Today the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three astrophysicists. The surprise is that their combination "is too different from the fields of cosmology and extraterrestrial planets." However, the experimental astronomer who discovered the extrasolar planet was predicted in 2015 by Mr. Shi Yu, a physics professor at Fudan University and the Nobel Prize Golden Week physics consultant for "Intellectuals"/"Mr. Sai".
The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz. Princeton University Professor James Peebles shared half of the prize, University of Geneva Professor Michel Mayor and Professor of the University of Geneva and Professor of Cambridge University Didier Queloz shared the other half of the prize. . The reasons for the award are as follows:
recognizes their contributions to understanding the evolution of the universe and the Earth's place in the universe.
James Peebles
Phillip James Edwin Peebles is a Canadian-American physicist and theoretical cosmologist who is currently a professor of science at Princeton University Albert Einstein Science Emeritus professor.
The 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics winner: James Peebles
He is widely regarded as one of the world's leading theoretical cosmologists since 1970, with important contributions to primordial nucleosynthesis, dark matter , the cosmic microwave background and structure formation theoretical contribution. His three textbooks (Physical Cosmology, 1971; Large-Scale Structure of the Universe, 1980; Principles of Physical Cosmology, 1993) have become standard reference works in the field.
Peebles was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba on April 25, 1935, and received his bachelor's degree from the University of Manitoba. In the fall of 1958, he left Manitoba to attend Princeton University, where he completed his PhD under the supervision of Robert Dicke. He remained at Princeton throughout his career.
Peebles made many important contributions to the Big Bang model. Along with Dick and others (nearly two decades after George Gamow, Ralph A. Alver, and Robert C. Herman), he predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation . While making major contributions to big bang nucleosynthesis, dark matter and dark energy, he was also a major pioneer in theories of the formation of cosmic structure in the 1970s.
Peebles studied physical cosmology before it was considered a serious quantitative branch of physics and did much respected work. The Shaw Prize said of him: "He laid the foundation for nearly all modern cosmological research, both theoretical and observational, transforming a highly speculative field into a precise science."
Peebles has a long record of innovating fundamental ideas , and has since been extensively studied by other scientists. For example, in 1987 he proposed a primitive iso-curvature baryon model for the development of the early universe. Likewise, Peebles contributed to establishing the dark matter problem in the early 1970s. He is also famous for the Ostriker-Peebles criterion, which relates to the stability of galaxy formation.
In Peebles's book "Principles of Physical Cosmology" he expressed the preferred frame of reference for velocities anywhere in the universe in terms of isotropic cosmic background radiation This was different from previous models, but he argued This does not violate the theory of relativity. Victor Weisskopf made the same point in his book. In 1949, without compromising the principles of relativity, Albert Einstein introduced the concept of a preferred inertial frame in his Autobiography and suggested developing kinetic energy as a field concept, but in This was not possible before the discovery of cosmic background radiation.
Michel Mayor
Swiss astrophysicist Michel G. E. Mayor (Michel G. E. Mayor) is 77 years old and was born in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1942. He won the Kyoto Basic Science Prize (Kyoto Prize) in 2015.
The winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics: Michel Mayor
After obtaining a degree in physics from the University of Lausanne in 1966, Meyer obtained a PhD in astronomy from the University of Geneva in 1971.He conducted research on sabbaticals at the Observatory in Cambridge, England, the European Southern Observatory in Chile, and the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Hawaii in Hawaii.
From 1989 to 1992, Meyer worked at the European Southern Observatory. From 1988 to 1991, he studied the structure of galaxies with the International Astronomical Union; from 1990 to 1993, he studied with the Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy.
In 1995, Meyer and Didier Queloz discovered the first planet orbiting the Sun-like star 51 Pegasi b.
Since Meyer discovered 51 Pegasi b, his main research has been the discovery of extrasolar planets.
In 2003, he began using the instrument he still uses today, the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS).
In 2007, he became one of 11 European scientists who discovered Gliese 581c at the La Silla Observatory of the European Southern Observatory in Chile, the first solar exoplanet located in the habitable zone.
In 2009, Meyer and his team discovered the currently smallest exoplanet Gliese 581e orbiting the main sequence star .
Meyer retired from the Department of Astronomy at the University of Geneva in 2007, but continues to conduct research as Professor Emeritus.
Didier Queloz
Didier Queloz (born 23 February 1966) is a Swiss astronomer who made discoveries outside the solar system in the Astrophysics Group at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge and at the University of Geneva. The planets have a rich record.
The winner of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics: Didier Queloz
In 1995, he was a doctoral student at the University of Geneva. He and his doctoral supervisor Michel Mayor discovered the first exoplanet around a main sequence star. Queloz analyzed 51 Pegasi using radial velocity measurements (Doppler spectroscopy) and was surprised to find a planet with an orbital period of 4.2 days. Planet 51, named Pegasi b, was a popular Jupiter or roaster at the time, challenging the then-accepted view of planet formation. He was awarded the 2011 BBVA Frontiers of Basic Science Award (jointly with Michel Mayor) for developing new astronomical instruments and experimental techniques that led to the first observations of planets outside the solar system. In 2017, he received the Wolf Prize in Physics.
