Huagu Opera
The musical singing style of Huagu Opera originates from the rich folk songs, minor and songs and dances in the Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province. After generations of Huagu Opera artists have pondered, processed, tempered, created and absorbed the artistic nourishment of other types of operas, there are currently four major singing styles of Flower Drum Opera. Main tune and more than 200 minor tunes. The main tune of
belongs to Banqiang, which is divided into: high tune (tragic tune), Qishui (bad rhyme), Siping, Daluo (resurrection tune);
minor tune is divided into: single piece brand , special minor tune, interlude wait.
- The main tune is the most used in the repertoire. It is good at expressing drama conflicts, depicting characters and expressing different thoughts and feelings, and is the main body of Flower Drum Opera singing.
- The minor tune mostly comes from folk songs and various folk rap music. Its music is short and melodic. Beautiful, brisk rhythm, rich in color, mostly in Qupai style structure. Although there are still obvious traces of folk minor in the singing, the style has gradually become "dramatic", and it is also an important part of the singing style of Huagu Opera.
Jingzhou Flower Drum Opera
The singing style of Jingzhou Flower Drum Opera varies according to different professions, age, gender, personality characteristics and timbre, habitual use of vocal area and vocal range. The same voice forms different singing styles. Take the main tune as an example:
If it expresses the dignity and softness of Zhengdan and the beauty and charm of Huadan, its singing music is gorgeous and euphemistic;
When it expresses the elegance of niche, the honesty of old student, and the vigorousness of raw horn, its melody range is relatively Broad and vigorous;
However, when expressing the humor, exaggeration and weirdness of the clown, its range is narrow and the melody is simple.
In addition to the common characteristics of most of the singing functions of the main tunes of emphasizing both lyricism and narrative, each voice has a different focus on specific performance:
Some are mainly lyrical
Some are good at narrative
Some can express more Some feelings
can express a single feeling vividly and vividly.
The characteristics of the four main tunes can be summarized in the poem "Zhuzhi Ci":
"The high tune (sad tune) is the most lyrical, the Qishui tune (broken rhyme) is narrative, the flat tune is strong and soft, worries and joy, the sadness is the gong and the resurrection."
"High tune" and "tragic tune" are the most lyrical.
High tune comes from the weeding songs of field labor. When farmers are weeding, in order to continue the heavy labor, they often use high pitches and melodious melodies to express their emotions to relieve fatigue. When Huagu Opera adopted it as its main tune, it retained this characteristic of high and loud sounds. Because of its beautiful melody and strong lyricism, it can be hummed by men, women, old and young, so the masses give it various common names. For example:
"bone skull tune", which means high-pitched and open;
"kuliu tune", which means the tone is very high. Generally, good voices usually sing the "six" tune;
"hoo Liuqiang", because of the singing tune Lyrics are slow, and the lyrics fall once every six lines;
"Stacking Bones" means beautiful and beautiful.
In addition, there are also titles such as "Skull Flower Drum" and "Skull Troupe", which is one of the most representative singing styles of Flower Drum Opera.
's high-pitched voice is good at expressing a variety of emotions; such as joy, anger, thoughts, sadness, fear, surprise, etc. It can be soothing and flowing, and passionate and intense! Therefore, there are many distinctions such as "happy high tune", "sad high tune", "fast high tune", "slow high tune", etc.
Stills of "Sanguantang"
Tragic tune is an anti-key singing method of Gaoqiang (converted from the original key to the dominant key), which is specially used for female characters when they are grieving. The vocal range is wide, and the singing style is similar to the cries of rural women in the Jianghan Plain. The "ouch" and the high and low drawl (called "wordless tune" by artists, which means non-literal words) can express grief, depression, and pain. Feelings. Because the high tune is good at expressing sorrow and deep emotions, it is used as the key aria in many plays.
For example, Qin Xianglian's long libretto in "Sanguantang" is handled with a high-pitched tune that is replaced by a tragic tune. Her singing tune is tactful and sad, as if weeping and complaining, and appropriately expresses the emotions of the characters in the play.
"Qishui" "Biyun" narrative ability
"Qishui" is a singing style that pays equal attention to lyricism and narrative, and takes narrative as its main function. Its style is rich and good at changing, and it can accommodate large sections of lyrics. For example, "Visiting Friends" and "Encouraging Aunt" each have more than 70 sentences.
Especially the play "The Story of the White Fan" has very few dialogues and more than 600 lines of lyrics in the whole play, all sung in Qishui tune.
Stills of "Visiting Friends"
Among Flower Drum Opera performers, some men are afraid of "Visiting Friends" and women are afraid of "Drunkenness" (the drunken oiran), which shows that the content of these plays is complex and varied, and there are many lyrics, and the entire plot is sung to narrate the story. developing. Because Qishui's singing voice is cordial and fluent, he can speak like a normal person when he is helping and persuading others, he can narrate the sad past with a tearful expression, he can be desolate and tactful when he is worried about loneliness, and he can be impassioned and impassioned when arguing with righteous indignation. Therefore, using Qishui tune to express complex dramatic plots and portray different characters has its unique advantages.
The lyrical characteristics of Qishui are mostly reflected in "Qi Ban" and "Adagio". It can also express a variety of emotions, and a long narrative is often followed immediately after the Adagio. This lyrical Adagio is connected with the narrative Forte and Allegro, with ups and downs and contrasts, which is very in line with the appreciation taste and aesthetic habits of the masses.
Baiyun is a variation of Qishui singing style. It is emotionally depressive and sentimental. It mostly narrates unfortunate past events and longing for long-distance lovesickness. Its mode and scale are the same as those of Qishui.
"Siping" is strong, soft, worried, thoughtful and joyful
"Siping" is the only singing tune in the main tune that is expressed in the form of Qupai. It consists of four sentences: starting, continuing, turning and combining, so it is called Siping. Its tunes range from hard to soft, suitable for expressing different emotions such as joy, melancholy, and longing. Although Siping does not have a variety of form changes, the tunes and rhythms are very flexible. According to the gender and age of the characters, a variety of singing methods for different professions have been formed, which can better express various characters.
Such as "Nv Siping", it is euphemistic, lingering, gorgeous and colorful. It mainly expresses the joy, worry and other emotions of young and young women. It is also suitable for young students to sing. The tune is hard and often creates a romantic and chic image. Commonly known as "Xiaosheng Siping".
"Male Siping" is hearty, heroic, upright and decisive, suitable for expressing the character of middle-aged men, such as Zhao Kuangyin's aria in "Thunder God Cave":
"Lao Siping" is vigorous and honest, to portray the image of the elderly working people at the lower level. It is good at it, such as the aria of old Xue Bao in "The Little Godson":
"Ugly Siping" is humorous and simple, and the tune is reserved for ugly characters. For example, Liu Chongjing's arias in the costume drama "Double Identity":
"Sadness", "Daluo" and "Revival"
Daluo tune is a special tragic tune that can be used by both men and women. The melody is deep and sad, and is mostly used by middle-aged and elderly characters to narrate the tragic past and express grief. The resurrecting tune evolved from the daluo tune. In traditional operas, it is used exclusively when ghosts wander around and narrate grievances. The tune is compared to the gong and drum tune. It is more depressed and desolate, often giving people a sense of eerie and creepy! The two singing styles are generally used respectively in plays that require plot and emotional needs, and can also be sung in succession.
"The Legend of the White Snake"
For example, Bai Suzhen's singing in "The Legend of the White Snake" vividly expresses the sadness of the gong tune.
In addition to the four main tunes, Huagu Opera also has minor tunes. Minor tunes are divided into three categories: single pieces, special tunes, and interludes. They are also an indispensable and important component of the singing style of Huagu Opera.
single article brand
is a tune in which one person sings and dances to express emotions or narrate a story. It is like a folk art performance with colorful costumes, singing and dancing at the same time, and you can freely enter or exit the role. Artists call this performance form "single opera" or "scattering drum".
Such as Xiqiang, Shizhimei, Sierqiang, etc., which have gradually developed from special tunes to multi-purpose tunes with certain pattern changes.
Its expressive function is stronger than that of ordinary minor keys, and its structure gradually develops in the direction of plate changes. In addition to the repetition of the upper and lower sentences for narrative purposes, the singing also has a more lyrical beginning (qiban) to guide, and the end of the song ( The form of Huagu Opera is becoming more and more perfect, especially the close combination of music melody and language tones, which makes singing and chanting integrated and very coordinated. This is also an important factor in Huagu Opera's strong Jianghan Plain style.
special minor tune
is the dramatization of folk minor tune. Special tunes are mainly used in small plays. Generally, there is one word for a play, and the name of the tune is also the title of the play. Many special tunes are sung specifically and are not confused with each other, such as "Embroidered Purse", "Sifan", "Zhao Lang", "Four Seasons Busy", " study money " and so on.
"Standing at the Flower Wall" video
In the singing, the tune basically maintains the lyrical style of folk minors, but also produces a variety of singing variations according to the development of the plot, such as compression, stretching, flexible addition of lining words, lining tunes, and fragment repetition. Add additional sentences, etc., to make it more in line with the ideological content and the emotional needs of the characters. In a repertoire, if the emotions are diverse, multiple minor tunes can be used to express them in succession, with one song as the main tune (often the name of the repertoire), and others as supplements, such as "Standing on the Flower Wall", "Double-Left Bamboo Shoots", "Mending Back Jacket", etc.
interlude
is an accessory tune in Flower Drum Opera. That is to copy the singing tunes of popular folk ditties and other folk arts and operas in various places intact. They are the tunes of seasonal ditties, local folk arts and other operas that are inserted into the play as a "play within a play" to express a specific The surrounding scenery, the emotions and psychological state of specific characters mainly play a role in enriching the color of singing.
Through this "play within a play" format, actors can improvise various tunes or other folk arts and opera arias according to their own intelligence and conditions to arouse the audience's interest. Therefore, "interludes" play a variety of colorful roles in the singing of flower drums.
The traditional singing form of Huagu Opera is "one person sings in harmony with the accompaniment of gongs and drums", and the lyrics are mostly composed of seven characters and cross sentences. The singing rhythm is bright, the melody is beautiful, the lyrical narrative is rich in local flavor, and the singing content is close to the lives of ordinary people. It is lively and reflects the wishes and requirements of the broad masses of the people. This is also an important reason why Huagu Opera is so popular among the common people.
Therefore, among the people, men, women, old and young like to hum a few Huagu Opera tunes when walking and working. Therefore, there is also a saying that "if you don't hum Huagu Opera while working, you will feel weak all over."
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