the part above the ring groove bends, and the part below the ring groove deforms to one side bending, thereby compressing the piezoelectric crystal). After the piezoelectric crystal is compressed, it generates a voltage of thousands of volts. More than 90% of its energy enters the electric detonator from the conductive circuit of the fuze, causing it to explode, thereby detonating the main charge and producing a metal jet to destroy the target. The entire time from impacting the target to the explosion of the main charge is less than 100 microseconds, and its sensitivity is much higher than that of ordinary mechanical fuzes.
electric-1 A fuze has the advantages of small size, high sensitivity and simple and reliable isolation mechanism. However, this fuze also has the following shortcomings: first, it requires a large linear acceleration of the projectile when the isolation safety is released; second, the safety distance at the muzzle is too short; third, due to structural limitations, when the angle of fall is large, Reliable ignition cannot be guaranteed; fourth, the fuze does not have a self-destruct mechanism, making it troublesome to handle blind fire bombs; fifth, when carrying and using the fuze, you need to pay attention to avoid high-voltage power sources at all times to avoid accidents due to the generation of induced electric fields. Danger.
engine
engine consists of engine combustion chamber housing, solid powder seat, propellant, nozzle, tail fin and torsion spring. The combustion chamber shell is made of alloy steel tubes. 22 brush propellants are fixed with glue in the combustion chamber, with a total mass of 59g. The rear part of the engine combustion chamber and the nozzle are threaded together. The nozzle has a constriction and an expansion section. A tail fin fixed seat is welded on the outer circle of the nozzle cone, and each of the six tail fins is fixed on the corresponding fixed seat by a set of rotating shafts and torsion springs. The rotating shaft has a hollow structure, and both ends are flanged and riveted to the tail fin seat to prevent falling off.
Due to the small size and short range of the Type 70 rocket, the six tail fins are not equipped with a synchronization ring and a locking mechanism after expansion. The overall structure is relatively simple and easy to assemble.
When assembled, the tail fin of the rocket is folded forward in the launch tube. When the rocket flies away from the launch tube, its tail will open under the action of spring force and air resistance to maintain the flight stability of the missile.
Electric ignition device
Electric ignition device consists of wire, electric ignition head and gunpowder. When firing, the current generated by the piezoelectric crystal heats the ignition head and ignites the ignition powder, thereby igniting the brush propellant and making the engine work.
htmlComparison of the appearance of Type 670 and Type 70-1 anti-tank rocket launchers. From top to bottom they are: Type 70-1 front launch tube, Type 70 front launch tube and rear launch tube. The biggest difference in appearance between the two is that the 70-1 type's standby handle is a push rod located above and behind the launcher base, and the handle is a cylindrical
70-1 type 62mm rocket launcher that is a combination of the front launch tube and the rear launch tube. Status
html The number on the rear launcher of the 670-1 rocket launcher and the manufacturer's code
70-1 rocket launcher's front sight and rear sight are the same as those of the 70-type rocket launcher
70-1 type 62mm rocket launcher
html The 070-type 62mm rocket launcher was exposed after the army tried it. Several improvements were made to some problems, and in 1974 it was improved and finalized into the 70-1 rocket launcher. The most important improvement is to abandon the unreliable electric ignition method of hammer hitting the piezoelectric crystal, and change it to the principle of electromagnetic induction, which uses the movement of a magnet to cut the coil to generate ignition current to ignite, which greatly improves the reliability of ignition. performance and durability, especially reliability in low temperature environments.70-1 The biggest difference in appearance between the 070-1 rocket launcher and the 70-type rocket launcher is that the 70-type bazooka has the cocking handle on the right side of the transmitter, while the 70-1 style has the cocking handle set on the rear and upper side of the launcher base. Putter style. When firing Type 70-1, first push the cocking lever forward so that it is stuck in the front by the blocker. After pulling the trigger, the cocking lever is released and resets backward under the action of the spring force. The cocking lever moves During the process, the magnetic field lines are cut and an electric current is generated, thereby firing the rocket.In addition, Type 70-1 uses a cylindrical grip with an electromagnetic generator installed in the grip; the training sear system and safety wrench are also eliminated from the launch mechanism of the 70-1, further simplifying the operation. The
70/70-1 62mm rocket launcher is equipped with a special carrying carrier. Each rocket launcher is equipped with a set of carrier, and the carrier itself weighs 2kg. Each set of backpacks usually carries 6 rounds of rockets, with 3 rounds in each of the left and right ammunition bags. At this time, the total mass is 9.98kg; if necessary, it can carry 10 rounds of rockets, 4 of which are in the middle and tied tightly. At this time, the total mass 15.3kg.
70 type 62mm rocket launcher main elements
Although it has not been installed, it has a profound impact.
70 type rocket launcher has a relatively short design time, but its performance is fully qualified, and it also has some unique advantages, such as the entire weapon structure is simple and the front launch tube can be repeated When used, the power of rockets is relatively large relative to their caliber.
However, because the Type 70 rocket launcher is an emergency weapon, it was launched in a hurry and the preliminary demonstration work was not sufficient, which determines that its flaws are also obvious. The first problem of
is that the mechanical sight is simple and rough, without a range-finding device. When shooting different targets, the distance needs to be estimated in advance, which is not conducive to rapid response in combat. In addition, the direct shooting distance is short, so the shooting accuracy is relatively limited. The second problem is that the life of the piezoelectric ignition system is short and the ignition is unreliable under low temperature conditions. The third problem is that the entire weapon system is long and inconvenient to carry when in the ready state. The fourth problem is that the armor-breaking power is insufficient. The vertical armor-breaking thickness is only 280mm, which makes it difficult to deal with the rapidly developing foreign main battle tank armor.
Due to the above-mentioned defects of the Type 70 rocket launcher, it was difficult to meet the requirements of the military, and the tension in Sino-Soviet relations began to ease, and the imminent threat had disappeared. For various reasons, the Type 70 rocket launcher was not finally deployed in the army. As for the improved Type 70-1, it was produced until the early 1980s and equipped with some airborne troops. In addition, a small amount of foreign trade was exported to Southeast Asian countries.
Although the design of the Type 70 rocket launcher is unsatisfactory, the birth of this system marks the beginning of the country's move away from the Soviet Union's bulky recoilless rifles that fired rocket-extended projectiles, and moved closer to the Western principles of light pure rocket engines. A successful attempt. In addition, the system uses a large number of lightweight and high-strength materials on rockets and launch tubes to meet the needs of lightweighting the entire weapon system and simplify the production, training and use of the weapon system as much as possible. These innovative measures are all 70 Valuable exploration of the bazooka.
Due to changes in the technological level and operational thinking of foreign military forces, the Type 70 rocket launcher was unable to cope with the battlefield environment in the 1980s. Based on its successful experience, the country began to develop more powerful individual anti-tank weapons with Chinese characteristics. The PF89 individual anti-tank rocket launcher was born. Another weapon developed on the basis of the Type 70 is the FHJ84 62mm individual double-barreled rocket launcher finalized in 1984. It is currently widely equipped in our army.
The FHJ84 62mm double-barreled rocket launcher currently in service in our army is further developed based on the design of the Type 70 rocket launcher.
From the perspective of the development history of our country's individual anti-tank rocket launchers, the advanced technology reflected in the design of the Type 70 rocket launcher The experience was applied in later domestic individual rocket systems. As an independently developed technology accumulation, the Type 70 rocket launcher system has far-reaching influence.(Full text completed)
(This article was published in the second half of the 7th issue of "Light Weapons" in 2009. The public account article has been deleted)
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